diff --git a/mypy/checkexpr.py b/mypy/checkexpr.py
index eb585aba42df..b97c78cba2fc 100644
--- a/mypy/checkexpr.py
+++ b/mypy/checkexpr.py
@@ -4390,13 +4390,14 @@ def visit_super_expr(self, e: SuperExpr) -> Type:
             index = mro.index(type_info)
         else:
             method = self.chk.scope.top_function()
-            assert method is not None
             # Mypy explicitly allows supertype upper bounds (and no upper bound at all)
             # for annotating self-types. However, if such an annotation is used for
             # checking super() we will still get an error. So to be consistent, we also
             # allow such imprecise annotations for use with super(), where we fall back
-            # to the current class MRO instead.
-            if is_self_type_like(instance_type, is_classmethod=method.is_class):
+            # to the current class MRO instead. This works only from inside a method.
+            if method is not None and is_self_type_like(
+                instance_type, is_classmethod=method.is_class
+            ):
                 if e.info and type_info in e.info.mro:
                     mro = e.info.mro
                     index = mro.index(type_info)
diff --git a/test-data/unit/check-super.test b/test-data/unit/check-super.test
index 0913f4f25126..6537f563a99c 100644
--- a/test-data/unit/check-super.test
+++ b/test-data/unit/check-super.test
@@ -409,3 +409,10 @@ class B(A):
         reveal_type(super().foo())  # N: Revealed type is "T`-1"
         return super().foo()
 [builtins fixtures/classmethod.pyi]
+
+[case testWrongSuperOutsideMethodNoCrash]
+class B:
+    x: int
+class C1(B): ...
+class C2(B): ...
+super(C1, C2).x  # E: Argument 2 for "super" not an instance of argument 1