lib: print to stdout/stderr directly instead of using console

benchmark/misc/print.js

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+'use strict';
+const common = require('../common.js');
+const { spawn } = require('child_process');
+
+const bench = common.createBenchmark(main, {
+  dur: [1],
+  code: ['1', '"string"', 'process.versions', 'process']
+});
+
+function spawnProcess(code) {
+  const cmd = process.execPath || process.argv[0];
+  const argv = ['-p', code];
+  return spawn(cmd, argv);
+}
+
+function start(state, code, bench, getNode) {
+  const node = getNode(code);
+  let stdout = '';
+  let stderr = '';
+
+  node.stdout.on('data', (data) => {
+    stdout += data;
+  });
+
+  node.stderr.on('data', (data) => {
+    stderr += data;
+  });
+
+  node.on('exit', (code) => {
+    if (code !== 0) {
+      console.error('------ stdout ------');
+      console.error(stdout);
+      console.error('------ stderr ------');
+      console.error(stderr);
+      throw new Error(`Error during node startup, exit code ${code}`);
+    }
+    state.throughput++;
+
+    if (state.go) {
+      start(state, code, bench, getNode);
+    } else {
+      bench.end(state.throughput);
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+function main({ dur, code }) {
+  const state = {
+    go: true,
+    throughput: 0
+  };
+
+  setTimeout(() => {
+    state.go = false;
+  }, dur * 1000);
+
+  bench.start();
+  start(state, code, bench, spawnProcess);
+}

lib/fs.js

@@ -74,7 +74,8 @@ const {
   validateOffsetLengthRead,
   validateOffsetLengthWrite,
   validatePath,
-  warnOnNonPortableTemplate
+  warnOnNonPortableTemplate,
+  handleErrorFromBinding
 } = require('internal/fs/utils');
 const {
   CHAR_FORWARD_SLASH,
@@ -117,23 +118,6 @@ function showTruncateDeprecation() {
   }
 }
 
-function handleErrorFromBinding(ctx) {
-  if (ctx.errno !== undefined) {  // libuv error numbers
-    const err = uvException(ctx);
-    // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax
-    Error.captureStackTrace(err, handleErrorFromBinding);
-    throw err;
-  }
-  if (ctx.error !== undefined) {  // Errors created in C++ land.
-    // TODO(joyeecheung): currently, ctx.error are encoding errors
-    // usually caused by memory problems. We need to figure out proper error
-    // code(s) for this.
-    // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax
-    Error.captureStackTrace(ctx.error, handleErrorFromBinding);
-    throw ctx.error;
-  }
-}
-
 function maybeCallback(cb) {
   if (typeof cb === 'function')
     return cb;

lib/internal/fs/utils.js

@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ const {
     ERR_INVALID_OPT_VALUE_ENCODING,
     ERR_OUT_OF_RANGE
   },
-  hideStackFrames
+  hideStackFrames,
+  uvException
 } = require('internal/errors');
 const {
   isUint8Array,
@@ -444,7 +445,26 @@ function warnOnNonPortableTemplate(template) {
   }
 }
 
+// This handles errors following the convention of the fs binding.
+function handleErrorFromBinding(ctx) {
+  if (ctx.errno !== undefined) {  // libuv error numbers
+    const err = uvException(ctx);
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax
+    Error.captureStackTrace(err, handleErrorFromBinding);
+    throw err;
+  }
+  if (ctx.error !== undefined) {  // Errors created in C++ land.
+    // TODO(joyeecheung): currently, ctx.error are encoding errors
+    // usually caused by memory problems. We need to figure out proper error
+    // code(s) for this.
+    // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax
+    Error.captureStackTrace(ctx.error, handleErrorFromBinding);
+    throw ctx.error;
+  }
+}
+
 module.exports = {
+  handleErrorFromBinding,
   assertEncoding,
   copyObject,
   Dirent,

lib/internal/main/repl.js

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ const {
   evalScript
 } = require('internal/process/execution');
 
-const console = require('internal/console/global');
+const { print, kStderr, kStdout } = require('internal/util/print');
 
 const { getOptionValue } = require('internal/options');
 
@@ -21,14 +21,12 @@ markBootstrapComplete();
 
 // --input-type flag not supported in REPL
 if (getOptionValue('--input-type')) {
-  // If we can't write to stderr, we'd like to make this a noop,
-  // so use console.error.
-  console.error('Cannot specify --input-type for REPL');
+  print(kStderr, 'Cannot specify --input-type for REPL');
   process.exit(1);
 }
 
-console.log(`Welcome to Node.js ${process.version}.\n` +
-  'Type ".help" for more information.');
+print(kStdout, `Welcome to Node.js ${process.version}.\n` +
+               'Type ".help" for more information.');
 
 const cliRepl = require('internal/repl');
 cliRepl.createInternalRepl(process.env, (err, repl) => {

lib/internal/process/execution.js

@@ -35,26 +35,24 @@ function tryGetCwd() {
   }
 }
 
-function evalModule(source, print) {
-  const { log, error } = require('internal/console/global');
+function evalModule(source, printResult) {
   const { decorateErrorStack } = require('internal/util');
   const asyncESM = require('internal/process/esm_loader');
+  const { kStdout, kStderr, print } = require('internal/util/print');
   asyncESM.loaderPromise.then(async (loader) => {
     const { result } = await loader.eval(source);
-    if (print) {
-      log(result);
-    }
+    if (printResult) { print(kStdout, result); }
   })
   .catch((e) => {
     decorateErrorStack(e);
-    error(e);
+    print(kStderr, e);
     process.exit(1);
   });
   // Handle any nextTicks added in the first tick of the program.
   process._tickCallback();
 }
 
-function evalScript(name, body, breakFirstLine, print) {
+function evalScript(name, body, breakFirstLine, printResult) {
   const CJSModule = require('internal/modules/cjs/loader');
   const { kVmBreakFirstLineSymbol } = require('internal/util');
 
@@ -79,9 +77,9 @@ function evalScript(name, body, breakFirstLine, print) {
         [kVmBreakFirstLineSymbol]: ${!!breakFirstLine}
       });\n`;
   const result = module._compile(script, `${name}-wrapper`);
-  if (print) {
-    const { log } = require('internal/console/global');
-    log(result);
+  if (printResult) {
+    const { kStdout, print } = require('internal/util/print');
+    print(kStdout, result);
   }
   // Handle any nextTicks added in the first tick of the program.
   process._tickCallback();

lib/internal/util/print.js

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+'use strict';
+
+// This implements a light-weight printer that writes to stdout/stderr
+// directly to avoid the overhead in the console abstraction.
+
+const { formatWithOptions } = require('internal/util/inspect');
+const { writeString } = internalBinding('fs');
+const { handleErrorFromBinding } = require('internal/fs/utils');
+const { guessHandleType } = internalBinding('util');
+const { log } = require('internal/console/global');
+
+const kStdout = 1;
+const kStderr = 2;
+const handleType = [undefined, undefined, undefined];
+function getFdType(fd) {
+  if (handleType[fd] === undefined) {
+    handleType[fd] = guessHandleType(fd);
+  }
+  return handleType[fd];
+}
+
+function formatAndWrite(fd, obj, ignoreErrors, colors = false) {
+  const str = `${formatWithOptions({ colors }, obj)}\n`;
+  const ctx = {};
+  writeString(fd, str, null, undefined, undefined, ctx);
+  if (!ignoreErrors) {
+    handleErrorFromBinding(ctx);
+  }
+}
+
+let colors;
+function getColors() {
+  if (colors === undefined) {
+    colors = require('internal/tty').getColorDepth() > 2;
+  }
+  return colors;
+}
+
+// TODO(joyeecheung): replace more internal process._rawDebug()
+// and console.log() usage with this if possible.
+function print(fd, obj, ignoreErrors = true) {
+  switch (getFdType(fd)) {
+    case 'TTY':
+      formatAndWrite(fd, obj, ignoreErrors, getColors());
+      break;
+    case 'FILE':
+      formatAndWrite(fd, obj, ignoreErrors);
+      break;
+    case 'PIPE':
+    case 'TCP':
+      // Fallback to console.log to handle IPC.
+      if (process.channel && process.channel.fd === fd) {
+        log(obj);
+      } else {
+        formatAndWrite(fd, obj, ignoreErrors);
+      }
+      break;
+    default:
+      log(obj);
+  }
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  print,
+  kStderr,
+  kStdout
+};

node.gyp

@@ -183,6 +183,7 @@
       'lib/internal/url.js',
       'lib/internal/util.js',
       'lib/internal/util/comparisons.js',
+      'lib/internal/util/print.js',
       'lib/internal/util/debuglog.js',
       'lib/internal/util/inspect.js',
       'lib/internal/util/inspector.js',

test/benchmark/test-benchmark-misc.js

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ runBenchmark('misc', [
   'method=',
   'n=1',
   'type=',
+  'code=1',
   'val=magyarország.icom.museum',
   'script=test/fixtures/semicolon',
   'mode=worker'