use sync.OnceValue for various regular expressions, require go1.21

[thaJeztah]

• depends on gha: update actions, and update to go1.21, go1.22 #16

---

use sync.OnceValue for various regular expressions, require go1.21

Using regex.MustCompile consumes a significant amount of memory when
importing the package, even if those regular expressions are not used.

This changes compiling the regular expressions to use a sync.OnceValue
so that they're only compiled the first time they're used.

There are various regular expressions remaining that are still compiled
on import, but these are exported, so changing them to a sync.OnceValue
would be a breaking change; we can still decide to do so, but leaving
that for a follow-up.

It's worth noting that sync.OnceValue requires go1.21 or up, so raising
the minimum version accordingly.

Before / After (on the docker CLI (GODEBUG=inittrace=1 ./build/docker)):

init github.com/distribution/reference @11 ms,   0.63 ms clock, 414456 bytes, 3599 allocs
init github.com/distribution/reference  @9.8 ms, 0.44 ms clock, 236680 bytes, 1398 allocs

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 94.73684% with 1 line in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 84.81%. Comparing base (ff14faf) to head (4ca1403).

Files	Patch %	Lines
reference.go	80.00%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main      #15      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   83.71%   84.81%   +1.09%     
==========================================
  Files           5        5              
  Lines         393      316      -77     
==========================================
- Hits          329      268      -61     
+ Misses         54       38      -16     
  Partials       10       10              

☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.

[thaJeztah]

/cc @tonistiigi

[milosgajdos]

This is interesting. Out of curiosity. what triggered this change? Who has discovered/highlighted the memory pressure issue?

[thaJeztah]

Yes; regexes being "hungry" on resources is a known issue in general, which is also why Kir made various pull requests some time ago to try to reduce their use (e.g. docker/go-units#40), but this one cam through @tonistiigi who found that docker/buildx forgot to update docker/registry to the latest version, and as a result the distribution/reference package was loaded twice (once from docker/distribution/reference` and once from the new module.

For a long-lived process / daemon, it's probably less problematic, but in the CLI, this resulted in nearly 2MB to be used just by importing those packages; here's from a Slack thread on that;

reference package(s) allocate nearly 2MB of memory inside init()

init github.com/containerd/containerd/reference @68 ms, 0.002 ms clock, 776 bytes, 10 allocs
init github.com/distribution/reference @68 ms, 1.5 ms clock, 414456 bytes, 3599 allocs
init github.com/docker/distribution/reference @70 ms, 2.2 ms clock, 1368728 bytes, 11434 allocs

So this is an attempt at reducing such cases, and making the regexes compiled on first use.

[milosgajdos]

@thaJeztah now that #16 has been merged, wanna open this for review?