feat: AL2023 AMI family support

[jmdeal]

Fixes #3382

Description
This PR adds support for the AL2023 AMI Family. While it is currently not available, it has been developed and tested against the latest version of the amazon-eks-ami al2023 branch.

Example Usage:

apiVersion: karpenter.k8s.aws/v1beta1
kind: EC2NodeClass
metadata:
  name: default
spec:
  amiFamily: AL2023
  userData: |
    MIME-Version: 1.0
    Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="//"

    --//
    Content-Type: application/node.eks.aws

    apiVersion: node.eks.aws/v1alpha1
    kind: NodeConfig
    spec:
      kubelet:
        config:
          maxPods: 42
    --//
    Content-Type: text/x-shellscript; charset="us-ascii"

    #!/bin/bash
    echo "Hello AL2023!"
    --//
  role: $KARPENTER_NODE_ROLE
  subnetSelectorTerms:
    - tags:
        karpenter.sh/discovery: $CLUSTER_NAME
  securityGroupSelectorTerms:
    - tags:
        karpenter.sh/discovery: $CLUSTER_NAME

How was this change tested?

• manually
• make test
• make e2etests

Does this change impact docs?

• Yes, PR includes docs updates
• Yes, issue opened: #
• No

By submitting this pull request, I confirm that my contribution is made under the terms of the Apache 2.0 license.

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[coveralls]

Pull Request Test Coverage Report for Build 8086791095

Details

• -41 of 243 (83.13%) changed or added relevant lines in 9 files are covered.
• 1 unchanged line in 1 file lost coverage.
• Overall coverage increased (+0.03%) to 82.626%

---

Changes Missing Coverage	Covered Lines	Changed/Added Lines	%
pkg/operator/operator.go	0	1	0.0%
pkg/controllers/nodeclass/controller.go	2	4	50.0%
pkg/providers/launchtemplate/launchtemplate.go	19	24	79.17%
pkg/providers/amifamily/bootstrap/nodeadm.go	81	97	83.51%
pkg/providers/amifamily/bootstrap/mime/mime.go	43	60	71.67%

Files with Coverage Reduction	New Missed Lines	%
pkg/providers/amifamily/ami.go	1	90.32%

Totals
Change from base Build 8085550163:	0.03%
Covered Lines:	5255
Relevant Lines:	6360

---

💛 - Coveralls

[jonathan-innis]

Nice work! Excited to see us get AL2023 support in!

[jonathan-innis]

Nice work 🎉 Another round

[engedaam]

Realy like how this is coming along!

[jonathan-innis]

LGTM 🚀 Nice work!

[jonathan-innis]

LGTM 🚀 Nice work!