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Multi-modal Fusion for Estimating Fatigue
in Exercise Participants

This repo contains the data and programs for a fatigue estimation module.

Dependencies

Please refer to https://github.com/ditoec/openface2_ros for installing OpenFace and its ROS Wrapper.

Data

data/logs contains the log files of all participants.
data/Study 1 - Form 2.csv contains the self-reported RPE values.

Data Visualization

script/plot_rpe.py plots the RPE values for all participants and stores in plots.
script/plot_fau.py plots the FAU values from a sample fau.txt within processed_data.

Preprocessing

  1. script/parse_log.py parses all log files in data/logs and stores in processed_data.
  2. src/quori_openface2_rosbag.cpp parses a rosbag (no need to run rosplay) and stores the fau data in processed_data.
  3. script/combine_features.py processes all data in processed_data and store the features and labels in features. Plots of slopes are generated in slope_plots.

Modeling

Different ML models are compared:

  1. Autoregressive Moving Average (script/run_auto_reg_mov_avg.py)
  2. Linear Regression (script/run_linear_regression.py)
  3. Prophet (script/run_prophet.py)
  4. Random Forest Regression (script/run_random_forest.py)
  5. Support Vector Regression (script/run_svr.py)

Results

Model MSE (RPE) MSE (Rate)
Additive Model 8.30 24.14
ARMA 5.38 2.96
Linear Regression 5.68 1.27
Random Forest Regression 6.68 2.21
Support Vector Regression 5.20 3.19

References

  1. Brown, L., Kerwin, R., and Howard, A. M. (2013, October). Applying behavioral strategies for student engagement using a robotic educational agent. In 2013 IEEE international conference on systems, man, and cybernetics (pp. 4360-4365). IEEE.
  2. Martin K. Ross, Frank Broz, Lynne Baillie. "Towards an Adaptive Robot for Sports and Rehabilitation Coaching." CoRR, abs/1909.08052 (2019). [Online]. Available: http://arxiv.org/abs/1909.08052
  3. R. Kaushik and R. Simmons, “Perception of Emotion in Torso and Arm Movements on Humanoid Robot Quori,” in Companion of the 2021 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction, 2021, pp. 62–66.
  4. R. Kaushik and R. Simmons, "Affective Robot Behavior Improves Learning in a Sorting Game," 2022 31st IEEE International Conference on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN), Napoli, Italy, 2022, pp. 436-441, doi: 10.1109/RO-MAN53752.2022.9900654.
  5. Andrew Specian, Ross Mead, Simon Kim, Maja J. Mataric, Mark Yim. "Quori: A Community-Informed Design of a Socially Interactive Humanoid Robot." CoRR, abs/2109.00662 (2021).
  6. T. Baltrušaitis, P. Robinson and L. -P. Morency, "OpenFace: An open source facial behavior analysis toolkit," 2016 IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV), Lake Placid, NY, USA, 2016, pp. 1-10, doi: 10.1109/WACV.2016.7477553.
  7. Hjortsjö CH Man's face and mimic language. free download: Carl-Herman Hjortsjö, Man's face and mimic language". 1969.
  8. Ekman P, Friesen WV, Hager JC. Facial Action Coding System: The Manual on CD ROM. Salt Lake City: A Human Face. 2002.
  9. R. Kaushik and R. Simmons, “Early Prediction of Student Engagement-Related Events from Facial and Contextual Features,” in International Conference on Social Robotics, Springer, 2021, pp. 308–318.
  10. gTTS. Google Text-to-Speech (gTTS): Python library and CLI tool. Retrieved from http://gtts.readthedocs.org/. 2014.
  11. Taylor SJ, Letham B. 2017. Forecasting at scale. PeerJ Preprints 5:e3190v2 https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.3190v2
  12. Scikit-learn: Machine Learning in Python, Pedregosa et al., JMLR 12, pp. 2825-2830, 2011.
  13. API design for machine learning software: experiences from the scikit-learn project, Buitinck et al., 2013.
  14. Seabold, Skipper, and Josef Perktold. “statsmodels: Econometric and statistical modeling with python.” Proceedings of the 9th Python in Science Conference. 2010.

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