[src/doc/book] Import from cargo-book repo

src/doc/book/README.md

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+# The Cargo Book
+
+
+### Requirements
+
+Building the book requires [mdBook]. To get it:
+
+[mdBook]: https://github.com/azerupi/mdBook
+
+```bash
+$ cargo install mdbook
+```
+
+### Building
+
+To build the book:
+
+```bash
+$ mdbook build
+```
+
+The output will be in the `book` subdirectory. To check it out, open it in
+your web browser.
+
+_Firefox:_
+```bash
+$ firefox book/index.html                       # Linux
+$ open -a "Firefox" book/index.html             # OS X
+$ Start-Process "firefox.exe" .\book\index.html # Windows (PowerShell)
+$ start firefox.exe .\book\index.html           # Windows (Cmd)
+```
+
+_Chrome:_
+```bash
+$ google-chrome book/index.html                 # Linux
+$ open -a "Google Chrome" book/index.html       # OS X
+$ Start-Process "chrome.exe" .\book\index.html  # Windows (PowerShell)
+$ start chrome.exe .\book\index.html            # Windows (Cmd)
+```
+
+
+## Contributing
+
+Given that the book is still in a draft state, we'd love your help! Please feel free to open
+issues about anything, and send in PRs for things you'd like to fix or change. If your change is
+large, please open an issue first, so we can make sure that it's something we'd accept before you
+go through the work of getting a PR together.

src/doc/book/src/01-01-installation.md

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+## Installation
+
+The easiest way to get Cargo is to get the current stable release of Rust by
+using the `rustup` script:
+
+```shell
+$ curl -sSf https://static.rust-lang.org/rustup.sh | sh
+```
+
+This will get you the current stable release of Rust for your platform along
+with the latest Cargo.
+
+If you are on Windows, you can directly download the latest stable Rust and nightly Cargo:
+
+- [Rust (32-bit)](https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/rust-1.17.0-i686-pc-windows-gnu.msi)
+- [Cargo (32-bit)](https://static.rust-lang.org/cargo-dist/cargo-nightly-i686-pc-windows-gnu.tar.gz)
+
+- [Rust (64-bit)](https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/rust-1.17.0-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu.msi)
+- [Cargo (64-bit)](https://static.rust-lang.org/cargo-dist/cargo-nightly-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu.tar.gz)
+
+Alternatively, you can [build Cargo from source](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo#compiling-from-source).

src/doc/book/src/01-02-first-steps.md

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+## First steps with Cargo
+
+To start a new project with Cargo, use `cargo new`:
+
+```shell
+$ cargo new hello_world --bin
+```
+
+We’re passing `--bin` because we’re making a binary program: if we
+were making a library, we’d leave it off.
+
+Let’s check out what Cargo has generated for us:
+
+```shell
+$ cd hello_world
+$ tree .
+.
+├── Cargo.toml
+└── src
+    └── main.rs
+
+1 directory, 2 files
+```
+
+This is all we need to get started. First, let’s check out `Cargo.toml`:
+
+```toml
+[package]
+name = "hello_world"
+version = "0.1.0"
+authors = ["Your Name <you@example.com>"]
+```
+
+This is called a **manifest**, and it contains all of the metadata that Cargo
+needs to compile your project.
+
+Here’s what’s in `src/main.rs`:
+
+```
+fn main() {
+    println!("Hello, world!");
+}
+```
+
+Cargo generated a “hello world” for us. Let’s compile it:
+
+```shell
+$ cargo build
+   Compiling hello_world v0.1.0 (file:///path/to/project/hello_world)
+```
+
+And then run it:
+
+```shell
+$ ./target/debug/hello_world
+Hello, world!
+```
+
+We can also use `cargo run` to compile and then run it, all in one step:
+
+```shell
+$ cargo run
+     Fresh hello_world v0.1.0 (file:///path/to/project/hello_world)
+   Running `target/hello_world`
+Hello, world!
+```
+
+## Going further
+
+For more details on using Cargo, check out the [Cargo Guide](guide.html)

src/doc/book/src/02-01-why-cargo-exists.md

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+## Why Cargo exists
+
+Cargo is a tool that allows Rust projects to declare their various
+dependencies and ensure that you’ll always get a repeatable build.
+
+To accomplish this goal, Cargo does four things:
+
+* Introduces two metadata files with various bits of project information.
+* Fetches and builds your project’s dependencies.
+* Invokes `rustc` or another build tool with the correct parameters to build your project.
+* Introduces conventions to make working with Rust projects easier.

src/doc/book/src/02-02-creating-a-new-project.md

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+## Creating a new project
+
+To start a new project with Cargo, use `cargo new`:
+
+```shell
+$ cargo new hello_world --bin
+```
+
+We’re passing `--bin` because we’re making a binary program: if we
+were making a library, we’d leave it off. This also initializes a new `git`
+repository by default. If you don't want it to do that, pass `--vcs none`.
+
+Let’s check out what Cargo has generated for us:
+
+```shell
+$ cd hello_world
+$ tree .
+.
+├── Cargo.toml
+└── src
+    └── main.rs
+
+1 directory, 2 files
+```
+
+If we had just used `cargo new hello_world` without the `--bin` flag, then
+we would have a `lib.rs` instead of a `main.rs`. For now, however, this is all
+we need to get started. First, let’s check out `Cargo.toml`:
+
+```toml
+[package]
+name = "hello_world"
+version = "0.1.0"
+authors = ["Your Name <you@example.com>"]
+```
+
+This is called a **manifest**, and it contains all of the metadata that Cargo
+needs to compile your project.
+
+Here’s what’s in `src/main.rs`:
+
+```
+fn main() {
+    println!("Hello, world!");
+}
+```
+
+Cargo generated a “hello world” for us. Let’s compile it:
+
+```shell
+$ cargo build
+   Compiling hello_world v0.1.0 (file:///path/to/project/hello_world)
+```
+
+And then run it:
+
+```shell
+$ ./target/debug/hello_world
+Hello, world!
+```
+
+We can also use `cargo run` to compile and then run it, all in one step (you
+won't see the `Compiling` line if you have not made any changes since you last
+compiled):
+
+```shell
+$ cargo run
+   Compiling hello_world v0.1.0 (file:///path/to/project/hello_world)
+     Running `target/debug/hello_world`
+Hello, world!
+```
+
+You'll notice several new files and directories have been created:
+```shell
+$ tree .
+.
+├── Cargo.lock
+├── Cargo.toml
+├── src
+│   └── main.rs
+└── target
+    └── debug
+        ├── build
+        ├── deps
+        │   └── hello_world-2386c2fd0156916f
+        ├── examples
+        ├── hello_world
+        ├── hello_world.d
+        ├── incremental
+        └── native
+
+8 directories, 6 files
+```
+
+The `Cargo.lock` file contains information about our dependencies. Since we
+don’t have any yet, it’s not very interesting. The `target` directory contains
+all the build products, and, as can be seen, Cargo produces debug builds by
+default. You can use `cargo build --release` to compile your files with
+optimizations turned on:
+
+```shell
+$ cargo build --release
+   Compiling hello_world v0.1.0 (file:///path/to/project/hello_world)
+```
+
+`cargo build --release` puts the resulting binary in `target/release`
+instead of `target/debug`.
+
+Compiling in debug mode is the default for development -- compilation time is
+shorter since the compiler doesn't do optimizations, but the code will run
+slower. Release mode takes longer to compile, but the code will run faster.

src/doc/book/src/02-03-working-on-an-existing-project.md

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+## Working on an existing Cargo project
+
+If you download an existing project that uses Cargo, it’s really easy
+to get going.
+
+First, get the project from somewhere. In this example, we’ll use `rand`
+cloned from its repository on GitHub:
+
+```shell
+$ git clone https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/rand.git
+$ cd rand
+```
+
+To build, use `cargo build`:
+
+```shell
+$ cargo build
+   Compiling rand v0.1.0 (file:///path/to/project/rand)
+```
+
+This will fetch all of the dependencies and then build them, along with the
+project.

src/doc/book/src/02-04-dependencies.md

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+## Adding dependencies from crates.io
+
+[crates.io] is the Rust community's central repository that serves
+as a location to discover and download packages. `cargo` is configured to use
+it by default to find requested packages.
+
+To depend on a library hosted on [crates.io], add it to your `Cargo.toml`.
+
+[crates.io]: https://crates.io/
+
+### Adding a dependency
+
+If your `Cargo.toml` doesn't already have a `[dependencies]` section, add that,
+then list the crate name and version that you would like to use. This example
+adds a dependency of the `time` crate:
+
+```toml
+[dependencies]
+time = "0.1.12"
+```
+
+The version string is a [semver] version requirement. The [specifying
+dependencies](03-01-specifying-dependencies.html) docs have more information about
+the options you have here.
+
+[semver]: https://github.com/steveklabnik/semver#requirements
+
+If we also wanted to add a dependency on the `regex` crate, we would not need
+to add `[dependencies]` for each crate listed. Here's what your whole
+`Cargo.toml` file would look like with dependencies on the `time` and `regex`
+crates:
+
+```toml
+[package]
+name = "hello_world"
+version = "0.1.0"
+authors = ["Your Name <you@example.com>"]
+
+[dependencies]
+time = "0.1.12"
+regex = "0.1.41"
+```
+
+Re-run `cargo build`, and Cargo will fetch the new dependencies and all of
+their dependencies, compile them all, and update the `Cargo.lock`:
+
+```shell
+$ cargo build
+      Updating registry `https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index`
+   Downloading memchr v0.1.5
+   Downloading libc v0.1.10
+   Downloading regex-syntax v0.2.1
+   Downloading memchr v0.1.5
+   Downloading aho-corasick v0.3.0
+   Downloading regex v0.1.41
+     Compiling memchr v0.1.5
+     Compiling libc v0.1.10
+     Compiling regex-syntax v0.2.1
+     Compiling memchr v0.1.5
+     Compiling aho-corasick v0.3.0
+     Compiling regex v0.1.41
+     Compiling hello_world v0.1.0 (file:///path/to/project/hello_world)
+```
+
+Our `Cargo.lock` contains the exact information about which revision of all of
+these dependencies we used.
+
+Now, if `regex` gets updated, we will still build with the same revision until
+we choose to `cargo update`.
+
+You can now use the `regex` library using `extern crate` in `main.rs`.
+
+```
+extern crate regex;
+
+use regex::Regex;
+
+fn main() {
+    let re = Regex::new(r"^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}$").unwrap();
+    println!("Did our date match? {}", re.is_match("2014-01-01"));
+}
+```
+
+Running it will show:
+
+```shell
+$ cargo run
+   Running `target/hello_world`
+Did our date match? true
+```