Convert the GitHub issue templates into issue forms

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug.yml

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+name: Bug report
+description: Submit a bug report
+labels: ["type-bug"]
+body:
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+          New to Python? The issue tracker isn't the right place to get help.
+          Consider instead:
+
+            - reading the [Python tutorial](https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/)
+            - posting on [Discourse](https://discuss.python.org/c/users/7)
+            - emailing [python-list](https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list)
+  - type: checkboxes
+    attributes:
+      label: Checklist
+      description: Bugs in third-party projects (e.g. `requests`) do not belong in the CPython issue tracker
+      options:
+        - label: I am confident this is a bug in CPython, not a bug in a third-party project
+          required: true
+        - label: |
+            I have searched the [CPython issue tracker](https://github.com/python/cpython/issues),
+            and am confident this bug has not been reported before
+          required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    attributes:
+      label: A clear and concise description of the bug
+      description: |
+        Tell us what happened.
+
+        Include a
+        [minimal, reproducible example](https://stackoverflow.com/help/minimal-reproducible-example)
+        if possible.
+
+        Put any code blocks inside triple backticks.
+
+      placeholder: |
+        ```py
+        your code here
+        ```
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: dropdown
+    attributes:
+      label: CPython versions tested on
+      multiple: true
+      options:
+        - 3.8
+        - 3.9
+        - 3.10
+        - 3.11
+        - 3.12
+        - CPython main branch
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    attributes:
+      label: Operating system and architecture tested on
+    validations:
+      required: false
+  - type: textarea
+    attributes:
+      label: Any other relevant information
+    validations:
+      required: false

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/crash.yml

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+name: Crash report
+description: A hard crash of the interpreter, possibly with a core dump
+labels: ["type-crash"]
+body:
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+          This form is for hard crashes of the Python interpreter, segmentation faults,
+          failed C-level assertions, and similar.
+          Exceptions unexpectedly raised from stdlib Python functions
+          count as bugs rather than crashes.
+
+          The CPython interpreter is written in a different programming language, C.
+          A "CPython crash" is when Python itself fails, leading to a traceback in the C stack.
+  - type: textarea
+    attributes:
+      label: What happened?
+      description: |
+        Include a
+        [minimal, reproducible example](https://stackoverflow.com/help/minimal-reproducible-example)
+        if possible.
+
+        Put any code blocks inside triple backticks.
+
+      placeholder: |
+        ```py
+        your code here
+        ```
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    attributes:
+      label: Error messages
+      description: Enter any error messages caused by the crash, including a core dump if there is one
+    validations:
+      required: false
+  - type: dropdown
+    attributes:
+      label: CPython versions tested on
+      multiple: true
+      options:
+        - 3.8
+        - 3.9
+        - 3.10
+        - 3.11
+        - 3.12
+        - CPython main branch
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    attributes:
+      label: Operating system and architecture tested on
+    validations:
+      required: false
+  - type: textarea
+    attributes:
+      label: Any other relevant information
+    validations:
+      required: false

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/feature.yml

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+name: Feature or enhancement
+description: Submit a proposal for a new CPython feature or enhancement
+labels: ["type-feature"]
+body:
+  - type: dropdown
+    attributes:
+      label: Has this already been discussed elsewhere?
+      description: |
+        Proposing a new feature for Python?
+        You'll need to demonstrate widespread support for your idea among the community.
+
+        Major feature proposals should generally be discussed on
+        [Discourse](https://discuss.python.org/c/ideas/6) before opening a
+        GitHub issue. Wait until it's clear that most people support your idea
+        before filling in this form.
+      multiple: false
+      options:
+        - I have already discussed this feature proposal on Discourse
+        - This is a minor feature, which does not need previous discussion elsewhere
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    attributes:
+      label: Links to previous discussion of this feature
+    validations:
+      required: false
+  - type: textarea
+    attributes:
+      label: Summary of proposal
+      description: A clear and concise summary of your proposal
+    validations:
+      required: true
+  - type: textarea
+    attributes:
+      label: Pitch
+      description: |
+        Explain why this feature or enhancement should be implemented
+        and how it would be used.
+        Add examples, if applicable.
+
+        Put any code blocks inside triple backticks:
+
+        ```py
+        your code here
+        ```
+    validations:
+      required: true