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Install Debian GNU/Linux in VirtualBox

  1. Download & install VirtualBox

Debian's Installation Guide

  1. Download & mount Debian netinst ISO

    • VirtualBox Manager Menu Bar -> Machine -> New
      • Name: Debian
      • Memory size: 2048 MB
      • Check: Create a virtual hard disk now -> Create -> 16 GB -> VDI -> Check: Dynamically allocated -> Create
    • VirtualBox Manager -> right-click Debian -> Settings
      • Storage -> Controller: -> 💿 Empty -> Optical Drive 💿 Choose a disk file... -> debian-*-netinst.iso -> OK

  2. VirtualBox Manager -> double-click Debian

  3. LXDE (only) --> 1126 packages --> ~5 gigs to unpack & install

  4. Switch Virtual Terminals:

    • Installation details (console): CTRL+ALT+F4
    • Restore GUI view: ALT+F5

  5. Login as normal (non-root) user!

Desktop Settings

Desktop Resolution

  1. Desktop Taskbar Menu -> Preferences -> Monitor Settings -> 800x600 -> Apply & Save
  2. VirtualBox Menu Bar -> View -> Adjust Window Size

Arrangement & Colors

  • Taskbar Position:
    • right-click Desktop Taskbar -> Panel Settings -> Position Edge: Top
  • Look & Feel:
    • Desktop Taskbar Menu -> Preferences -> Customize Look and Feel -> Adwaita-dark -> Apply

Screensaver

  • Desktop Taskbar Menu -> Preferences -> Screensaver -> Mode: Disable Screen Saver
su -c "nano -w /etc/xdg/lxsession/LXDE/autostart"

## Comment out... ##
#@xscreensaver -no-splash

File Manager

  • Desktop Taskbar Menu -> System Tools -> File Manager PCManFM
    • PCManFM Menu Bar -> Edit -> Preferences
      • Uncheck: Move deleted files to "trash can" ...

LXTerminal

  • Create Desktop Shorcut:
    • Desktop Taskbar Menu -> System Tools -> right-click LXTerminal -> Add to desktop
  • Customize LXTerminal:
    • LXTerminal Menu Bar -> Edit -> Preferences
      • Terminal Font: Monospace Bold 18
      • Palette: Tango or Solarized Dark
      • Display -> Scrollback lines: 10000

Console Stuff

Add user

su -c "adduser username"

Add user to sudo

su -c "/sbin/usermod -aG sudo username"
  1. Desktop Taskbar Menu -> Logout -> Logout
  2. Then log back in...

Space available / utilized

df -h /dev/sda1

List installed packages

dpkg-query -l > ~/installed-packages.txt
  • PCManFM -> right-click "installed-packages.txt" -> Open With...
    • Check: Set selected application as default action ...
    • Accessories -> Mousepad -> OK

Expand repositories

sudo nano -w /etc/apt/sources.list
  1. Append contrib non-free to all entries
  2. CTRL+X -> Y -> ENTER

Update system

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade --show-upgraded [--with-new-pkgs]

Install some packages

sudo apt-get install chromium gimp inkscape keepassxc
sudo apt-get clean

Install VirtualBox Guest Additions

  • VirtualBox Menu Bar -> Devices -> Insert Guest Additions CD Image...
sudo apt-get install build-essential dkms linux-headers-$(uname -r)
sudo apt-get clean

mount /media/cdrom
cd /media/cdrom
sudo bash ./VBoxLinuxAdditions.run

## Other Kernels & Troubleshooting ##
/sbin/rcvboxadd quicksetup all #For all installed kernels
/sbin/rcvboxadd setup
less /var/log/vboxadd-setup.log
  • Desktop Taskbar Menu -> Logout -> Reboot

Synaptic Package Manager

  • Desktop Taskbar Menu -> Preferences -> Synaptic Package Manager
    • Synaptic Menu Bar -> Settings -> Preferences
      • Uncheck: Consider recommended packages as dependencies
      • Check: Apply changes in a terminal window
      • Files -> Check: Delete downloaded packages after installation
    • Click Reload in toolbar
    • Click Search in toolbar -> type nodejs -> Look in: Name (only) -> Search
      • right-click nodejs -> Mark for installation -> Mark
    • Click Apply in toolbar

Python + IDLE

sudo apt-get install idle3 python3-pip
sudo apt-get clean

To configure IDLE...

  • Desktop Taskbar Menu -> Programming -> IDLE
    • IDLE Menu Bar -> Options -> Configure IDLE
      • Font Size: 18 Bold
      • Highlights -> Highlighting Theme: IDLE Dark

To install / upgrade 3rd-party libraries...

pip3 install --upgrade pygame
pip3 cache purge

Completely Remove LibreOffice

sudo apt-get purge -s libreoffice*
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo apt-get clean

3D Video Acceleration

  • Desktop Taskbar Menu -> Logout -> Shutdown
  • VirtualBox Manager -> right-click Debian 11 -> Settings... -> Display
    • Video Memory: 128 MB
    • Graphics Controller: VMSVGA
    • Check: Enable 3D Acceleration
  • VirtualBox Manager -> double-click Debian 11
glxinfo | grep OpenGL
glxgears