SEC: Infinite recursion when using PdfWriter(clone_from=reader) (#2264)

Use a visited memo to check if the current object in the clone operation has already been visited, and if so, do not add it to the list of objects.

This avoids infinite recursion in case there are links to the same object inside a PDF.

pypdf/generic/_data_structures.py

@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@
     List,
     Optional,
     Sequence,
+    Set,
     Tuple,
     Union,
     cast,
@@ -187,14 +188,15 @@ def clone(
         except Exception:
             pass
 
+        visited: Set[Tuple[int, int]] = set()
         d__ = cast(
             "DictionaryObject",
             self._reference_clone(self.__class__(), pdf_dest, force_duplicate),
         )
         if ignore_fields is None:
             ignore_fields = []
         if len(d__.keys()) == 0:
-            d__._clone(self, pdf_dest, force_duplicate, ignore_fields)
+            d__._clone(self, pdf_dest, force_duplicate, ignore_fields, visited)
         return d__
 
     def _clone(
@@ -203,6 +205,7 @@ def _clone(
         pdf_dest: PdfWriterProtocol,
         force_duplicate: bool,
         ignore_fields: Optional[Sequence[Union[str, int]]],
+        visited: Set[Tuple[int, int]],
     ) -> None:
         """
         Update the object from src.
@@ -270,6 +273,14 @@ def _clone(
                                     cur_obj.__class__(), pdf_dest, force_duplicate
                                 ),
                             )
+                            # check to see if we've previously processed our item
+                            if clon.indirect_reference is not None:
+                                idnum = clon.indirect_reference.idnum
+                                generation = clon.indirect_reference.generation
+                                if (idnum, generation) in visited:
+                                    cur_obj = None
+                                    break
+                                visited.add((idnum, generation))
                             objs.append((cur_obj, clon))
                             assert prev_obj is not None
                             prev_obj[NameObject(k)] = clon.indirect_reference
@@ -282,7 +293,7 @@ def _clone(
                             except Exception:
                                 cur_obj = None
                         for s, c in objs:
-                            c._clone(s, pdf_dest, force_duplicate, ignore_fields)
+                            c._clone(s, pdf_dest, force_duplicate, ignore_fields, visited)
 
         for k, v in src.items():
             if k not in ignore_fields:
@@ -798,6 +809,7 @@ def _clone(
         pdf_dest: PdfWriterProtocol,
         force_duplicate: bool,
         ignore_fields: Optional[Sequence[Union[str, int]]],
+        visited: Set[Tuple[int, int]],
     ) -> None:
         """
         Update the object from src.
@@ -820,7 +832,7 @@ def _clone(
                 )
         except Exception:
             pass
-        super()._clone(src, pdf_dest, force_duplicate, ignore_fields)
+        super()._clone(src, pdf_dest, force_duplicate, ignore_fields, visited)
 
     def get_data(self) -> Union[bytes, str]:
         return self._data
@@ -1048,6 +1060,7 @@ def clone(
         except Exception:
             pass
 
+        visited: Set[Tuple[int, int]] = set()
         d__ = cast(
             "ContentStream",
             self._reference_clone(
@@ -1056,7 +1069,7 @@ def clone(
         )
         if ignore_fields is None:
             ignore_fields = []
-        d__._clone(self, pdf_dest, force_duplicate, ignore_fields)
+        d__._clone(self, pdf_dest, force_duplicate, ignore_fields, visited)
         return d__
 
     def _clone(
@@ -1065,6 +1078,7 @@ def _clone(
         pdf_dest: PdfWriterProtocol,
         force_duplicate: bool,
         ignore_fields: Optional[Sequence[Union[str, int]]],
+        visited: Set[Tuple[int, int]],
     ) -> None:
         """
         Update the object from src.
@@ -1081,7 +1095,7 @@ def _clone(
         self._operations = list(src_cs._operations)
         self.forced_encoding = src_cs.forced_encoding
         # no need to call DictionaryObjection or anything
-        # like super(DictionaryObject,self)._clone(src, pdf_dest, force_duplicate, ignore_fields)
+        # like super(DictionaryObject,self)._clone(src, pdf_dest, force_duplicate, ignore_fields, visited)
 
     def _parse_content_stream(self, stream: StreamType) -> None:
         # 7.8.2 Content Streams