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320 changes: 320 additions & 0 deletions maps/iso-ara-Arab-Latn-223-1-2021.imp
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metadata {
authority_id: iso
id: 233-1-2021
language: iso-639-2:ara
source_script: Arab
destination_script: Latn
name: ISO 233:1984 Documentation -- Transliteration of Arabic characters into Latin characters
url:
- https://www.iso.org/standard/4117.html
- http://transliteration.eki.ee/pdf/Arabic_2.2.pdf
- http://www.eki.ee/wgrs/rom1_ar.pdf
creation_date: 1984
confirmation_date: 2018-06
description: |
This part of ISO 233 is one of a series of International Standards, dealing
with the conversion of systems of writing. The aim of this part of ISO 233 and
others in the series is to provide a means for international communication of
written messages in a form which permits the automatic transmission and
reconstitution of these, by men or machines. The system of conversion, in this
case, must be univocal and entirely reversible to allow for retransliteration.
This means that consideration to phonetic and aesthetic matters or to certain
national customs is not a priority: all these considerations are, indeed,
ignored by the machine performing the function. This part of ISO 233 may be
used by anyone who has a clear understanding of the system and is certain that
it can be applied without ambiguity. The result obtained will not give a
correct pronunciation of the original text in a person’s own language, but it
will serve as a means of finding automatically the original graphism and thus
allow anyone who has knowledge of the original language to pronounce it
correctly. Similarly, one can only pronounce correctly a text written in, for
example, English or Polish, if one has a knowledge of English or Polish. The
adoption of this part of ISO 233 for international communication leaves every
country free to adopt for its own use a national standard which may be
different, on condition that it is compatible with this part of ISO 233. The
system proposed herein should make this possible and be acceptable to
international use if the graphisms it creates are such that they may be
converted automatically into the graphisms used in any strict national systems.
The adoption of national standards compatible with this part of ISO 233 will
permit the representation, in an international publication, of the morphemes of
each language according to the customs of the country where it is spoken. It
will be possible to simplify this representation in order to take into account
the number of the character sets available on different kinds of machines.
notes:
- |
The transliteration ISO 233:1984 WRT ara-arab-latn-2017 gives every character and diacritical mark a unique
equivalent and e.g. long vowels in Arabic ā, ī and ū are consequently written a’, iy and uw
respectively in the ISO transliteration. Other main correspondences
ث is ṯ instead of th
ج is ǧ instead of j
ح is ḥ instead of ẖ
خ is ẖ instead of kh
ذ is ḏ instead of dh
ش is š instead of sh
ص is ṣ instead of s̱
ض is ḍ instead of ḏ
ط is ṭ instead of ṯ
ظ is ẓ instead of d͟h
غ is ġ instead of gh
ة is ẗ instead of h/t
ى is ỳ
ـِي is iy instead of ī
ـُو is uw instead of ū
ـَا is a’ instead of ā
ـَى is aỳ instead of á
}

tests {
test "مِصر", "Miṣr"
test "قَطَر", "Qaṭar"
test "الجُمهُورِيَّة العِرَاقِيَّة", "Al Ǧumhuwriyaẗ al ‘Ira’qiyaẗ"
test "جُمهُورِيَّة مِصر العَرَبِيَّة", "Ǧumhuwriyaẗ Miṣr al ‘Arabiyaẗ"
test "الرِيَاض", "Ar Riya’ḍ"
test "الشارِقة", "Aš Šâriqaẗ"
}

stage {

# CHARACTERS
parallel {




# See note B
sub boundary + "\u0627\u0644", "al " # ال
# '\uFE8E' : '' # ﺎ



sub "\u0627", "’" # ا
sub "\u0622", "’â" # آ
sub "\u0621", maybe("`") # ء# see note A

sub "\u0623", "'" # أ
sub "\u0624", "'" # ؤ
sub "\u0626", "’" # ئ

sub "\u0628", "b" # ب
sub "\uFE91", "b" # ﺑ
sub "\uFE92", "b" # ﺒ
sub "\uFE90", "b" # ﺐ

# See note C
sub "\u062a", "t" # ت
sub "\ufe97", "t" # ﺗ
sub "\ufe98", "t" # ﺘ
sub "\ufe96", "t" # ﺖ

sub "\u062b", "ṯ" # ث
sub "\ufe9b", "ṯ" # ﺛ
sub "\ufe9c", "ṯ" # ﺜ
sub "\ufe9a", "ṯ" # ﺚ

sub "\u062c", "ǧ" # ج
sub "\ufe9f", "ǧ" # ﺟ
sub "\ufea0", "ǧ" # ﺠ
sub "\ufe9e", "ǧ" # ﺞ

sub "\u062d", "ḥ" # ح
sub "\ufea3", "ḥ" # ﺣ
sub "\ufea4", "ḥ" # ﺤ
sub "\ufea2", "ḥ" # ﺢ

sub "\u062e", "ẖ" # خ
sub "\ufea7", "ẖ" # ﺧ
sub "\ufea8", "ẖ" # ﺨ
sub "\ufea6", "ẖ" # ﺦ

sub "\u062f", "d" # د
sub "\ufeaa", "d" # ﺪ

sub "\u0630", "ḏ" # ذ
sub "\ufeac", "ḏ" # ﺬ

sub "\u0631", "r" # ر
sub "\ufeae", "r" # ﺮ

sub "\u0632", "z" # ز
sub "\ufeb0", "z" # ﺰ

sub "\u0633", "s" # س
sub "\ufeb3", "s" # ﺳ
sub "\ufeb4", "s" # ﺴ
sub "\ufeb2", "s" # ﺲ

sub "\u0634", "š" # ش
sub "\ufeb7", "š" # ﺷ
sub "\ufeb8", "š" # ﺸ
sub "\ufeb6", "š" # ﺶ

sub "\u0635", "ṣ" # ص
sub "\ufebb", "ṣ" # ﺻ
sub "\ufebc", "ṣ" # ﺼ
sub "\ufeba", "ṣ" # ﺺ

sub "\u0636", "ḍ" # ض
sub "\ufebf", "ḍ" # ﺿ
sub "\ufec0", "ḍ" # ﻀ
sub "\ufebe", "ḍ" # ﺾ

sub "\u0637", "ṭ" # ط
sub "\ufec3", "ṭ" # ﻃ
sub "\ufec4", "ṭ" # ﻄ
sub "\ufec2", "ṭ" # ﻂ

sub "\u0638", "ẓ" # ظ
sub "\ufec7", "ẓ" # ﻇ
sub "\ufec8", "ẓ" # ﻈ
sub "\ufec6", "ẓ" # ﻆ

sub "\u0639", "‘" # ع
sub "\ufecb", "‘" # ﻋ
sub "\ufecc", "‘" # ﻌ
sub "\ufeca", "‘" # ﻊ

sub "\u063a", "ġ" # غ
sub "\ufecf", "ġ" # ﻏ
sub "\ufed0", "ġ" # ﻐ
sub "\ufece", "ġ" # ﻎ

sub "\u0641", "f" # ف
sub "\ufed3", "f" # ﻓ
sub "\ufed4", "f" # ﻔ
sub "\ufed2", "f" # ﻒ

sub "\u0642", "q" # ق
sub "\ufed7", "q" # ﻗ
sub "\ufed8", "q" # ﻘ
sub "\ufed6", "q" # ﻖ

sub "\u0643", "k" # ك
sub "\ufedb", "k" # ﻛ
sub "\ufedc", "k" # ﻜ
sub "\ufeda", "k" # ﻚ

sub "\u0644", "l" # ل
sub "\ufedf", "l" # ﻟ
sub "\ufee0", "l" # ﻠ
sub "\ufede", "l" # ﻞ

sub "\u0645", "m" # م
sub "\ufee3", "m" # ﻣ
sub "\ufee4", "m" # ﻤ
sub "\ufee2", "m" # ﻢ

sub "\u0646", "n" # ن
sub "\ufee7", "n" # ﻧ
sub "\ufee8", "n" # ﻨ
sub "\ufee6", "n" # ﻦ

# See note C
sub "\u0647", "h" # ه
sub "\ufeeb", "h" # ﻫ
sub "\ufeec", "h" # ﻬ
sub "\ufeea", "h" # ﻪ

sub "\u0648", "w" # و
sub "\ufeee", "w" # ﻮ

sub "\u064a", "y" # ي
sub "\ufef3", "y" # ﻳ
sub "\ufef4", "y" # ﻴ
sub "\ufef1", "y" # ﻱ

sub "\u0649", "ỳ" # ى

# pointing
sub "\u064e", "a" # َ fatha
sub "\u064e", "", after: "\u0629" # َ fatha followed by ta' marboota
sub "\u064e\u0627", "a’" # ـَا fatha followed by ا
sub "\u064b", "á" # ً
sub "\u064b\u0627", "á’" # ـًا
sub "\u0670", "ā" # '
sub "\u064e\u0649", "aỳ" # ـَى fatha followed by ى which is ا not ي
sub "\u0649\u0670", "āỳ" # ى'
sub "\u0649\u0670", "áỳ" # ىً

sub "\u064f", "u" # ُ damma
sub "\u064f\u0648", "uw" # ـُو damma followed by و
sub "\u064c", "ú" # ٌ
sub "\u064e\u0648\u0652", "aw°" # ـَوْ

sub "\u0650", "i" # ِ kasra
sub "\u0650\u064a", "iy" # ـِي kasra followed by ي
sub "\u064d", "í" # ٍ
sub "\u064e\u064a\u0652", "ay°" # ـَيْ
sub "\u0650\u064a\u0651\u064e", "iy" # ـِيَّ

sub "\u0650\u064a", "iy", after: any("\u064e\u064f") # ـِي kasra followed by ي
sub "\u0652", "°" # ْ sokoon, see note A below
sub "\u0651", "̄" # ّ shadda
sub "\u0671", "ˆ" # ‫ٱ‬ hamzat wasl


sub "\u060C", "," # ،
sub "\u061B", ";" # ‫؛‬
sub "\u061F", "?" # ؟

sub "\u0660", "0"
sub "\u0661", "1"
sub "\u0662", "2"
sub "\u0663", "3"
sub "\u0664", "4"
sub "\u0665", "5"
sub "\u0666", "6"
sub "\u0667", "7"
sub "\u0668", "8"
sub "\u0669", "9"


# special pointed letters
sub "\u0639\u064e", "‘a" # عَ
sub "\u0639\u0650", "‘i" # عِ
sub "\u0639\u064f", "‘ū" # عُ
# handle MacOS regex difference
sub "\u0639\u064f\u0648", "‘ū" # عُو damma followed by و


# Sun letters

sub boundary + "\u0627\u0644\u062a" + maybe("\u0651"), "at t" # الت
sub boundary + "\u0627\u0644\u062b" + maybe("\u0651"), "aṯ ṯ" # الث
sub boundary + "\u0627\u0644\u062f" + maybe("\u0651"), "ad d" # الد
sub boundary + "\u0627\u0644\u0630" + maybe("\u0651"), "aḏ ḏ" # الذ
sub boundary + "\u0627\u0644\u0631" + maybe("\u0651"), "ar r" # الر
sub boundary + "\u0627\u0644\u0632" + maybe("\u0651"), "az z" # الز
sub boundary + "\u0627\u0644\u0633" + maybe("\u0651"), "as s" # الس
sub boundary + "\u0627\u0644\u0634" + maybe("\u0651"), "aš š" # الش
sub boundary + "\u0627\u0644\u0635" + maybe("\u0651"), "aṣ ṣ" # الص
sub boundary + "\u0627\u0644\u0636" + maybe("\u0651"), "aḍ ḍ" # الض
sub boundary + "\u0627\u0644\u0637" + maybe("\u0651"), "aṭ ṭ" # الط
sub boundary + "\u0627\u0644\u0638" + maybe("\u0651"), "aẓ ẓ" # الظ
sub boundary + "\u0627\u0644\u0644" + maybe("\u0651"), "al l" # الل
sub boundary + "\u0627\u0644\u0646" + maybe("\u0651"), "an n" # الن

# ta' marboota in iso-233-1984 is all the same `aẗ`
sub "\u0629", "aẗ" # ة in the middle of the sentence


}

# POSTRULES
sub any("\u0061".."\uFFFF"), upcase, before: boundary, not_before: boundary + any("‘’'")
# don't capitalize defined article in the middle of a sentence
sub " At T", " at T" # الت
sub " Aṯ Ṯ", " aṯ Ṯ" # الث
sub " Ad D", " ad D" # الد
sub " Aḏ Ḏ", " aḏ Ḏ" # الذ
sub " Ar R", " ar R" # الر
sub " Az Z", " az Z" # الز
sub " As S", " as S" # الس
sub " Aš Š", " aš Š" # الش
sub " Aṣ Ṣ", " aṣ Ṣ" # الص
sub " Aḍ Ḍ", " aḍ Ḍ" # الض
sub " Aṭ Ṭ", " aṭ Ṭ" # الط
sub " Aẓ Ẓ", " aẓ Ẓ" # الظ
sub " Al L", " al L" # الل
sub " An N", " an N" # الن
sub " Al ", " al " # ال

}