programming_problem_solving

Programming and Problem Solving

Java 21 Programming Textbook Outline with Detailed Subsections and Themes

Chapter 1: "Hello, Java! Your First Cup of Code"

Theme: The Avengers' JARVIS System - Building Tony Stark's AI Assistant

1.1 The Java Story: From Oak to Everywhere

1.1.1 James Gosling and the Green Team
1.1.2 From Set-Top Boxes to the Internet
1.1.3 "Write Once, Run Anywhere" Philosophy
1.1.4 Java's Evolution Through Versions

1.2 Why Java Still Matters in Modern Programming

1.2.1 Enterprise Applications and Android
1.2.2 Platform Independence
1.2.3 Strong Type Safety and Security
1.2.4 Massive Ecosystem and Community

1.3 Setting Up Your Development Environment

1.3.1 Downloading and Installing JDK 21
1.3.2 Setting JAVA_HOME and PATH Variables
1.3.3 Verifying Your Installation
1.3.4 Choosing a Text Editor or IDE

1.4 Understanding the JDK, JRE, and JVM Trinity

1.4.1 JVM: The Magic Box That Runs Java
1.4.2 JRE: Runtime Environment Components
1.4.3 JDK: Developer Tools and Compilers
1.4.4 How They Work Together

1.5 Your First Java Program: Beyond "Hello World"

1.5.1 Creating JarvisGreeting.java
1.5.2 The main Method: Program Entry Point
1.5.3 System.out.println Explained
1.5.4 Adding User Input with Scanner

1.6 Anatomy of a Java Program

1.6.1 Package Declarations
1.6.2 Import Statements
1.6.3 Class Definitions
1.6.4 Comments and Documentation

1.7 Compiling and Running Java Code

1.7.1 The javac Compiler
1.7.2 Understanding Bytecode
1.7.3 The java Command
1.7.4 Classpath and Package Structure

1.8 Common Beginner Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

1.8.1 Missing Semicolons and Braces
1.8.2 Case Sensitivity Issues
1.8.3 File Name vs. Class Name Mismatches
1.8.4 Forgetting public static void main

1.9 Using an IDE vs. Command Line

1.9.1 IntelliJ IDEA Setup and Features
1.9.2 Eclipse and VS Code Alternatives
1.9.3 IDE Debugging Tools
1.9.4 When to Use Command Line

1.10 Java 21's New Features Preview

1.10.1 Virtual Threads Teaser
1.10.2 Pattern Matching Improvements
1.10.3 String Templates Preview
1.10.4 What's Coming Next

Chapter 2: "Variables and Data Types: The Building Blocks of Reality"

Theme: TMNT Pizza Restaurant - Managing Orders and Inventory

2.1 Primitive Data Types: The Atoms of Java

2.1.1 byte and short: Small Numbers for Pizza Slices
2.1.2 int: Counting Pizzas and Customers
2.1.3 long: Tracking Total Sales
2.1.4 float and double: Prices and Measurements

2.2 Variables: Naming and Taming Your Data

2.2.1 Variable Declaration and Initialization
2.2.2 Naming Conventions: camelCase Rules
2.2.3 Meaningful Names: pizzaCount vs. p
2.2.4 Variable Scope and Lifetime

2.3 Type Inference with var (Java 10+)

2.3.1 When to Use var
2.3.2 var Limitations and Restrictions
2.3.3 Readability Considerations
2.3.4 var with Collections and Loops

2.4 Constants and the final Keyword

2.4.1 Defining Pizza Sizes as Constants
2.4.2 final Variables vs. final Methods
2.4.3 Static Final Constants
2.4.4 Naming Constants: UPPER_SNAKE_CASE

2.5 Type Casting and Conversion Magic

2.5.1 Implicit Casting: Widening
2.5.2 Explicit Casting: Narrowing
2.5.3 Casting Between Numeric Types
2.5.4 Loss of Precision Warnings

2.6 Numeric Literals and Underscores

2.6.1 Binary, Octal, and Hexadecimal
2.6.2 Using Underscores for Readability
2.6.3 Scientific Notation
2.6.4 Literal Type Suffixes (L, F, D)

2.7 Working with Characters and Unicode

2.7.1 char Type and Single Quotes
2.7.2 Unicode Escape Sequences
2.7.3 Special Characters (\n, \t, \)
2.7.4 Character Arithmetic

2.8 Boolean Logic: True, False, and Nothing In Between

2.8.1 boolean Variables for Pizza Availability
2.8.2 Logical Operators: &&, ||, !
2.8.3 Short-Circuit Evaluation
2.8.4 Boolean Expressions in Conditions

2.9 Null: The Billion Dollar Mistake?

2.9.1 What null Means in Java
2.9.2 NullPointerException: The Common Enemy
2.9.3 Checking for null Values
2.9.4 Alternatives to null

2.10 Memory Management Basics

2.10.1 Stack vs. Heap Memory
2.10.2 Primitive Types in Memory
2.10.3 Garbage Collection Preview
2.10.4 Memory Efficiency Tips

Chapter 3: "Control Flow: Teaching Your Program to Make Decisions"

Theme: Mario's Plumbing Business - Scheduling and Routing Decisions

3.1 If-Else Statements: The Fork in the Road

3.1.1 Basic if Statement Structure
3.1.2 if-else: Choosing Between Paths
3.1.3 else if: Multiple Conditions
3.1.4 Nested if Statements for Complex Routing

3.2 Switch Expressions: Java's Swiss Army Knife (Enhanced in Java 14+)

3.2.1 Traditional switch Statements
3.2.2 Switch Expressions with Arrow Syntax
3.2.3 Yield Keyword for Complex Cases
3.2.4 No Fall-Through Behavior

3.3 Pattern Matching in Switch (Java 21 Feature)

3.3.1 Type Patterns in Switch
3.3.2 Guarded Patterns with when
3.3.3 Pattern Variables
3.3.4 Exhaustiveness Checking

3.4 The Ternary Operator: Compact Conditions

3.4.1 Basic Ternary Syntax
3.4.2 When to Use Ternary vs. if-else
3.4.3 Nested Ternary Operations
3.4.4 Readability Considerations

3.5 While Loops: Repeat Until Done

3.5.1 while Loop Structure
3.5.2 Loop Control Variables
3.5.3 Infinite Loops and How to Avoid Them
3.5.4 While Loops for User Input Validation

3.6 For Loops: Counting Made Easy

3.6.1 Classic For Loop Anatomy
3.6.2 Loop Variable Initialization
3.6.3 Multiple Variables in For Loops
3.6.4 For Loop Best Practices

3.7 Enhanced For-Each Loops

3.7.1 Iterating Over Arrays
3.7.2 For-Each with Collections
3.7.3 Read-Only Nature of For-Each
3.7.4 When to Use For-Each vs. Traditional For

3.8 Do-While: Act First, Think Later

3.8.1 do-while Structure
3.8.2 Guaranteed First Execution
3.8.3 Menu-Driven Programs
3.8.4 Input Validation Patterns

3.9 Break, Continue, and Labels

3.9.1 break: Emergency Exit
3.9.2 continue: Skip to Next Iteration
3.9.3 Labeled Breaks for Nested Loops
3.9.4 When Labels Are Appropriate

3.10 Nested Loops and Performance Considerations

3.10.1 Two-Dimensional Iterations
3.10.2 Time Complexity Basics
3.10.3 Optimizing Nested Loops
3.10.4 Alternative Approaches

Chapter 4: "Arrays and Collections: Herding Cats (and Other Data)"

Theme: Dorothy's Travel Agency - Managing Tours, Destinations, and Bookings

4.1 Arrays: Your First Data Structure

4.1.1 Declaring and Creating Arrays
4.1.2 Array Initialization Techniques
4.1.3 Accessing Array Elements
4.1.4 Array Length and Bounds Checking

4.2 Multidimensional Arrays: Thinking in Grids

4.2.1 2D Arrays for Seating Charts
4.2.2 Jagged Arrays
4.2.3 3D and Higher Dimensions
4.2.4 Iterating Through Multidimensional Arrays

4.3 The Arrays Utility Class

4.3.1 Arrays.sort() for Destinations
4.3.2 Arrays.binarySearch()
4.3.3 Arrays.equals() and Arrays.deepEquals()
4.3.4 Arrays.fill() and Arrays.copyOf()

4.4 Introduction to the Collections Framework

4.4.1 Collection Interface Hierarchy
4.4.2 Generics Basics
4.4.3 Autoboxing and Unboxing
4.4.4 Common Collection Operations

4.5 Lists: ArrayList vs. LinkedList

4.5.1 ArrayList for Tour Participants
4.5.2 LinkedList for Itineraries
4.5.3 Performance Characteristics
4.5.4 Choosing the Right List Implementation

4.6 Sets: Keeping Things Unique

4.6.1 HashSet for Unique Destinations
4.6.2 TreeSet for Sorted Collections
4.6.3 LinkedHashSet for Ordered Uniqueness
4.6.4 Set Operations: Union, Intersection

4.7 Maps: Key-Value Pairs for the Win

4.7.1 HashMap for Booking References
4.7.2 TreeMap for Sorted Mappings
4.7.3 Map Methods: put, get, remove
4.7.4 Iterating Over Maps

4.8 Queues and Deques: First In, First Out

4.8.1 Queue for Booking Requests
4.8.2 PriorityQueue for VIP Processing
4.8.3 Deque as Stack and Queue
4.8.4 ArrayDeque vs. LinkedList

4.9 Choosing the Right Collection

4.9.1 Performance Characteristics Table
4.9.2 Memory Overhead Considerations
4.9.3 Thread Safety Requirements
4.9.4 Decision Tree for Collection Selection

4.10 Immutable Collections (Java 9+)

4.10.1 List.of() and Set.of()
4.10.2 Map.of() and Map.ofEntries()
4.10.3 Benefits of Immutability
4.10.4 Converting Mutable to Immutable

Chapter 5: "Methods and Functional Thinking: Breaking Down Problems"

Theme: Hogwarts School Management System - Spells as Methods

5.1 Method Basics: Input, Process, Output

5.1.1 Method Signature Components
5.1.2 Access Modifiers for Methods
5.1.3 Return Types and void
5.1.4 Method Body and Logic

5.2 Parameters and Arguments: Passing the Torch

5.2.1 Formal Parameters vs. Actual Arguments
5.2.2 Pass-by-Value in Java
5.2.3 Passing Objects and References
5.2.4 Parameter Validation

5.3 Return Types and void Methods

5.3.1 Returning Primitive Values
5.3.2 Returning Objects
5.3.3 Multiple Exit Points
5.3.4 void Methods for Side Effects

5.4 Method Overloading: Same Name, Different Game

5.4.1 Overloading Rules and Restrictions
5.4.2 Parameter Type Differences
5.4.3 Parameter Count Variations
5.4.4 Overloading Best Practices

5.5 Varargs: Flexible Parameter Lists

5.5.1 Varargs Syntax (Type... args)
5.5.2 Combining Regular and Varargs Parameters
5.5.3 Varargs Under the Hood
5.5.4 When to Use Varargs

5.6 Recursion: Methods Calling Themselves

5.6.1 Base Case and Recursive Case
5.6.2 Stack Overflow Dangers
5.6.3 Tail Recursion Optimization
5.6.4 Recursion vs. Iteration

5.7 Static vs. Instance Methods

5.7.1 When to Use Static Methods
5.7.2 Utility Classes and Static Methods
5.7.3 Instance Method Access to Fields
5.7.4 Method References to Static Methods

5.8 Method References (Java 8+)

5.8.1 Four Types of Method References
5.8.2 Constructor References
5.8.3 Instance Method References
5.8.4 Method References vs. Lambdas

5.9 Local Methods and Scoping

5.9.1 Method-Local Variables
5.9.2 Variable Shadowing
5.9.3 Block Scope
5.9.4 Effectively Final Variables

5.10 Best Practices for Method Design

5.10.1 Single Responsibility Principle
5.10.2 Method Length Guidelines
5.10.3 Naming Conventions
5.10.4 Documentation with Javadoc

Chapter 6: "Objects and Classes: Building Your Own Universe"

Theme: Pokemon Training Center - Creatures as Objects

6.1 Object-Oriented Thinking: From Procedures to Objects

6.1.1 Real-World Modeling
6.1.2 State and Behavior
6.1.3 Objects vs. Classes
6.1.4 Benefits of OOP

6.2 Creating Your First Class

6.2.1 Class Declaration Syntax
6.2.2 File Organization
6.2.3 Package Declarations
6.2.4 Import Statements in Classes

6.3 Fields and Instance Variables

6.3.1 Declaring Instance Variables
6.3.2 Default Values for Fields
6.3.3 Field Initialization
6.3.4 Instance vs. Local Variables

6.4 Constructors: Object Birth Certificates

6.4.1 Default Constructor
6.4.2 Parameterized Constructors
6.4.3 Constructor Overloading
6.4.4 Constructor Chaining with this()

6.5 The this Keyword: Self-Reference

6.5.1 Disambiguating Field Names
6.5.2 Passing Current Object
6.5.3 Method Chaining Pattern
6.5.4 this in Constructors

6.6 Access Modifiers: Public, Private, and Friends

6.6.1 private: Internal Only
6.6.2 public: Open to All
6.6.3 protected: Family Access
6.6.4 Package-Private (Default)

6.7 Getters, Setters, and Encapsulation

6.7.1 Why Hide Fields
6.7.2 Getter Method Conventions
6.7.3 Setter Method Validation
6.7.4 Read-Only and Write-Only Properties

6.8 Static Members: Shared Among All

6.8.1 Static Fields for Shared Data
6.8.2 Static Methods
6.8.3 Static Initialization Blocks
6.8.4 Static Import Statements

6.9 Record Classes: Data Carriers Made Easy (Java 14+)

6.9.1 Record Syntax and Components
6.9.2 Automatic Methods
6.9.3 Compact Constructors
6.9.4 When to Use Records

6.10 Sealed Classes: Controlling Inheritance (Java 17+)

6.10.1 Sealed Class Declaration
6.10.2 Permitted Subclasses
6.10.3 Sealed Interfaces
6.10.4 Design Benefits

Chapter 7: "Inheritance and Polymorphism: Standing on the Shoulders of Giants"

Theme: Superhero Academy - Heroes Inheriting Powers

7.1 Inheritance: Like Parent, Like Child

7.1.1 The "is-a" Relationship
7.1.2 Inheritance Hierarchy
7.1.3 Single Inheritance in Java
7.1.4 Object as Universal Parent

7.2 The extends Keyword and Class Hierarchies

7.2.1 Extending a Base Class
7.2.2 Inherited Members
7.2.3 What's Not Inherited
7.2.4 Multi-Level Inheritance

7.3 Method Overriding: Doing It Your Way

7.3.1 @Override Annotation
7.3.2 Overriding Rules
7.3.3 Covariant Return Types
7.3.4 Cannot Override final Methods

7.4 The super Keyword: Calling Parent Code

7.4.1 super in Constructors
7.4.2 Calling Parent Methods
7.4.3 Accessing Parent Fields
7.4.4 Constructor Chaining with super()

7.5 Abstract Classes: Templates for the Future

7.5.1 abstract Keyword
7.5.2 Abstract Methods
7.5.3 Concrete Methods in Abstract Classes
7.5.4 When to Use Abstract Classes

7.6 Interfaces: Contracts and Capabilities

7.6.1 Interface Declaration
7.6.2 Implementing Interfaces
7.6.3 Multiple Interface Implementation
7.6.4 Interface Constants

7.7 Default and Static Interface Methods (Java 8+)

7.7.1 Default Method Syntax
7.7.2 Resolving Default Method Conflicts
7.7.3 Static Interface Methods
7.7.4 Private Interface Methods (Java 9+)

7.8 Multiple Inheritance Through Interfaces

7.8.1 Diamond Problem Avoidance
7.8.2 Interface Inheritance
7.8.3 Combining Multiple Behaviors
7.8.4 Marker Interfaces

7.9 Polymorphism: Many Forms, One Interface

7.9.1 Compile-Time vs. Runtime Types
7.9.2 Method Dispatch
7.9.3 Polymorphic Arrays and Collections
7.9.4 Benefits of Polymorphism

7.10 The instanceof Operator and Pattern Matching (Java 16+)

7.10.1 Traditional instanceof
7.10.2 Pattern Matching instanceof
7.10.3 Pattern Variables
7.10.4 Combining with Control Flow

Chapter 8: "Exception Handling: When Things Go Wrong (And They Will)"

Theme: Space Station Management - Handling System Failures

8.1 Understanding Exceptions: Errors vs. Exceptions

8.1.1 The Throwable Hierarchy
8.1.2 Error vs. Exception
8.1.3 When Exceptions Occur
8.1.4 Stack Traces

8.2 Try-Catch Blocks: Expecting the Unexpected

8.2.1 Basic try-catch Syntax
8.2.2 Catching Specific Exceptions
8.2.3 Multiple catch Blocks
8.2.4 Multi-catch with | (Java 7+)

8.3 The Exception Hierarchy

8.3.1 Common Runtime Exceptions
8.3.2 Common Checked Exceptions
8.3.3 Exception Inheritance
8.3.4 Catching Parent vs. Child

8.4 Throwing Exceptions: Passing the Problem

8.4.1 throw Statement
8.4.2 throws Declaration
8.4.3 Rethrowing Exceptions
8.4.4 Exception Wrapping

8.5 Checked vs. Unchecked Exceptions

8.5.1 Compile-Time Checking
8.5.2 RuntimeException Family
8.5.3 Handling Requirements
8.5.4 Design Considerations

8.6 The finally Block: Always Runs

8.6.1 finally Syntax
8.6.2 Resource Cleanup
8.6.3 finally vs. catch
8.6.4 Return in finally

8.7 Try-with-Resources: Automatic Cleanup (Java 7+)

8.7.1 AutoCloseable Interface
8.7.2 Resource Declaration
8.7.3 Multiple Resources
8.7.4 Suppressed Exceptions

8.8 Creating Custom Exceptions

8.8.1 Extending Exception Classes
8.8.2 Custom Exception Fields
8.8.3 Constructor Patterns
8.8.4 When to Create Custom Exceptions

8.9 Exception Chaining and Suppressed Exceptions

8.9.1 Cause Chain
8.9.2 initCause() Method
8.9.3 getSuppressed() Method
8.9.4 Debugging with Chains

8.10 Best Practices: When to Catch, When to Throw

8.10.1 Catch Early or Late?
8.10.2 Logging Exceptions
8.10.3 User-Friendly Error Messages
8.10.4 Exception Performance

Chapter 9: "Strings and Text: Mastering the Written Word"

Theme: Wizard's Library - Spell Books and Magical Texts

9.1 String Basics: Immutable Text

9.1.1 String Literal Pool
9.1.2 String Object Creation
9.1.3 Immutability Benefits
9.1.4 String Interning

9.2 String Methods: Slicing and Dicing

9.2.1 length(), charAt(), substring()
9.2.2 indexOf(), lastIndexOf()
9.2.3 toUpperCase(), toLowerCase()
9.2.4 trim(), strip() (Java 11+)

9.3 StringBuilder: When Performance Matters

9.3.1 Mutable String Building
9.3.2 append() Methods
9.3.3 insert(), delete(), reverse()
9.3.4 StringBuffer vs. StringBuilder

9.4 String Formatting: printf and format

9.4.1 Format Specifiers
9.4.2 Width and Precision
9.4.3 Date and Time Formatting
9.4.4 Locale-Specific Formatting

9.5 Text Blocks: Multi-line Strings Made Easy (Java 15+)

9.5.1 Triple-Quote Syntax
9.5.2 Incidental Whitespace
9.5.3 Escape Sequences in Text Blocks
9.5.4 Text Block Methods

9.6 Regular Expressions: Pattern Matching Power

9.6.1 Pattern and Matcher Classes
9.6.2 Common Regex Patterns
9.6.3 Capturing Groups
9.6.4 String split() and replaceAll()

9.7 String Templates (Preview in Java 21)

9.7.1 Template Expression Syntax
9.7.2 Template Processors
9.7.3 Custom Processors
9.7.4 Security Benefits

9.8 Character Encoding and Unicode

9.8.1 UTF-8 and UTF-16
9.8.2 Charset Class
9.8.3 Encoding and Decoding
9.8.4 Handling Different Encodings

9.9 Comparing Strings: equals() vs. ==

9.9.1 Reference vs. Value Equality
9.9.2 equalsIgnoreCase()
9.9.3 compareTo() for Ordering
9.9.4 Null-Safe Comparisons

9.10 String Pool and Memory Optimization

9.10.1 How String Pool Works
9.10.2 intern() Method
9.10.3 Memory Implications
9.10.4 Performance Considerations

Chapter 10: "Modern Java Features: Lambda Expressions and Streams"

Theme: Music Festival Organizer - Processing Playlists and Artists

10.1 Lambda Expressions: Functions as First-Class Citizens

10.1.1 Lambda Syntax Basics
10.1.2 Type Inference in Lambdas
10.1.3 Capturing Variables
10.1.4 Lambda vs. Anonymous Classes

10.2 Functional Interfaces: One Method to Rule Them All

10.2.1 @FunctionalInterface Annotation
10.2.2 Built-in Functional Interfaces
10.2.3 Function, Consumer, Supplier, Predicate
10.2.4 Creating Custom Functional Interfaces

10.3 The Stream API: Functional Data Processing

10.3.1 Creating Streams from Collections
10.3.2 Stream Pipeline Concept
10.3.3 Lazy Evaluation
10.3.4 Stream vs. Collection

10.4 Creating and Using Streams

10.4.1 Stream.of() and Arrays.stream()
10.4.2 Infinite Streams
10.4.3 Stream.Builder
10.4.4 Files and I/O Streams

10.5 Intermediate Operations: filter, map, flatMap

10.5.1 Filtering Festival Artists
10.5.2 Mapping Song Durations
10.5.3 FlatMap for Nested Data
10.5.4 distinct(), sorted(), limit()

10.6 Terminal Operations: collect, reduce, forEach

10.6.1 Collecting to Lists and Sets
10.6.2 Reducing to Single Values
10.6.3 forEach vs. Traditional Loops
10.6.4 Finding and Matching

10.7 Parallel Streams: Multicore Processing

10.7.1 parallelStream() Method
10.7.2 When to Use Parallel Streams
10.7.3 Thread Safety Concerns
10.7.4 Performance Considerations

10.8 Optional: Dealing with Absence

10.8.1 Creating Optional Values
10.8.2 isPresent() and isEmpty()
10.8.3 map() and flatMap() on Optional
10.8.4 orElse() and orElseThrow()

10.9 Collectors: Advanced Stream Processing

10.9.1 groupingBy() for Categorization
10.9.2 partitioningBy() for Binary Split
10.9.3 joining() Strings
10.9.4 Custom Collectors

10.10 Performance Considerations with Streams

10.10.1 Stream Overhead
10.10.2 Primitive Streams
10.10.3 Short-Circuiting Operations
10.10.4 Benchmarking Streams

Chapter 11: "Concurrency: Juggling Multiple Tasks Without Dropping the Ball"

Theme: Restaurant Kitchen Simulator - Multiple Chefs Working Together

11.1 Threads: The Basics of Concurrent Execution

11.1.1 What is a Thread?
11.1.2 Main Thread
11.1.3 Thread vs. Process
11.1.4 Benefits of Multithreading

11.2 Creating Threads: Runnable and Thread

11.2.1 Extending Thread Class
11.2.2 Implementing Runnable
11.2.3 Lambda Expressions with Runnable
11.2.4 Starting and Naming Threads

11.3 Thread Lifecycle and States

11.3.1 NEW, RUNNABLE, BLOCKED
11.3.2 WAITING, TIMED_WAITING
11.3.3 TERMINATED State
11.3.4 Thread State Transitions

11.4 Synchronization: Avoiding Race Conditions

11.4.1 synchronized Keyword
11.4.2 Synchronized Methods
11.4.3 Synchronized Blocks
11.4.4 Monitor Locks

11.5 Locks and Deadlocks

11.5.1 ReentrantLock Class
11.5.2 tryLock() Method
11.5.3 Deadlock Scenarios
11.5.4 Deadlock Prevention Strategies

11.6 The Executor Framework: Thread Pool Management

11.6.1 ExecutorService Interface
11.6.2 Fixed vs. Cached Thread Pools
11.6.3 ScheduledExecutorService
11.6.4 Shutting Down Executors

11.7 CompletableFuture: Asynchronous Programming

11.7.1 Creating CompletableFutures
11.7.2 Chaining Async Operations
11.7.3 Combining Multiple Futures
11.7.4 Exception Handling in Futures

11.8 Virtual Threads: Lightweight Concurrency (Java 21)

11.8.1 Virtual vs. Platform Threads
11.8.2 Creating Virtual Threads
11.8.3 Performance Benefits
11.8.4 Migration from Traditional Threads

11.9 Thread-Safe Collections

11.9.1 ConcurrentHashMap
11.9.2 CopyOnWriteArrayList
11.9.3 BlockingQueue Implementations
11.9.4 Concurrent Collection Performance

11.10 Common Concurrency Patterns and Pitfalls

11.10.1 Producer-Consumer Pattern
11.10.2 Reader-Writer Pattern
11.10.3 Thread-Local Storage
11.10.4 Common Mistakes to Avoid

Chapter 12: "Real-World Java: Building Complete Applications"

Theme: Startup Incubator - Building Various Business Applications

12.1 File I/O: Reading and Writing Data

12.1.1 File and Path Classes
12.1.2 Reading Files with Files Class
12.1.3 Writing and Appending
12.1.4 Directory Operations

12.2 Working with JSON and XML

12.2.1 JSON Libraries Overview
12.2.2 Parsing JSON Data
12.2.3 XML Processing Options
12.2.4 Data Binding Techniques

12.3 Database Connectivity with JDBC

12.3.1 JDBC Driver Setup
12.3.2 Connection Management
12.3.3 Prepared Statements
12.3.4 Result Set Processing

12.4 Building REST APIs

12.4.1 HTTP Basics Review
12.4.2 REST Principles
12.4.3 Simple HTTP Server (Java 18+)
12.4.4 JSON Response Handling

12.5 Unit Testing with JUnit

12.5.1 JUnit 5 Setup
12.5.2 Writing Test Methods
12.5.3 Assertions and Matchers
12.5.4 Test Lifecycle Methods

12.6 Dependency Management with Maven/Gradle

12.6.1 Project Structure
12.6.2 Dependency Declaration
12.6.3 Build Lifecycle
12.6.4 Publishing Artifacts

12.7 Logging and Debugging Techniques

12.7.1 Java Logging API
12.7.2 Log Levels and Configuration
12.7.3 Debugging with IDE
12.7.4 Remote Debugging

12.8 Performance Profiling and Optimization

12.8.1 JVM Monitoring Tools
12.8.2 Memory Profiling
12.8.3 CPU Profiling
12.8.4 Optimization Strategies

12.9 Packaging and Deploying Java Applications

12.9.1 Creating JAR Files
12.9.2 Executable JARs
12.9.3 Java Modules (JPMS)
12.9.4 Distribution Options

12.10 What's Next: Spring, Microservices, and Beyond

12.10.1 Spring Framework Overview
12.10.2 Microservices Architecture
12.10.3 Cloud Deployment
12.10.4 Continuing Your Java Journey

Additional Theme Ideas for Projects and Exercises:

Sherlock Holmes Detective Agency - Pattern matching and deduction systems
Jurassic Park Management - Inheritance hierarchies with dinosaurs
Star Wars Spaceship Fleet - Interfaces for different ship capabilities
Netflix Clone - Streaming and collection management
Pokemon Go Location Tracker - GPS and real-time updates
Minecraft Inventory System - Complex item management
Twitter/X Clone - Concurrent user interactions
Uber Ride Sharing - Real-time matching algorithms
Weather Station Network - Data collection and analysis
Stock Trading Platform - High-performance concurrent processing
Library Management System - Classic CRUD operations
Gaming Tournament Organizer - Bracket systems and scoring
Food Delivery Service - Order routing and optimization
Social Media Analytics - Stream processing of posts
Online Banking System - Security and transaction management

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
Latest commit History 375 Commits
java_autograde		java_autograde
Java_01_HelloWorld_Variables.ipynb		Java_01_HelloWorld_Variables.ipynb
Java_02_ControlStructures_Arrays.ipynb		Java_02_ControlStructures_Arrays.ipynb
Java_02_LanguageFunds.ipynb		Java_02_LanguageFunds.ipynb
Java_03_Algorithms_Functions.ipynb		Java_03_Algorithms_Functions.ipynb
Java_04_Functions.ipynb		Java_04_Functions.ipynb
README.md		README.md
java_01_intro.ipynb		java_01_intro.ipynb

brendanpshea/programming_problem_solving

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