Move Adapter Factory to Core

[colin-rogers-dbt]

split adapters factory into client and load_adapter

resolves #

Problem

Solution

Checklist

• I have read the contributing guide and understand what's expected of me
• I have run this code in development and it appears to resolve the stated issue
• This PR includes tests, or tests are not required/relevant for this PR
• This PR has no interface changes (e.g. macros, cli, logs, json artifacts, config files, adapter interface, etc) or this PR has already received feedback and approval from Product or DX
• This PR includes type annotations for new and modified functions

[github-actions]

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: 644 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Comparison is base (ed90356) 86.14% compared to head (f113d38) 83.47%.
Report is 69 commits behind head on feature/decouple-adapters-from-core.

Files	Patch %	Lines
core/dbt/adapters/events/adapter_types_pb2.py	6.84%	177 Missing ⚠️
core/dbt/adapters/exceptions/compilation.py	43.75%	81 Missing ⚠️
core/dbt/events/core_types_pb2.py	16.90%	59 Missing ⚠️
core/dbt/adapters/events/types.py	84.38%	37 Missing ⚠️
core/dbt/common/exceptions/macros.py	52.30%	31 Missing ⚠️
core/dbt/common/clients/jinja.py	88.97%	29 Missing ⚠️
core/dbt/common/exceptions/cache.py	39.02%	25 Missing ⚠️
core/dbt/common/contracts/config/base.py	85.89%	22 Missing ⚠️
core/dbt/common/exceptions/base.py	86.25%	22 Missing ⚠️
core/dbt/common/utils/encoding.py	52.77%	17 Missing ⚠️
... and 37 more

Additional details and impacted files

@@                           Coverage Diff                           @@
##           feature/decouple-adapters-from-core    #9274      +/-   ##
=======================================================================
- Coverage                                86.14%   83.47%   -2.67%     
=======================================================================
  Files                                      183      223      +40     
  Lines                                    26468    26973     +505     
=======================================================================
- Hits                                     22800    22517     -283     
- Misses                                    3668     4456     +788     

Flag	Coverage Δ
integration	83.47% <75.51%> (+0.42%)	⬆️
unit	?

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