Selenium

Selenium Qspiders on eclipse with JAVA

The WebDriver interface is child of SerchContext interface. It has 13 methods as follows:-

The JavaScriptExecutor interface contains 2 methods as follows:-
1. executeScript()
2. executeAsyncScript()

The TakesScreenshot interface has 1 method:-
1. getScreenshotAs()

get

It is used to enter url
It also waits till first page is completly loaded
Syntax:-

    driver.get("url");

getTitle

It is used to fetch title of page
Syntax:-

    String title = driver.getTitle(); //getTitle()
    System.out.println("\nTitle of Page is:- "+title);

getCurrentUrl

It is used to fetch url of current page
Syntax:-

    String url = driver.getCurrentUrl(); //getCurrentUrl()
    System.out.println("\nurl of Page is:-"+ url);

getPageSource

It is used to fetch html code of current page
Syntax:-

    String page = driver.getPageSource(); //getPageSource()
    System.out.println("\nSource code of Page is:- "+page);

manage

This method is used to maximize or minimize window
Syntax:-

    driver.manage().window().maximize();  //manage()
    driver.manage().window().minimize();

close

The close() method is a Webdriver command that closes the browser window currently in focus.
Syntax:-

    driver.close();

quit

The quit() command quits the entire browser session with all its tabs and windows..
Syntax:-

    driver.quit();

get() , getTitle() , getCurrentUrl() , getPageSource() , manage() CODE AND OUTPUT

switchTo

switchTo() method is used to type text in active element.
Any element where cursor is blinking is called Active element.
switchTo() is also used to switch between frames.
Syntax:-

    String myWindowHandle = driver.getWindowHandle();
    //Redirect to the page you want and then call switchTo()
    driver.switchTo().window(myWindowHandle );

Example

navigate

Navigation commands are those commands in Selenium that are used to perform different operations such as backward, forward, refresh, wait, etc in the browser’s history.
It has 3 types
1. Navigate forward: This method is used to move forward by one page on the browser’s history.
  - Syntax:
```
driver.navigate().forward();
```
1. Navigate Back : This method is used to move back by one page on the browser’s history.
  - Syntax:
```
driver.navigate().back();
```
1. To Command: This method is used to navigate the URL of the web page in the current browser window. It will just navigate to the web page but not wait till the whole page gets loaded.
  - Syntax:
```
driver.navigate().to(URL);
```
1. To refresh: This method is used to refresh the current web page.
  - Syntax:
```
driver.navigate().refresh();
```

getWindowHandle

get.windowhandle(): helps in getting the window handle of the current window
Syntax

    String ParentWindowHandle = driver.getWindowHandle();

getWindowHandles

get.windowhandles(): helps in getting the handles of all the windows opened
set: helps to set the window handles which is in the form of a string.

    set<string> set= driver.get.windowhandles()

findElement

A command used to uniquely identify a web element within the web page.
Returns the first matching web element if multiple web elements are discovered by the locator
Throws NoSuchElementException if the element is not found
Detects a unique web element
Syntax for findElements()

    WebElement elementName = driver.findElements(By.LocatorStrategy("LocatorValue"));

Example

findElements

A command used to identify a list of web elements within the web page.
Returns a list of multiple matching web elements
Returns an empty list if no matching element is found
Returns a collection of matching elements
findElement() and findElements() have 8 locators
Syntax for findElements()

    List<WebElement> elementName = driver.findElements(By.LocatorStrategy("LocatorValue"));

Example

    List<WebElement> listOfElements = driver.findElements(By.xpath("//div"));

id

ID is uniquely defined for each element
driver will locate an element by "id" attribute
Syntax:-

    driver.findElement(By.id(" "));

Example

    WebElement loginTB = driver.findElement(By.id("email"));

Where email is 'id'.

name

driver will locate an element by "name" attribute.
Syntax:-

    driver.findElement(By.name(" "));

Example

    driver.findElement(By.name("login"));

Where login is 'name'.

className

Syntax:-

    driver.findElement(By.className(" "));

Example

    driver.findElement(By.className("inputtext _55r1 _6luy"));

Where inputtext _55r1 _6luy is 'ClassName'.

tagName

Syntax:-

    driver.findElement(By.tagName(" "));

Example

    WebElement loginBtn = driver.findElement(By.name("login"));

Where login is 'name'.

linkText

LinkText is helpful to find links in a webpage. It is the most efficient way of finding web elements containing links.
Syntax:-

    driver.findElement(By.linkText(" "));

Example

    WebElement loginBtn = driver.findElement(By.name("login"));

partialLinkText

Syntax:-

    driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText(" "));

Example

    WebElement loginBtn = driver.findElement(By.name("login"));

cssSelector

CSS Selectors are one of the locator strategies offered by Selenium to identify the web elements.
The CSS Selectors mainly use the character sequence pattern, which identifies the web elements based on their HTML structure.
Syntax:-

    tag[Attribute_Name = 'Attribute_value']

CSS Selectors can be created based on the following ways:

idAttribute

Syntax

    tag[id = 'id_value']

Example:-

    //For password TextField in facebook login page
    driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[id='pass']"));
                        //OR
    driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input#pass"));

Where pass is 'id'.
The '#'sign symbolizes the 'ID' in CSS Selector.

classAttribute

Syntax

    tag[class = 'class_value']

Example:-

    //For password TextField in facebook login page
    driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[class='inputtext _55r1 _6luy _9npi']"));
                        //OR
    driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input.inputtext _55r1 _6luy _9npi"));

Where inputtext _55r1 _6luy _9npi is 'className'.
The .dot sign symbolizes the 'class' in CSS Selector.

OtherAttribute

Apart from the id and class attributes, all other attributes present within the HTML tag of the element can also be used to locate web elements using the CSS Selectors.
Syntax:-

    tag[Attribute_Name = 'Attribute_value']

Example

    WebElement loginTB = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[type='text']"));
	loginTB.sendKeys("bamlutuyde@vusra.com");

Where input is tag.
type is Attribute_Name.
text is Attribute_value.

CombiningAttribute

we combine multiple attributes to precisely locate any element present on the web page.

Combine the ID and other Attributes

Syntax:-

    tag#ID_Value[Other_AttributeName='Other_AttributeValue']

Example
```
    input#pass[placeholder='Password']
```
where
- input is 'tagName'
- pass is 'ID_Value'
- placeholder is 'Other Attribute Name'
- Password is 'Other Attribute Value'

    driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input#pass[placeholder='Password']"));

Combine the Class and other Attributes

Syntax:-

    tag.Class_Value[Other_AttributeName='Other_AttributeValue']

Example

    input.inputtext _55r1 _6luy _9npi[placeholder='Password']

where
- input is 'tagName'
- inputtext _55r1 _6luy _9npi is 'class_Value'
- placeholder is 'Other Attribute Name'
- Password is 'Other Attribute Value'

    driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input.inputtext _55r1 _6luy _9npi[placeholder='Password']"));

xpath

Xpath are of 2 types:-

AbsoluteXpath
RelativeXpath

AbsoluteXpath

In AbsoluteXpath syntax starts from .
We use . for current html program / directory.
We use / for child element.
We use /.. for parent element.
We use // for desendnt element(child, grand-child, great-grand-child).
We use [] to specify index value.In html index value starts from 1.
eg.

	WebElement a1 = driver.findElement(By.xpath("./html/body/div[1]/a[1]"));
	a1.click();

RelativeXpath

Relative Xpath starts with // .
We use // for desendnt element(child, grand-child, great f=grand-child).
eg.

    //For link 1 GOOGLE
	driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[1]/a[1]")).click();

link.html file

Element	Absolute Xpath	Relative Xpath
Google	`./html/body/div[1]/a[1]`	`//div[1]/a[1]`
T3	`./html/body/div[2]/input[2]`	`//input[2]`
Google , FB	`./html/body/div[1]/a`	`//div[1]/a`
Google ,Amazon	`./html/body/div/a[1]`	`//a[1]`
T1 ,T2 ,T3	`./html/body/div/input`	`//input`
T1 ,T2	`./html/body/div/input[1]`	`//input[1]`
Google ,FB ,Amazon	`./html/body/div/a`	`//a`

There are several types of Relative Xpath

Xpath_by_Attribute
Xpath_by_TextFunction
Xpath_by_ContainsFunction
Xpath_by_Dependant_Independant
Xpath_by_Group_Index
Xpath_by_AxesTag

Xpath_by_Attribute

XPath expression select nodes or list of nodes on the basis of attributes like ID , Name, Classname, etc.
Syntax:-

    //tag[@AttributeName='AttributeValue']

Example:-

    //To find Login TextBox in Facebook login page.
	driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type='text']")).sendKeys("bamlutuyde@vusra.com");

Xpath_by_TextFunction

Syntax:-

    //tag[.='text Value']
            **OR**
    //tag[text()='text Value']
            **OR**
    //*[text()='text Value']

Example:-

    //To find password TextBox in Facebook login page.
	driver.findElement(By.xpath("//span[.='Log Out']")).click();
                    //OR
	driver.findElement(By.xpath("//span[text()='Log Out']")).click();
                    //OR
	driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[text()='Log Out']")).click();

Xpath_by_ContainsFunction

The contain feature has an ability to find the element with partial text.

Contains Method has 2 types:-

1. Attributes

Syntax:-

    //tag[contains(@AttributeName,'Partial Attribute Value')]

Example:-

	driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[contains(@href,'google')]")).click();

2. Text

Syntax:-

    //tag[contains(text(),'Partial Text Value')]

                    **OR**

    //tag[contains(.,'Partial Text Value')]

Example:-

    driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[contains(text(),'Facebook')]")).click();

    driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[contains(.,'Amazon')]")).click();

Xpath_by_Dependant_Independant

It is also called as Xpath Traversing.
In this type of Xpath there are elements which changes with respect to time.
Steps:-
1. Write xpath for independant element.
2. Trverse towards dependant element.
In AbsoluteXpath syntax starts from .
We use . for current html program / directory.
We use / for child element.
We use /.. for parent element.
We use // for desendnt element(child, grand-child, great-grand-child).
We use [] to specify index value.In html index value starts from 1.
Example

    driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[.='JAVA']/../../td[2]/a")).click();

Xpath_by_Group_Index

In this type of xpath, we specify the xpath within common brackets ().
By doing this an xpath array is generated starting with index 1.
Unique indexes are given for every matching element.
At end of xpath we specify the index value within Square Brackets [].
Syntax:-

    (//tagName)[IndexValue];

Example:-

    driver.findElement(By.xpath("(//a)[1]")).click(); //For Link 1 a[1] Google

Xpath_by_AxesTag

Different XPath Axes Used In Selenium Testing:-
1. child:- This indicates the children of the context node
  - Syntax:-
```
    /child::tagName
```
2. parent:- This indicates the parent of the context node
  - Syntax:-
```
    /parent::tagName
```
3. descendent:- This indicates the children, grandchildren, and their children (if any) of the context node.
  - Syntax:-
```
    /descendant::tagName
```
4. following-sibling:- This one indicates all the sibling nodes (same parent as the context node) that appear after the context node .
  - Syntax:-
```
    /following-sibling::tagName
```
5. preceding-sibling:- This one indicates all the sibling nodes (same parent as context node) that appear before the context node
  - Syntax:-
```
    /preceding-sibling::tagName
```
Example for Axes Tag

    driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[.='JAVA']/parent::td/following-sibling::td/child::a")).click();

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