diff --git a/docs/userguide/extension.rst b/docs/userguide/extension.rst
index e1e37b5db1..ef5e33f3a8 100644
--- a/docs/userguide/extension.rst
+++ b/docs/userguide/extension.rst
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ a non-``None`` value.  Here's an example validation function::
         """Verify that value is True, False, 0, or 1"""
         if bool(value) != value:
             raise SetupError(
-                "%r must be a boolean value (got %r)" % (attr,value)
+                f"{attr!r} must be a boolean value (got {value!r}"
             )
 
 Your function should accept three arguments: the ``Distribution`` object,
diff --git a/pkg_resources/__init__.py b/pkg_resources/__init__.py
index 4e9b83d83d..8b88a6e379 100644
--- a/pkg_resources/__init__.py
+++ b/pkg_resources/__init__.py
@@ -205,7 +205,9 @@ def get_supported_platform():
     m = macosVersionString.match(plat)
     if m is not None and sys.platform == "darwin":
         try:
-            plat = 'macosx-%s-%s' % ('.'.join(_macos_vers()[:2]), m.group(3))
+            major_minor = '.'.join(_macos_vers()[:2])
+            build = m.group(3)
+            plat = f'macosx-{major_minor}-{build}'
         except ValueError:
             # not macOS
             pass
@@ -454,12 +456,8 @@ def get_build_platform():
     if sys.platform == "darwin" and not plat.startswith('macosx-'):
         try:
             version = _macos_vers()
-            machine = os.uname()[4].replace(" ", "_")
-            return "macosx-%d.%d-%s" % (
-                int(version[0]),
-                int(version[1]),
-                _macos_arch(machine),
-            )
+            machine = _macos_arch(os.uname()[4].replace(" ", "_"))
+            return f"macosx-{version[0]}.{version[1]}-{machine}"
         except ValueError:
             # if someone is running a non-Mac darwin system, this will fall
             # through to the default implementation
@@ -497,7 +495,7 @@ def compatible_platforms(provided: str | None, required: str | None) -> bool:
             provDarwin = darwinVersionString.match(provided)
             if provDarwin:
                 dversion = int(provDarwin.group(1))
-                macosversion = "%s.%s" % (reqMac.group(1), reqMac.group(2))
+                macosversion = f"{reqMac.group(1)}.{reqMac.group(2)}"
                 if (
                     dversion == 7
                     and macosversion >= "10.3"
@@ -1321,7 +1319,7 @@ def __iadd__(self, other: Distribution | Environment) -> Self:
                 for dist in other[project]:
                     self.add(dist)
         else:
-            raise TypeError("Can't add %r to environment" % (other,))
+            raise TypeError(f"Can't add {other!r} to environment")
         return self
 
     def __add__(self, other: Distribution | Environment) -> Self:
@@ -1704,7 +1702,7 @@ def get_metadata(self, name: str) -> str:
         except UnicodeDecodeError as exc:
             # Include the path in the error message to simplify
             # troubleshooting, and without changing the exception type.
-            exc.reason += ' in {} file at path: {}'.format(name, path)
+            exc.reason += f' in {name} file at path: {path}'
             raise
 
     def get_metadata_lines(self, name: str) -> Iterator[str]:
@@ -2023,7 +2021,7 @@ def _zipinfo_name(self, fspath):
             return ''
         if fspath.startswith(self.zip_pre):
             return fspath[len(self.zip_pre) :]
-        raise AssertionError("%s is not a subpath of %s" % (fspath, self.zip_pre))
+        raise AssertionError(f"{fspath} is not a subpath of {self.zip_pre}")
 
     def _parts(self, zip_path):
         # Convert a zipfile subpath into an egg-relative path part list.
@@ -2031,7 +2029,7 @@ def _parts(self, zip_path):
         fspath = self.zip_pre + zip_path
         if fspath.startswith(self.egg_root + os.sep):
             return fspath[len(self.egg_root) + 1 :].split(os.sep)
-        raise AssertionError("%s is not a subpath of %s" % (fspath, self.egg_root))
+        raise AssertionError(f"{fspath} is not a subpath of {self.egg_root}")
 
     @property
     def zipinfo(self):
@@ -2734,15 +2732,16 @@ def __init__(
         self.dist = dist
 
     def __str__(self) -> str:
-        s = "%s = %s" % (self.name, self.module_name)
+        s = f"{self.name} = {self.module_name}"
         if self.attrs:
             s += ':' + '.'.join(self.attrs)
         if self.extras:
-            s += ' [%s]' % ','.join(self.extras)
+            extras = ','.join(self.extras)
+            s += f' [{extras}]'
         return s
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return "EntryPoint.parse(%r)" % str(self)
+        return f"EntryPoint.parse({str(self)!r})"
 
     @overload
     def load(
@@ -3054,9 +3053,7 @@ def version(self):
             version = self._get_version()
             if version is None:
                 path = self._get_metadata_path_for_display(self.PKG_INFO)
-                msg = ("Missing 'Version:' header and/or {} file at path: {}").format(
-                    self.PKG_INFO, path
-                )
+                msg = f"Missing 'Version:' header and/or {self.PKG_INFO} file at path: {path}"
                 raise ValueError(msg, self) from e
 
             return version
@@ -3112,9 +3109,7 @@ def requires(self, extras: Iterable[str] = ()) -> list[Requirement]:
             try:
                 deps.extend(dm[safe_extra(ext)])
             except KeyError as e:
-                raise UnknownExtra(
-                    "%s has no such extra feature %r" % (self, ext)
-                ) from e
+                raise UnknownExtra(f"{self} has no such extra feature {ext!r}") from e
         return deps
 
     def _get_metadata_path_for_display(self, name):
@@ -3155,11 +3150,7 @@ def activate(self, path: list[str] | None = None, replace: bool = False) -> None
 
     def egg_name(self):
         """Return what this distribution's standard .egg filename should be"""
-        filename = "%s-%s-py%s" % (
-            to_filename(self.project_name),
-            to_filename(self.version),
-            self.py_version or PY_MAJOR,
-        )
+        filename = f"{to_filename(self.project_name)}-{to_filename(self.version)}-py{self.py_version or PY_MAJOR}"
 
         if self.platform:
             filename += '-' + self.platform
@@ -3167,7 +3158,7 @@ def egg_name(self):
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
         if self.location:
-            return "%s (%s)" % (self, self.location)
+            return f"{self} ({self.location})"
         else:
             return str(self)
 
@@ -3177,7 +3168,7 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
         except ValueError:
             version = None
         version = version or "[unknown version]"
-        return "%s %s" % (self.project_name, version)
+        return f"{self.project_name} {version}"
 
     def __getattr__(self, attr: str):
         """Delegate all unrecognized public attributes to .metadata provider"""
@@ -3205,9 +3196,9 @@ def from_filename(
     def as_requirement(self):
         """Return a ``Requirement`` that matches this distribution exactly"""
         if isinstance(self.parsed_version, packaging.version.Version):
-            spec = "%s==%s" % (self.project_name, self.parsed_version)
+            spec = f"{self.project_name}=={self.parsed_version}"
         else:
-            spec = "%s===%s" % (self.project_name, self.parsed_version)
+            spec = f"{self.project_name}==={self.parsed_version}"
 
         return Requirement.parse(spec)
 
@@ -3215,7 +3206,7 @@ def load_entry_point(self, group: str, name: str) -> _ResolvedEntryPoint:
         """Return the `name` entry point of `group` or raise ImportError"""
         ep = self.get_entry_info(group, name)
         if ep is None:
-            raise ImportError("Entry point %r not found" % ((group, name),))
+            raise ImportError(f"Entry point {(group, name)!r} not found")
         return ep.load()
 
     @overload
@@ -3332,8 +3323,8 @@ def check_version_conflict(self):
             ):
                 continue
             issue_warning(
-                "Module %s was already imported from %s, but %s is being added"
-                " to sys.path" % (modname, fn, self.location),
+                f"Module {modname} was already imported from {fn}, "
+                f"but {self.location} is being added to sys.path",
             )
 
     def has_version(self):
@@ -3517,7 +3508,7 @@ def __hash__(self) -> int:
         return self.__hash
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return "Requirement.parse(%r)" % str(self)
+        return f"Requirement.parse({str(self)!r})"
 
     @staticmethod
     def parse(s: str | Iterable[str]) -> Requirement:
diff --git a/pkg_resources/tests/test_pkg_resources.py b/pkg_resources/tests/test_pkg_resources.py
index 18adb3c9d2..d7670cdfba 100644
--- a/pkg_resources/tests/test_pkg_resources.py
+++ b/pkg_resources/tests/test_pkg_resources.py
@@ -214,8 +214,8 @@ def test_get_metadata__bad_utf8(tmpdir):
         "codec can't decode byte 0xe9 in position 1: "
         'invalid continuation byte in METADATA file at path: '
     )
-    assert expected in actual, 'actual: {}'.format(actual)
-    assert actual.endswith(metadata_path), 'actual: {}'.format(actual)
+    assert expected in actual, f'actual: {actual}'
+    assert actual.endswith(metadata_path), f'actual: {actual}'
 
 
 def make_distribution_no_version(tmpdir, basename):
@@ -252,11 +252,11 @@ def test_distribution_version_missing(
     """
     Test Distribution.version when the "Version" header is missing.
     """
-    basename = 'foo.{}'.format(suffix)
+    basename = f'foo.{suffix}'
     dist, dist_dir = make_distribution_no_version(tmpdir, basename)
 
-    expected_text = ("Missing 'Version:' header and/or {} file at path: ").format(
-        expected_filename
+    expected_text = (
+        f"Missing 'Version:' header and/or {expected_filename} file at path: "
     )
     metadata_path = os.path.join(dist_dir, expected_filename)
 
diff --git a/ruff.toml b/ruff.toml
index b55b4e8067..7218d7d363 100644
--- a/ruff.toml
+++ b/ruff.toml
@@ -24,9 +24,7 @@ ignore = [
 	"TRY003", # raise-vanilla-args, avoid multitude of exception classes
 	"TRY301", # raise-within-try, it's handy
 	"UP015", # redundant-open-modes, explicit is preferred
-	"UP030", # temporarily disabled
-	"UP031", # temporarily disabled
-	"UP032", # temporarily disabled
+	"UP027", # deprecated https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/pull/12843
 	"UP038", # Using `X | Y` in `isinstance` call is slower and more verbose https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff/issues/7871
 	# Only enforcing return type annotations for public functions
 	"ANN202", # missing-return-type-private-function
diff --git a/setuptools/__init__.py b/setuptools/__init__.py
index 3a1cc58aa3..fde37b4516 100644
--- a/setuptools/__init__.py
+++ b/setuptools/__init__.py
@@ -183,9 +183,7 @@ def _ensure_stringlike(self, option, what, default=None):
             setattr(self, option, default)
             return default
         elif not isinstance(val, str):
-            raise DistutilsOptionError(
-                "'%s' must be a %s (got `%s`)" % (option, what, val)
-            )
+            raise DistutilsOptionError(f"'{option}' must be a {what} (got `{val}`)")
         return val
 
     def ensure_string_list(self, option):
@@ -212,7 +210,7 @@ def ensure_string_list(self, option):
                 ok = False
             if not ok:
                 raise DistutilsOptionError(
-                    "'%s' must be a list of strings (got %r)" % (option, val)
+                    f"'{option}' must be a list of strings (got {val!r})"
                 )
 
     @overload
diff --git a/setuptools/_core_metadata.py b/setuptools/_core_metadata.py
index 2e9c48a77b..642b80df31 100644
--- a/setuptools/_core_metadata.py
+++ b/setuptools/_core_metadata.py
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ def write_pkg_file(self, file):  # noqa: C901  # is too complex (14)  # FIXME
     version = self.get_metadata_version()
 
     def write_field(key, value):
-        file.write("%s: %s\n" % (key, value))
+        file.write(f"{key}: {value}\n")
 
     write_field('Metadata-Version', str(version))
     write_field('Name', self.get_name())
@@ -178,8 +178,8 @@ def write_field(key, value):
     if license:
         write_field('License', rfc822_escape(license))
 
-    for project_url in self.project_urls.items():
-        write_field('Project-URL', '%s, %s' % project_url)
+    for label, url in self.project_urls.items():
+        write_field('Project-URL', f'{label}, {url}')
 
     keywords = ','.join(self.get_keywords())
     if keywords:
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ def write_field(key, value):
 
     long_description = self.get_long_description()
     if long_description:
-        file.write("\n%s" % long_description)
+        file.write(f"\n{long_description}")
         if not long_description.endswith("\n"):
             file.write("\n")
 
diff --git a/setuptools/_imp.py b/setuptools/_imp.py
index bddbf6a683..f1d9f29218 100644
--- a/setuptools/_imp.py
+++ b/setuptools/_imp.py
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ def find_module(module, paths=None):
     """Just like 'imp.find_module()', but with package support"""
     spec = find_spec(module, paths)
     if spec is None:
-        raise ImportError("Can't find %s" % module)
+        raise ImportError(f"Can't find {module}")
     if not spec.has_location and hasattr(spec, 'submodule_search_locations'):
         spec = importlib.util.spec_from_loader('__init__.py', spec.loader)
 
@@ -76,12 +76,12 @@ def find_module(module, paths=None):
 def get_frozen_object(module, paths=None):
     spec = find_spec(module, paths)
     if not spec:
-        raise ImportError("Can't find %s" % module)
+        raise ImportError(f"Can't find {module}")
     return spec.loader.get_code(module)
 
 
 def get_module(module, paths, info):
     spec = find_spec(module, paths)
     if not spec:
-        raise ImportError("Can't find %s" % module)
+        raise ImportError(f"Can't find {module}")
     return module_from_spec(spec)
diff --git a/setuptools/archive_util.py b/setuptools/archive_util.py
index e4acd75f9b..a957f324e2 100644
--- a/setuptools/archive_util.py
+++ b/setuptools/archive_util.py
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ def unpack_archive(filename, extract_dir, progress_filter=default_filter, driver
         else:
             return
     else:
-        raise UnrecognizedFormat("Not a recognized archive type: %s" % filename)
+        raise UnrecognizedFormat(f"Not a recognized archive type: {filename}")
 
 
 def unpack_directory(filename, extract_dir, progress_filter=default_filter):
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ def unpack_directory(filename, extract_dir, progress_filter=default_filter):
     Raises ``UnrecognizedFormat`` if `filename` is not a directory
     """
     if not os.path.isdir(filename):
-        raise UnrecognizedFormat("%s is not a directory" % filename)
+        raise UnrecognizedFormat(f"{filename} is not a directory")
 
     paths = {
         filename: ('', extract_dir),
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ def unpack_zipfile(filename, extract_dir, progress_filter=default_filter):
     """
 
     if not zipfile.is_zipfile(filename):
-        raise UnrecognizedFormat("%s is not a zip file" % (filename,))
+        raise UnrecognizedFormat(f"{filename} is not a zip file")
 
     with zipfile.ZipFile(filename) as z:
         _unpack_zipfile_obj(z, extract_dir, progress_filter)
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ def unpack_tarfile(filename, extract_dir, progress_filter=default_filter):
         tarobj = tarfile.open(filename)
     except tarfile.TarError as e:
         raise UnrecognizedFormat(
-            "%s is not a compressed or uncompressed tar file" % (filename,)
+            f"{filename} is not a compressed or uncompressed tar file"
         ) from e
 
     for member, final_dst in _iter_open_tar(
diff --git a/setuptools/command/alias.py b/setuptools/command/alias.py
index 4eed652381..6bd5717e05 100644
--- a/setuptools/command/alias.py
+++ b/setuptools/command/alias.py
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ def run(self):
                 print("setup.py alias", format_alias(alias, aliases))
                 return
             else:
-                print("No alias definition found for %r" % alias)
+                print(f"No alias definition found for {alias!r}")
                 return
         else:
             alias = self.args[0]
@@ -74,5 +74,5 @@ def format_alias(name, aliases):
     elif source == config_file('local'):
         source = ''
     else:
-        source = '--filename=%r' % source
+        source = f'--filename={source!r}'
     return source + name + ' ' + command
diff --git a/setuptools/command/bdist_egg.py b/setuptools/command/bdist_egg.py
index f3b7150208..cc5ed59a75 100644
--- a/setuptools/command/bdist_egg.py
+++ b/setuptools/command/bdist_egg.py
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ def __bootstrap__():
 
 
 class bdist_egg(Command):
-    description = "create an \"egg\" distribution"
+    description = 'create an "egg" distribution'
 
     user_options = [
         ('bdist-dir=', 'b', "temporary directory for creating the distribution"),
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ def zap_pyfiles(self):
                     pattern = r'(?P<name>.+)\.(?P<magic>[^.]+)\.pyc'
                     m = re.match(pattern, name)
                     path_new = os.path.join(base, os.pardir, m.group('name') + '.pyc')
-                    log.info("Renaming file from [%s] to [%s]" % (path_old, path_new))
+                    log.info(f"Renaming file from [{path_old}] to [{path_new}]")
                     try:
                         os.remove(path_new)
                     except OSError:
diff --git a/setuptools/command/bdist_wheel.py b/setuptools/command/bdist_wheel.py
index fa97976fef..b7235c0336 100644
--- a/setuptools/command/bdist_wheel.py
+++ b/setuptools/command/bdist_wheel.py
@@ -210,9 +210,7 @@ class bdist_wheel(Command):
         (
             "compression=",
             None,
-            "zipfile compression (one of: {}) [default: 'deflated']".format(
-                ", ".join(supported_compressions)
-            ),
+            f"zipfile compression (one of: {', '.join(supported_compressions)}) [default: 'deflated']",
         ),
         (
             "python-tag=",
diff --git a/setuptools/command/build_clib.py b/setuptools/command/build_clib.py
index d532762ebe..372c8ca3cf 100644
--- a/setuptools/command/build_clib.py
+++ b/setuptools/command/build_clib.py
@@ -36,9 +36,9 @@ def build_libraries(self, libraries):
             sources = build_info.get('sources')
             if sources is None or not isinstance(sources, (list, tuple)):
                 raise DistutilsSetupError(
-                    "in 'libraries' option (library '%s'), "
+                    f"in 'libraries' option (library '{lib_name}'), "
                     "'sources' must be present and must be "
-                    "a list of source filenames" % lib_name
+                    "a list of source filenames"
                 )
             sources = sorted(list(sources))
 
@@ -50,9 +50,9 @@ def build_libraries(self, libraries):
             obj_deps = build_info.get('obj_deps', dict())
             if not isinstance(obj_deps, dict):
                 raise DistutilsSetupError(
-                    "in 'libraries' option (library '%s'), "
+                    f"in 'libraries' option (library '{lib_name}'), "
                     "'obj_deps' must be a dictionary of "
-                    "type 'source: list'" % lib_name
+                    "type 'source: list'"
                 )
             dependencies = []
 
@@ -61,9 +61,9 @@ def build_libraries(self, libraries):
             global_deps = obj_deps.get('', list())
             if not isinstance(global_deps, (list, tuple)):
                 raise DistutilsSetupError(
-                    "in 'libraries' option (library '%s'), "
+                    f"in 'libraries' option (library '{lib_name}'), "
                     "'obj_deps' must be a dictionary of "
-                    "type 'source: list'" % lib_name
+                    "type 'source: list'"
                 )
 
             # Build the list to be used by newer_pairwise_group
@@ -74,9 +74,9 @@ def build_libraries(self, libraries):
                 extra_deps = obj_deps.get(source, list())
                 if not isinstance(extra_deps, (list, tuple)):
                     raise DistutilsSetupError(
-                        "in 'libraries' option (library '%s'), "
+                        f"in 'libraries' option (library '{lib_name}'), "
                         "'obj_deps' must be a dictionary of "
-                        "type 'source: list'" % lib_name
+                        "type 'source: list'"
                     )
                 src_deps.extend(extra_deps)
                 dependencies.append(src_deps)
diff --git a/setuptools/command/build_ext.py b/setuptools/command/build_ext.py
index e2a88ce218..1bc82f5ce3 100644
--- a/setuptools/command/build_ext.py
+++ b/setuptools/command/build_ext.py
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ def get_ext_filename(self, fullname: str) -> str:
             if not isinstance(ext_suffix, str):
                 raise OSError(
                     "Configuration variable EXT_SUFFIX not found for this platform "
-                    + "and environment variable SETUPTOOLS_EXT_SUFFIX is missing"
+                    "and environment variable SETUPTOOLS_EXT_SUFFIX is missing"
                 )
             so_ext = ext_suffix
 
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ def _write_stub_file(self, stub_file: str, ext: Extension, compile=False):
                     "   global __bootstrap__, __file__, __loader__",
                     "   import sys, os, pkg_resources, importlib.util" + if_dl(", dl"),
                     "   __file__ = pkg_resources.resource_filename"
-                    "(__name__,%r)" % os.path.basename(ext._file_name),
+                    f"(__name__,{os.path.basename(ext._file_name)!r})",
                     "   del __bootstrap__",
                     "   if '__loader__' in globals():",
                     "       del __loader__",
diff --git a/setuptools/command/build_py.py b/setuptools/command/build_py.py
index 584d2c15ac..eb09ef44cf 100644
--- a/setuptools/command/build_py.py
+++ b/setuptools/command/build_py.py
@@ -263,10 +263,10 @@ def check_package(self, package, package_dir):
             contents = f.read()
         if b'declare_namespace' not in contents:
             raise distutils.errors.DistutilsError(
-                "Namespace package problem: %s is a namespace package, but "
+                f"Namespace package problem: {package} is a namespace package, but "
                 "its\n__init__.py does not call declare_namespace()! Please "
                 'fix it.\n(See the setuptools manual under '
-                '"Namespace Packages" for details.)\n"' % (package,)
+                '"Namespace Packages" for details.)\n"'
             )
         return init_py
 
diff --git a/setuptools/command/dist_info.py b/setuptools/command/dist_info.py
index 1db3fbf6bd..c92836de73 100644
--- a/setuptools/command/dist_info.py
+++ b/setuptools/command/dist_info.py
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ def run(self):
         egg_info_dir = self.egg_info.egg_info
         assert os.path.isdir(egg_info_dir), ".egg-info dir should have been created"
 
-        log.info("creating '{}'".format(os.path.abspath(self.dist_info_dir)))
+        log.info(f"creating '{os.path.abspath(self.dist_info_dir)}'")
         bdist_wheel = self.get_finalized_command('bdist_wheel')
 
         # TODO: if bdist_wheel if merged into setuptools, just add "keep_egg_info" there
diff --git a/setuptools/command/easy_install.py b/setuptools/command/easy_install.py
index 25a9eee937..1cdbe1a0ee 100644
--- a/setuptools/command/easy_install.py
+++ b/setuptools/command/easy_install.py
@@ -133,8 +133,8 @@ class easy_install(Command):
         (
             'optimize=',
             'O',
-            "also compile with optimization: -O1 for \"python -O\", "
-            "-O2 for \"python -OO\", and -O0 to disable [default: -O0]",
+            'also compile with optimization: -O1 for "python -O", '
+            '-O2 for "python -OO", and -O0 to disable [default: -O0]',
         ),
         ('record=', None, "filename in which to record list of installed files"),
         ('always-unzip', 'Z', "don't install as a zipfile, no matter what"),
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ class easy_install(Command):
             None,
             "Don't load find-links defined in packages being installed",
         ),
-        ('user', None, "install in user site-package '%s'" % site.USER_SITE),
+        ('user', None, f"install in user site-package '{site.USER_SITE}'"),
     ]
     boolean_options = [
         'zip-ok',
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ def run(self, show_deprecation=True):
                 self.execute(
                     file_util.write_file,
                     (self.record, outputs),
-                    "writing list of installed files to '%s'" % self.record,
+                    f"writing list of installed files to '{self.record}'",
                 )
             self.warn_deprecated_options()
         finally:
@@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ def pseudo_tempname(self):
             pid = os.getpid()
         except Exception:
             pid = random.randint(0, sys.maxsize)
-        return os.path.join(self.install_dir, "test-easy-install-%s" % pid)
+        return os.path.join(self.install_dir, f"test-easy-install-{pid}")
 
     def warn_deprecated_options(self):
         pass
@@ -651,8 +651,8 @@ def add_output(self, path):
     def not_editable(self, spec):
         if self.editable:
             raise DistutilsArgError(
-                "Invalid argument %r: you can't use filenames or URLs "
-                "with --editable (except via the --find-links option)." % (spec,)
+                f"Invalid argument {spec!r}: you can't use filenames or URLs "
+                "with --editable (except via the --find-links option)."
             )
 
     def check_editable(self, spec):
@@ -661,8 +661,7 @@ def check_editable(self, spec):
 
         if os.path.exists(os.path.join(self.build_directory, spec.key)):
             raise DistutilsArgError(
-                "%r already exists in %s; can't do a checkout there"
-                % (spec.key, self.build_directory)
+                f"{spec.key!r} already exists in {self.build_directory}; can't do a checkout there"
             )
 
     @contextlib.contextmanager
@@ -700,7 +699,7 @@ def easy_install(self, spec, deps=False):
                 self.local_index,
             )
             if dist is None:
-                msg = "Could not find suitable distribution for %r" % spec
+                msg = f"Could not find suitable distribution for {spec!r}"
                 if self.always_copy:
                     msg += " (--always-copy skips system and development eggs)"
                 raise DistutilsError(msg)
@@ -917,12 +916,11 @@ def install_eggs(self, spec, dist_filename, tmpdir):
             setups = glob(os.path.join(setup_base, '*', 'setup.py'))
             if not setups:
                 raise DistutilsError(
-                    "Couldn't find a setup script in %s"
-                    % os.path.abspath(dist_filename)
+                    f"Couldn't find a setup script in {os.path.abspath(dist_filename)}"
                 )
             if len(setups) > 1:
                 raise DistutilsError(
-                    "Multiple setup scripts in %s" % os.path.abspath(dist_filename)
+                    f"Multiple setup scripts in {os.path.abspath(dist_filename)}"
                 )
             setup_script = setups[0]
 
@@ -1000,7 +998,7 @@ def install_exe(self, dist_filename, tmpdir):
         cfg = extract_wininst_cfg(dist_filename)
         if cfg is None:
             raise DistutilsError(
-                "%s is not a valid distutils Windows .exe" % dist_filename
+                f"{dist_filename} is not a valid distutils Windows .exe"
             )
         # Create a dummy distribution object until we build the real distro
         dist = Distribution(
@@ -1026,7 +1024,8 @@ def install_exe(self, dist_filename, tmpdir):
                 f.write('Metadata-Version: 1.0\n')
                 for k, v in cfg.items('metadata'):
                     if k != 'target_version':
-                        f.write('%s: %s\n' % (k.replace('_', '-').title(), v))
+                        k = k.replace('_', '-').title()
+                        f.write(f'{k}: {v}\n')
         script_dir = os.path.join(_egg_info, 'scripts')
         # delete entry-point scripts to avoid duping
         self.delete_blockers([
@@ -1114,8 +1113,9 @@ def install_wheel(self, wheel_path, tmpdir):
             self.execute(
                 wheel.install_as_egg,
                 (destination,),
-                ("Installing %s to %s")
-                % (os.path.basename(wheel_path), os.path.dirname(destination)),
+                (
+                    f"Installing {os.path.basename(wheel_path)} to {os.path.dirname(destination)}"
+                ),
             )
         finally:
             update_dist_caches(destination, fix_zipimporter_caches=False)
@@ -1191,7 +1191,7 @@ def run_setup(self, setup_script, setup_base, args):
         try:
             run_setup(setup_script, args)
         except SystemExit as v:
-            raise DistutilsError("Setup script exited with %s" % (v.args[0],)) from v
+            raise DistutilsError(f"Setup script exited with {v.args[0]}") from v
 
     def build_and_install(self, setup_script, setup_base):
         args = ['bdist_egg', '--dist-dir']
@@ -1374,7 +1374,7 @@ def create_home_path(self):
         home = convert_path(os.path.expanduser("~"))
         for path in only_strs(self.config_vars.values()):
             if path.startswith(home) and not os.path.isdir(path):
-                self.debug_print("os.makedirs('%s', 0o700)" % path)
+                self.debug_print(f"os.makedirs('{path}', 0o700)")
                 os.makedirs(path, 0o700)
 
     INSTALL_SCHEMES = dict(
@@ -1599,7 +1599,7 @@ def get_exe_prefixes(exe_filename):
                 for pth in yield_lines(contents):
                     pth = pth.strip().replace('\\', '/')
                     if not pth.startswith('import'):
-                        prefixes.append((('%s/%s/' % (parts[0], pth)), ''))
+                        prefixes.append(((f'{parts[0]}/{pth}/'), ''))
     finally:
         z.close()
     prefixes = [(x.lower(), y) for x, y in prefixes]
@@ -2324,7 +2324,7 @@ def get_win_launcher(type):
 
     Returns the executable as a byte string.
     """
-    launcher_fn = '%s.exe' % type
+    launcher_fn = f'{type}.exe'
     if is_64bit():
         if get_platform() == "win-arm64":
             launcher_fn = launcher_fn.replace(".", "-arm64.")
diff --git a/setuptools/command/egg_info.py b/setuptools/command/egg_info.py
index 280eb5e807..888f0abf5e 100644
--- a/setuptools/command/egg_info.py
+++ b/setuptools/command/egg_info.py
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ def translate_pattern(glob):  # noqa: C901  # is too complex (14)  # FIXME
     chunks = glob.split(os.path.sep)
 
     sep = re.escape(os.sep)
-    valid_char = '[^%s]' % (sep,)
+    valid_char = f'[^{sep}]'
 
     for c, chunk in enumerate(chunks):
         last_chunk = c == len(chunks) - 1
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ def translate_pattern(glob):  # noqa: C901  # is too complex (14)  # FIXME
                 pat += '.*'
             else:
                 # Match '(name/)*'
-                pat += '(?:%s+%s)*' % (valid_char, sep)
+                pat += f'(?:{valid_char}+{sep})*'
             continue  # Break here as the whole path component has been handled
 
         # Find any special characters in the remainder
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ def translate_pattern(glob):  # noqa: C901  # is too complex (14)  # FIXME
                         inner = inner[1:]
 
                     char_class += re.escape(inner)
-                    pat += '[%s]' % (char_class,)
+                    pat += f'[{char_class}]'
 
                     # Skip to the end ]
                     i = inner_i
@@ -233,8 +233,7 @@ def finalize_options(self):
             packaging.requirements.Requirement(spec % (self.egg_name, self.egg_version))
         except ValueError as e:
             raise distutils.errors.DistutilsOptionError(
-                "Invalid distribution name or version syntax: %s-%s"
-                % (self.egg_name, self.egg_version)
+                f"Invalid distribution name or version syntax: {self.egg_name}-{self.egg_version}"
             ) from e
 
         if self.egg_base is None:
@@ -498,7 +497,7 @@ def _safe_path(self, path):
         # To avoid accidental trans-codings errors, first to unicode
         u_path = unicode_utils.filesys_decode(path)
         if u_path is None:
-            log.warn("'%s' in unexpected encoding -- skipping" % path)
+            log.warn(f"'{path}' in unexpected encoding -- skipping")
             return False
 
         # Must ensure utf-8 encodability
@@ -560,7 +559,7 @@ def write_manifest(self):
 
         # Now _repairs should encodability, but not unicode
         files = [self._manifest_normalize(f) for f in self.filelist.files]
-        msg = "writing manifest file '%s'" % self.manifest
+        msg = f"writing manifest file '{self.manifest}'"
         self.execute(write_file, (self.manifest, files), msg)
 
     def warn(self, msg):
diff --git a/setuptools/command/install_egg_info.py b/setuptools/command/install_egg_info.py
index be47254f00..c97ceb34b2 100644
--- a/setuptools/command/install_egg_info.py
+++ b/setuptools/command/install_egg_info.py
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ def run(self):
             self.execute(os.unlink, (self.target,), "Removing " + self.target)
         if not self.dry_run:
             ensure_directory(self.target)
-        self.execute(self.copytree, (), "Copying %s to %s" % (self.source, self.target))
+        self.execute(self.copytree, (), f"Copying {self.source} to {self.target}")
         self.install_namespaces()
 
     def get_outputs(self):
diff --git a/setuptools/command/sdist.py b/setuptools/command/sdist.py
index fa9a2c4d81..38d7e53cdd 100644
--- a/setuptools/command/sdist.py
+++ b/setuptools/command/sdist.py
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ class sdist(orig.sdist):
     negative_opt: dict[str, str] = {}
 
     README_EXTENSIONS = ['', '.rst', '.txt', '.md']
-    READMES = tuple('README{0}'.format(ext) for ext in README_EXTENSIONS)
+    READMES = tuple(f'README{ext}' for ext in README_EXTENSIONS)
 
     def run(self):
         self.run_command('egg_info')
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ def read_manifest(self):
             try:
                 line = line.decode('UTF-8')
             except UnicodeDecodeError:
-                log.warn("%r not UTF-8 decodable -- skipping" % line)
+                log.warn(f"{line!r} not UTF-8 decodable -- skipping")
                 continue
             # ignore comments and blank lines
             line = line.strip()
diff --git a/setuptools/command/setopt.py b/setuptools/command/setopt.py
index e351af22f0..9d4c04dca6 100644
--- a/setuptools/command/setopt.py
+++ b/setuptools/command/setopt.py
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ def config_file(kind="local"):
         return os.path.join(os.path.dirname(distutils.__file__), 'distutils.cfg')
     if kind == 'user':
         dot = os.name == 'posix' and '.' or ''
-        return os.path.expanduser(convert_path("~/%spydistutils.cfg" % dot))
+        return os.path.expanduser(convert_path(f"~/{dot}pydistutils.cfg"))
     raise ValueError("config_file() type must be 'local', 'global', or 'user'", kind)
 
 
diff --git a/setuptools/config/expand.py b/setuptools/config/expand.py
index e11bcf9b42..0ea0008c8f 100644
--- a/setuptools/config/expand.py
+++ b/setuptools/config/expand.py
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ def version(value: Callable | Iterable[str | int] | str) -> str:
         return _value
     if hasattr(_value, '__iter__'):
         return '.'.join(map(str, _value))
-    return '%s' % _value
+    return f'{_value}'
 
 
 def canonic_package_data(package_data: dict) -> dict:
diff --git a/setuptools/config/setupcfg.py b/setuptools/config/setupcfg.py
index 54469f74a3..71749364e7 100644
--- a/setuptools/config/setupcfg.py
+++ b/setuptools/config/setupcfg.py
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ def _section_options(
     def parsers(self):
         """Metadata item name to parser function mapping."""
         raise NotImplementedError(
-            '%s must provide .parsers property' % self.__class__.__name__
+            f'{self.__class__.__name__} must provide .parsers property'
         )
 
     def __setitem__(self, option_name, value) -> None:
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ def __setitem__(self, option_name, value) -> None:
             return
 
         simple_setter = functools.partial(target_obj.__setattr__, option_name)
-        setter = getattr(target_obj, 'set_%s' % option_name, simple_setter)
+        setter = getattr(target_obj, f'set_{option_name}', simple_setter)
         setter(parsed)
 
         self.set_options.append(option_name)
@@ -369,8 +369,8 @@ def parser(value):
             exclude_directive = 'file:'
             if value.startswith(exclude_directive):
                 raise ValueError(
-                    'Only strings are accepted for the {0} field, '
-                    'files are not accepted'.format(key)
+                    f'Only strings are accepted for the {key} field, '
+                    'files are not accepted'
                 )
             return value
 
@@ -488,12 +488,12 @@ def parse(self) -> None:
         for section_name, section_options in self.sections.items():
             method_postfix = ''
             if section_name:  # [section.option] variant
-                method_postfix = '_%s' % section_name
+                method_postfix = f'_{section_name}'
 
             section_parser_method: Callable | None = getattr(
                 self,
                 # Dots in section names are translated into dunderscores.
-                ('parse_section%s' % method_postfix).replace('.', '__'),
+                (f'parse_section{method_postfix}').replace('.', '__'),
                 None,
             )
 
diff --git a/setuptools/depends.py b/setuptools/depends.py
index 9398b95331..bdf08889f4 100644
--- a/setuptools/depends.py
+++ b/setuptools/depends.py
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ def __init__(
     def full_name(self):
         """Return full package/distribution name, w/version"""
         if self.requested_version is not None:
-            return '%s-%s' % (self.name, self.requested_version)
+            return f'{self.name}-{self.requested_version}'
         return self.name
 
     def version_ok(self, version):
diff --git a/setuptools/dist.py b/setuptools/dist.py
index 68f877decd..606dbd43ec 100644
--- a/setuptools/dist.py
+++ b/setuptools/dist.py
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def check_importable(dist, attr, value):
         assert not ep.extras
     except (TypeError, ValueError, AttributeError, AssertionError) as e:
         raise DistutilsSetupError(
-            "%r must be importable 'module:attrs' string (got %r)" % (attr, value)
+            f"{attr!r} must be importable 'module:attrs' string (got {value!r})"
         ) from e
 
 
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ def assert_string_list(dist, attr, value):
         assert ''.join(value) != value
     except (TypeError, ValueError, AttributeError, AssertionError) as e:
         raise DistutilsSetupError(
-            "%r must be a list of strings (got %r)" % (attr, value)
+            f"{attr!r} must be a list of strings (got {value!r})"
         ) from e
 
 
@@ -72,8 +72,7 @@ def check_nsp(dist, attr, value):
     for nsp in ns_packages:
         if not dist.has_contents_for(nsp):
             raise DistutilsSetupError(
-                "Distribution contains no modules or packages for "
-                + "namespace package %r" % nsp
+                f"Distribution contains no modules or packages for namespace package {nsp!r}"
             )
         parent, sep, child = nsp.rpartition('.')
         if parent and parent not in ns_packages:
@@ -126,8 +125,7 @@ def _check_marker(marker):
 def assert_bool(dist, attr, value):
     """Verify that value is True, False, 0, or 1"""
     if bool(value) != value:
-        tmpl = "{attr!r} must be a boolean value (got {value!r})"
-        raise DistutilsSetupError(tmpl.format(attr=attr, value=value))
+        raise DistutilsSetupError(f"{attr!r} must be a boolean value (got {value!r})")
 
 
 def invalid_unless_false(dist, attr, value):
@@ -145,11 +143,10 @@ def check_requirements(dist, attr, value):
         if isinstance(value, (dict, set)):
             raise TypeError("Unordered types are not allowed")
     except (TypeError, ValueError) as error:
-        tmpl = (
-            "{attr!r} must be a string or list of strings "
-            "containing valid project/version requirement specifiers; {error}"
-        )
-        raise DistutilsSetupError(tmpl.format(attr=attr, error=error)) from error
+        raise DistutilsSetupError(
+            f"{attr!r} must be a string or list of strings "
+            f"containing valid project/version requirement specifiers; {error}"
+        ) from error
 
 
 def check_specifier(dist, attr, value):
@@ -157,8 +154,9 @@ def check_specifier(dist, attr, value):
     try:
         SpecifierSet(value)
     except (InvalidSpecifier, AttributeError) as error:
-        tmpl = "{attr!r} must be a string containing valid version specifiers; {error}"
-        raise DistutilsSetupError(tmpl.format(attr=attr, error=error)) from error
+        raise DistutilsSetupError(
+            f"{attr!r} must be a string containing valid version specifiers; {error}"
+        ) from error
 
 
 def check_entry_points(dist, attr, value):
@@ -173,15 +171,15 @@ def check_package_data(dist, attr, value):
     """Verify that value is a dictionary of package names to glob lists"""
     if not isinstance(value, dict):
         raise DistutilsSetupError(
-            "{!r} must be a dictionary mapping package names to lists of "
-            "string wildcard patterns".format(attr)
+            f"{attr!r} must be a dictionary mapping package names to lists of "
+            "string wildcard patterns"
         )
     for k, v in value.items():
         if not isinstance(k, str):
             raise DistutilsSetupError(
-                "keys of {!r} dict must be strings (got {!r})".format(attr, k)
+                f"keys of {attr!r} dict must be strings (got {k!r})"
             )
-        assert_string_list(dist, 'values of {!r} dict'.format(attr), v)
+        assert_string_list(dist, f'values of {attr!r} dict', v)
 
 
 def check_packages(dist, attr, value):
@@ -552,10 +550,10 @@ def _set_command_options(self, command_obj, option_dict=None):  # noqa: C901
             option_dict = self.get_option_dict(command_name)
 
         if DEBUG:
-            self.announce("  setting options for '%s' command:" % command_name)
+            self.announce(f"  setting options for '{command_name}' command:")
         for option, (source, value) in option_dict.items():
             if DEBUG:
-                self.announce("    %s = %s (from %s)" % (option, value, source))
+                self.announce(f"    {option} = {value} (from {source})")
             try:
                 bool_opts = [translate_longopt(o) for o in command_obj.boolean_options]
             except AttributeError:
@@ -575,8 +573,7 @@ def _set_command_options(self, command_obj, option_dict=None):  # noqa: C901
                     setattr(command_obj, option, value)
                 else:
                     raise DistutilsOptionError(
-                        "error in %s: command '%s' has no such option '%s'"
-                        % (source, command_name, option)
+                        f"error in {source}: command '{command_name}' has no such option '{option}'"
                     )
             except ValueError as e:
                 raise DistutilsOptionError(e) from e
@@ -771,12 +768,12 @@ def _exclude_misc(self, name, value):
         """Handle 'exclude()' for list/tuple attrs without a special handler"""
         if not isinstance(value, sequence):
             raise DistutilsSetupError(
-                "%s: setting must be a list or tuple (%r)" % (name, value)
+                f"{name}: setting must be a list or tuple ({value!r})"
             )
         try:
             old = getattr(self, name)
         except AttributeError as e:
-            raise DistutilsSetupError("%s: No such distribution setting" % name) from e
+            raise DistutilsSetupError(f"{name}: No such distribution setting") from e
         if old is not None and not isinstance(old, sequence):
             raise DistutilsSetupError(
                 name + ": this setting cannot be changed via include/exclude"
@@ -788,11 +785,11 @@ def _include_misc(self, name, value):
         """Handle 'include()' for list/tuple attrs without a special handler"""
 
         if not isinstance(value, sequence):
-            raise DistutilsSetupError("%s: setting must be a list (%r)" % (name, value))
+            raise DistutilsSetupError(f"{name}: setting must be a list ({value!r})")
         try:
             old = getattr(self, name)
         except AttributeError as e:
-            raise DistutilsSetupError("%s: No such distribution setting" % name) from e
+            raise DistutilsSetupError(f"{name}: No such distribution setting") from e
         if old is None:
             setattr(self, name, value)
         elif not isinstance(old, sequence):
@@ -829,7 +826,7 @@ def exclude(self, **attrs):
     def _exclude_packages(self, packages):
         if not isinstance(packages, sequence):
             raise DistutilsSetupError(
-                "packages: setting must be a list or tuple (%r)" % (packages,)
+                f"packages: setting must be a list or tuple ({packages!r})"
             )
         list(map(self.exclude_package, packages))
 
diff --git a/setuptools/monkey.py b/setuptools/monkey.py
index 3b6eefb4dd..c00fe0fb21 100644
--- a/setuptools/monkey.py
+++ b/setuptools/monkey.py
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ def get_unpatched_class(cls: type[_T]) -> type[_T]:
     )
     base = next(external_bases)
     if not base.__module__.startswith('distutils'):
-        msg = "distutils has already been patched by %r" % cls
+        msg = f"distutils has already been patched by {cls!r}"
         raise AssertionError(msg)
     return base
 
diff --git a/setuptools/msvc.py b/setuptools/msvc.py
index de4b05f928..5ceca6a09e 100644
--- a/setuptools/msvc.py
+++ b/setuptools/msvc.py
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ def current_dir(self, hidex86=False, x64=False):
             if (self.current_cpu == 'x86' and hidex86)
             else r'\x64'
             if (self.current_cpu == 'amd64' and x64)
-            else r'\%s' % self.current_cpu
+            else rf'\{self.current_cpu}'
         )
 
     def target_dir(self, hidex86=False, x64=False):
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ def target_dir(self, hidex86=False, x64=False):
             if (self.target_cpu == 'x86' and hidex86)
             else r'\x64'
             if (self.target_cpu == 'amd64' and x64)
-            else r'\%s' % self.target_cpu
+            else rf'\{self.target_cpu}'
         )
 
     def cross_dir(self, forcex86=False):
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ def cross_dir(self, forcex86=False):
         return (
             ''
             if self.target_cpu == current
-            else self.target_dir().replace('\\', '\\%s_' % current)
+            else self.target_dir().replace('\\', f'\\{current}_')
         )
 
 
@@ -494,11 +494,11 @@ def VSInstallDir(self):
         """
         # Default path
         default = os.path.join(
-            self.ProgramFilesx86, 'Microsoft Visual Studio %0.1f' % self.vs_ver
+            self.ProgramFilesx86, f'Microsoft Visual Studio {self.vs_ver:0.1f}'
         )
 
         # Try to get path from registry, if fail use default path
-        return self.ri.lookup(self.ri.vs, '%0.1f' % self.vs_ver) or default
+        return self.ri.lookup(self.ri.vs, f'{self.vs_ver:0.1f}') or default
 
     @property
     def VCInstallDir(self):
@@ -558,16 +558,17 @@ def _guess_vc_legacy(self):
             path
         """
         default = os.path.join(
-            self.ProgramFilesx86, r'Microsoft Visual Studio %0.1f\VC' % self.vs_ver
+            self.ProgramFilesx86,
+            rf'Microsoft Visual Studio {self.vs_ver:0.1f}\VC',
         )
 
         # Try to get "VC++ for Python" path from registry as default path
-        reg_path = os.path.join(self.ri.vc_for_python, '%0.1f' % self.vs_ver)
+        reg_path = os.path.join(self.ri.vc_for_python, f'{self.vs_ver:0.1f}')
         python_vc = self.ri.lookup(reg_path, 'installdir')
         default_vc = os.path.join(python_vc, 'VC') if python_vc else default
 
         # Try to get path from registry, if fail use default path
-        return self.ri.lookup(self.ri.vc, '%0.1f' % self.vs_ver) or default_vc
+        return self.ri.lookup(self.ri.vc, f'{self.vs_ver:0.1f}') or default_vc
 
     @property
     def WindowsSdkVersion(self):
@@ -616,13 +617,13 @@ def WindowsSdkDir(self):  # noqa: C901  # is too complex (12)  # FIXME
         sdkdir = ''
         for ver in self.WindowsSdkVersion:
             # Try to get it from registry
-            loc = os.path.join(self.ri.windows_sdk, 'v%s' % ver)
+            loc = os.path.join(self.ri.windows_sdk, f'v{ver}')
             sdkdir = self.ri.lookup(loc, 'installationfolder')
             if sdkdir:
                 break
         if not sdkdir or not os.path.isdir(sdkdir):
             # Try to get "VC++ for Python" version from registry
-            path = os.path.join(self.ri.vc_for_python, '%0.1f' % self.vc_ver)
+            path = os.path.join(self.ri.vc_for_python, f'{self.vc_ver:0.1f}')
             install_base = self.ri.lookup(path, 'installdir')
             if install_base:
                 sdkdir = os.path.join(install_base, 'WinSDK')
@@ -630,14 +631,14 @@ def WindowsSdkDir(self):  # noqa: C901  # is too complex (12)  # FIXME
             # If fail, use default new path
             for ver in self.WindowsSdkVersion:
                 intver = ver[: ver.rfind('.')]
-                path = r'Microsoft SDKs\Windows Kits\%s' % intver
+                path = rf'Microsoft SDKs\Windows Kits\{intver}'
                 d = os.path.join(self.ProgramFiles, path)
                 if os.path.isdir(d):
                     sdkdir = d
         if not sdkdir or not os.path.isdir(sdkdir):
             # If fail, use default old path
             for ver in self.WindowsSdkVersion:
-                path = r'Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v%s' % ver
+                path = rf'Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v{ver}'
                 d = os.path.join(self.ProgramFiles, path)
                 if os.path.isdir(d):
                     sdkdir = d
@@ -663,8 +664,8 @@ def WindowsSDKExecutablePath(self):
         else:
             netfxver = 40
             hidex86 = True if self.vs_ver <= 12.0 else False
-            arch = self.pi.current_dir(x64=True, hidex86=hidex86)
-        fx = 'WinSDK-NetFx%dTools%s' % (netfxver, arch.replace('\\', '-'))
+            arch = self.pi.current_dir(x64=True, hidex86=hidex86).replace('\\', '-')
+        fx = f'WinSDK-NetFx{netfxver}Tools{arch}'
 
         # list all possibles registry paths
         regpaths = []
@@ -673,7 +674,7 @@ def WindowsSDKExecutablePath(self):
                 regpaths += [os.path.join(self.ri.netfx_sdk, ver, fx)]
 
         for ver in self.WindowsSdkVersion:
-            regpaths += [os.path.join(self.ri.windows_sdk, 'v%sA' % ver, fx)]
+            regpaths += [os.path.join(self.ri.windows_sdk, f'v{ver}A', fx)]
 
         # Return installation folder from the more recent path
         for path in regpaths:
@@ -693,7 +694,7 @@ def FSharpInstallDir(self):
         str
             path
         """
-        path = os.path.join(self.ri.visualstudio, r'%0.1f\Setup\F#' % self.vs_ver)
+        path = os.path.join(self.ri.visualstudio, rf'{self.vs_ver:0.1f}\Setup\F#')
         return self.ri.lookup(path, 'productdir') or ''
 
     @property
@@ -711,7 +712,7 @@ def UniversalCRTSdkDir(self):
 
         # Find path of the more recent Kit
         for ver in vers:
-            sdkdir = self.ri.lookup(self.ri.windows_kits_roots, 'kitsroot%s' % ver)
+            sdkdir = self.ri.lookup(self.ri.windows_kits_roots, f'kitsroot{ver}')
             if sdkdir:
                 return sdkdir or ''
 
@@ -835,8 +836,8 @@ def _find_dot_net_versions(self, bits):
             versions
         """
         # Find actual .NET version in registry
-        reg_ver = self.ri.lookup(self.ri.vc, 'frameworkver%d' % bits)
-        dot_net_dir = getattr(self, 'FrameworkDir%d' % bits)
+        reg_ver = self.ri.lookup(self.ri.vc, f'frameworkver{bits}')
+        dot_net_dir = getattr(self, f'FrameworkDir{bits}')
         ver = reg_ver or self._use_last_dir_name(dot_net_dir, 'v') or ''
 
         # Set .NET versions for specified MSVC++ version
@@ -949,7 +950,7 @@ def VSTools(self):
             arch_subdir = self.pi.current_dir(hidex86=True, x64=True)
             paths += [r'Common7\IDE\CommonExtensions\Microsoft\TestWindow']
             paths += [r'Team Tools\Performance Tools']
-            paths += [r'Team Tools\Performance Tools%s' % arch_subdir]
+            paths += [rf'Team Tools\Performance Tools{arch_subdir}']
 
         return [os.path.join(self.si.VSInstallDir, path) for path in paths]
 
@@ -982,10 +983,10 @@ def VCLibraries(self):
             arch_subdir = self.pi.target_dir(x64=True)
         else:
             arch_subdir = self.pi.target_dir(hidex86=True)
-        paths = ['Lib%s' % arch_subdir, r'ATLMFC\Lib%s' % arch_subdir]
+        paths = [f'Lib{arch_subdir}', rf'ATLMFC\Lib{arch_subdir}']
 
         if self.vs_ver >= 14.0:
-            paths += [r'Lib\store%s' % arch_subdir]
+            paths += [rf'Lib\store{arch_subdir}']
 
         return [os.path.join(self.si.VCInstallDir, path) for path in paths]
 
@@ -1019,10 +1020,10 @@ def VCTools(self):
         forcex86 = True if self.vs_ver <= 10.0 else False
         arch_subdir = self.pi.cross_dir(forcex86)
         if arch_subdir:
-            tools += [os.path.join(si.VCInstallDir, 'Bin%s' % arch_subdir)]
+            tools += [os.path.join(si.VCInstallDir, f'Bin{arch_subdir}')]
 
         if self.vs_ver == 14.0:
-            path = 'Bin%s' % self.pi.current_dir(hidex86=True)
+            path = f'Bin{self.pi.current_dir(hidex86=True)}'
             tools += [os.path.join(si.VCInstallDir, path)]
 
         elif self.vs_ver >= 15.0:
@@ -1057,13 +1058,13 @@ def OSLibraries(self):
         """
         if self.vs_ver <= 10.0:
             arch_subdir = self.pi.target_dir(hidex86=True, x64=True)
-            return [os.path.join(self.si.WindowsSdkDir, 'Lib%s' % arch_subdir)]
+            return [os.path.join(self.si.WindowsSdkDir, f'Lib{arch_subdir}')]
 
         else:
             arch_subdir = self.pi.target_dir(x64=True)
             lib = os.path.join(self.si.WindowsSdkDir, 'lib')
             libver = self._sdk_subdir
-            return [os.path.join(lib, '%sum%s' % (libver, arch_subdir))]
+            return [os.path.join(lib, f'{libver}um{arch_subdir}')]
 
     @property
     def OSIncludes(self):
@@ -1086,9 +1087,9 @@ def OSIncludes(self):
             else:
                 sdkver = ''
             return [
-                os.path.join(include, '%sshared' % sdkver),
-                os.path.join(include, '%sum' % sdkver),
-                os.path.join(include, '%swinrt' % sdkver),
+                os.path.join(include, f'{sdkver}shared'),
+                os.path.join(include, f'{sdkver}um'),
+                os.path.join(include, f'{sdkver}winrt'),
             ]
 
     @property
@@ -1123,7 +1124,7 @@ def OSLibpath(self):
                     self.si.WindowsSdkDir,
                     'ExtensionSDKs',
                     'Microsoft.VCLibs',
-                    '%0.1f' % self.vs_ver,
+                    f'{self.vs_ver:0.1f}',
                     'References',
                     'CommonConfiguration',
                     'neutral',
@@ -1158,7 +1159,7 @@ def _sdk_tools(self):
 
         if not self.pi.current_is_x86():
             arch_subdir = self.pi.current_dir(x64=True)
-            path = 'Bin%s' % arch_subdir
+            path = f'Bin{arch_subdir}'
             yield os.path.join(self.si.WindowsSdkDir, path)
 
         if self.vs_ver in (10.0, 11.0):
@@ -1166,14 +1167,14 @@ def _sdk_tools(self):
                 arch_subdir = ''
             else:
                 arch_subdir = self.pi.current_dir(hidex86=True, x64=True)
-            path = r'Bin\NETFX 4.0 Tools%s' % arch_subdir
+            path = rf'Bin\NETFX 4.0 Tools{arch_subdir}'
             yield os.path.join(self.si.WindowsSdkDir, path)
 
         elif self.vs_ver >= 15.0:
             path = os.path.join(self.si.WindowsSdkDir, 'Bin')
             arch_subdir = self.pi.current_dir(x64=True)
             sdkver = self.si.WindowsSdkLastVersion
-            yield os.path.join(path, '%s%s' % (sdkver, arch_subdir))
+            yield os.path.join(path, f'{sdkver}{arch_subdir}')
 
         if self.si.WindowsSDKExecutablePath:
             yield self.si.WindowsSDKExecutablePath
@@ -1189,7 +1190,7 @@ def _sdk_subdir(self):
             subdir
         """
         ucrtver = self.si.WindowsSdkLastVersion
-        return ('%s\\' % ucrtver) if ucrtver else ''
+        return (f'{ucrtver}\\') if ucrtver else ''
 
     @property
     def SdkSetup(self):
@@ -1251,7 +1252,7 @@ def NetFxSDKLibraries(self):
             return []
 
         arch_subdir = self.pi.target_dir(x64=True)
-        return [os.path.join(self.si.NetFxSdkDir, r'lib\um%s' % arch_subdir)]
+        return [os.path.join(self.si.NetFxSdkDir, rf'lib\um{arch_subdir}')]
 
     @property
     def NetFxSDKIncludes(self):
@@ -1299,7 +1300,7 @@ def MSBuild(self):
             base_path = self.si.VSInstallDir
             arch_subdir = ''
 
-        path = r'MSBuild\%0.1f\bin%s' % (self.vs_ver, arch_subdir)
+        path = rf'MSBuild\{self.vs_ver:0.1f}\bin{arch_subdir}'
         build = [os.path.join(base_path, path)]
 
         if self.vs_ver >= 15.0:
@@ -1339,7 +1340,7 @@ def UCRTLibraries(self):
         arch_subdir = self.pi.target_dir(x64=True)
         lib = os.path.join(self.si.UniversalCRTSdkDir, 'lib')
         ucrtver = self._ucrt_subdir
-        return [os.path.join(lib, '%sucrt%s' % (ucrtver, arch_subdir))]
+        return [os.path.join(lib, f'{ucrtver}ucrt{arch_subdir}')]
 
     @property
     def UCRTIncludes(self):
@@ -1355,7 +1356,7 @@ def UCRTIncludes(self):
             return []
 
         include = os.path.join(self.si.UniversalCRTSdkDir, 'include')
-        return [os.path.join(include, '%sucrt' % self._ucrt_subdir)]
+        return [os.path.join(include, f'{self._ucrt_subdir}ucrt')]
 
     @property
     def _ucrt_subdir(self):
@@ -1368,7 +1369,7 @@ def _ucrt_subdir(self):
             subdir
         """
         ucrtver = self.si.UniversalCRTSdkLastVersion
-        return ('%s\\' % ucrtver) if ucrtver else ''
+        return (f'{ucrtver}\\') if ucrtver else ''
 
     @property
     def FSharp(self):
@@ -1392,7 +1393,7 @@ def VCRuntimeRedist(self) -> str | None:
 
         Returns the first suitable path found or None.
         """
-        vcruntime = 'vcruntime%d0.dll' % self.vc_ver
+        vcruntime = f'vcruntime{self.vc_ver}0.dll'
         arch_subdir = self.pi.target_dir(x64=True).strip('\\')
 
         # Installation prefixes candidates
@@ -1408,9 +1409,9 @@ def VCRuntimeRedist(self) -> str | None:
 
         # CRT directory
         crt_dirs = (
-            'Microsoft.VC%d.CRT' % (self.vc_ver * 10),
+            f'Microsoft.VC{self.vc_ver * 10}.CRT',
             # Sometime store in directory with VS version instead of VC
-            'Microsoft.VC%d.CRT' % (int(self.vs_ver) * 10),
+            f'Microsoft.VC{int(self.vs_ver) * 10}.CRT',
         )
 
         # vcruntime path
@@ -1509,7 +1510,7 @@ def _build_paths(self, name, spec_path_lists, exists):
         paths = itertools.chain(spec_paths, env_paths)
         extant_paths = list(filter(os.path.isdir, paths)) if exists else paths
         if not extant_paths:
-            msg = "%s environment variable is empty" % name.upper()
+            msg = f"{name.upper()} environment variable is empty"
             raise distutils.errors.DistutilsPlatformError(msg)
         unique_paths = unique_everseen(extant_paths)
         return os.pathsep.join(unique_paths)
diff --git a/setuptools/package_index.py b/setuptools/package_index.py
index 9e01d5e082..f501c6b2d7 100644
--- a/setuptools/package_index.py
+++ b/setuptools/package_index.py
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ def parse_requirement_arg(spec):
         return Requirement.parse(spec)
     except ValueError as e:
         raise DistutilsError(
-            "Not a URL, existing file, or requirement spec: %r" % (spec,)
+            f"Not a URL, existing file, or requirement spec: {spec!r}"
         ) from e
 
 
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ def process_url(self, url, retrieve=False):  # noqa: C901
         if f is None:
             return
         if isinstance(f, urllib.error.HTTPError) and f.code == 401:
-            self.info("Authentication error: %s" % f.msg)
+            self.info(f"Authentication error: {f.msg}")
         self.fetched_urls[f.url] = True
         if 'html' not in f.headers.get('content-type', '').lower():
             f.close()  # not html, we can't process it
@@ -475,13 +475,13 @@ def process_index(self, url, page):
             base, frag = egg_info_for_url(new_url)
             if base.endswith('.py') and not frag:
                 if ver:
-                    new_url += '#egg=%s-%s' % (pkg, ver)
+                    new_url += f'#egg={pkg}-{ver}'
                 else:
                     self.need_version_info(url)
             self.scan_url(new_url)
 
         return PYPI_MD5.sub(
-            lambda m: '<a href="%s#md5=%s">%s</a>' % m.group(1, 3, 2), page
+            lambda m: '<a href="{}#md5={}">{}</a>'.format(*m.group(1, 3, 2)), page
         )
 
     def need_version_info(self, url):
@@ -526,14 +526,13 @@ def check_hash(self, checker, filename, tfp):
         """
         checker is a ContentChecker
         """
-        checker.report(self.debug, "Validating %%s checksum for %s" % filename)
+        checker.report(self.debug, f"Validating %s checksum for {filename}")
         if not checker.is_valid():
             tfp.close()
             os.unlink(filename)
             raise DistutilsError(
-                "%s validation failed for %s; "
+                f"{checker.hash.name} validation failed for {os.path.basename(filename)}; "
                 "possible download problem?"
-                % (checker.hash.name, os.path.basename(filename))
             )
 
     def add_find_links(self, urls):
@@ -722,20 +721,15 @@ def gen_setup(self, filename, fragment, tmpdir):
             with open(os.path.join(tmpdir, 'setup.py'), 'w', encoding="utf-8") as file:
                 file.write(
                     "from setuptools import setup\n"
-                    "setup(name=%r, version=%r, py_modules=[%r])\n"
-                    % (
-                        dists[0].project_name,
-                        dists[0].version,
-                        os.path.splitext(basename)[0],
-                    )
+                    f"setup(name={dists[0].project_name!r}, version={dists[0].version!r}, py_modules=[{os.path.splitext(basename)[0]!r}])\n"
                 )
             return filename
 
         elif match:
             raise DistutilsError(
-                "Can't unambiguously interpret project/version identifier %r; "
+                f"Can't unambiguously interpret project/version identifier {fragment!r}; "
                 "any dashes in the name or version should be escaped using "
-                "underscores. %r" % (fragment, dists)
+                f"underscores. {dists!r}"
             )
         else:
             raise DistutilsError(
@@ -753,9 +747,7 @@ def _download_to(self, url, filename):
             checker = HashChecker.from_url(url)
             fp = self.open_url(url)
             if isinstance(fp, urllib.error.HTTPError):
-                raise DistutilsError(
-                    "Can't download %s: %s %s" % (url, fp.code, fp.msg)
-                )
+                raise DistutilsError(f"Can't download {url}: {fp.code} {fp.msg}")
             headers = fp.info()
             blocknum = 0
             bs = self.dl_blocksize
@@ -795,29 +787,27 @@ def open_url(self, url, warning=None):  # noqa: C901  # is too complex (12)
             if warning:
                 self.warn(warning, msg)
             else:
-                raise DistutilsError('%s %s' % (url, msg)) from v
+                raise DistutilsError(f'{url} {msg}') from v
         except urllib.error.HTTPError as v:
             return v
         except urllib.error.URLError as v:
             if warning:
                 self.warn(warning, v.reason)
             else:
-                raise DistutilsError(
-                    "Download error for %s: %s" % (url, v.reason)
-                ) from v
+                raise DistutilsError(f"Download error for {url}: {v.reason}") from v
         except http.client.BadStatusLine as v:
             if warning:
                 self.warn(warning, v.line)
             else:
                 raise DistutilsError(
-                    '%s returned a bad status line. The server might be '
-                    'down, %s' % (url, v.line)
+                    f'{url} returned a bad status line. The server might be '
+                    f'down, {v.line}'
                 ) from v
         except (http.client.HTTPException, OSError) as v:
             if warning:
                 self.warn(warning, v)
             else:
-                raise DistutilsError("Download error for %s: %s" % (url, v)) from v
+                raise DistutilsError(f"Download error for {url}: {v}") from v
 
     def _download_url(self, url, tmpdir):
         # Determine download filename
@@ -1135,7 +1125,7 @@ def local_open(url):
                 break
             elif os.path.isdir(filepath):
                 f += '/'
-            files.append('<a href="{name}">{name}</a>'.format(name=f))
+            files.append(f'<a href="{f}">{f}</a>')
         else:
             tmpl = "<html><head><title>{url}</title></head><body>{files}</body></html>"
             body = tmpl.format(url=url, files='\n'.join(files))
diff --git a/setuptools/tests/config/test_setupcfg.py b/setuptools/tests/config/test_setupcfg.py
index 4f0a7349f5..78d8c1ffc2 100644
--- a/setuptools/tests/config/test_setupcfg.py
+++ b/setuptools/tests/config/test_setupcfg.py
@@ -87,14 +87,14 @@ def test_basic(self, tmpdir):
             '[options]\n'
             'scripts = bin/a.py, bin/b.py\n',
         )
-        config_dict = read_configuration('%s' % config)
+        config_dict = read_configuration(str(config))
         assert config_dict['metadata']['version'] == '10.1.1'
         assert config_dict['metadata']['keywords'] == ['one', 'two']
         assert config_dict['options']['scripts'] == ['bin/a.py', 'bin/b.py']
 
     def test_no_config(self, tmpdir):
         with pytest.raises(DistutilsFileError):
-            read_configuration('%s' % tmpdir.join('setup.cfg'))
+            read_configuration(str(tmpdir.join('setup.cfg')))
 
     def test_ignore_errors(self, tmpdir):
         _, config = fake_env(
@@ -102,9 +102,9 @@ def test_ignore_errors(self, tmpdir):
             '[metadata]\nversion = attr: none.VERSION\nkeywords = one, two\n',
         )
         with pytest.raises(ImportError):
-            read_configuration('%s' % config)
+            read_configuration(str(config))
 
-        config_dict = read_configuration('%s' % config, ignore_option_errors=True)
+        config_dict = read_configuration(str(config), ignore_option_errors=True)
 
         assert config_dict['metadata']['keywords'] == ['one', 'two']
         assert 'version' not in config_dict['metadata']
diff --git a/setuptools/tests/server.py b/setuptools/tests/server.py
index 15bbc3b1f0..623a49a550 100644
--- a/setuptools/tests/server.py
+++ b/setuptools/tests/server.py
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def stop(self):
 
     def base_url(self):
         port = self.server_port
-        return 'http://127.0.0.1:%s/setuptools/tests/indexes/' % port
+        return f'http://127.0.0.1:{port}/setuptools/tests/indexes/'
 
 
 class RequestRecorder(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
@@ -70,11 +70,11 @@ def run(self):
 
     @property
     def netloc(self):
-        return 'localhost:%s' % self.server_port
+        return f'localhost:{self.server_port}'
 
     @property
     def url(self):
-        return 'http://%s/' % self.netloc
+        return f'http://{self.netloc}/'
 
 
 def path_to_url(path, authority=None):
diff --git a/setuptools/tests/test_build_ext.py b/setuptools/tests/test_build_ext.py
index dab8b41cc9..6398a5b95f 100644
--- a/setuptools/tests/test_build_ext.py
+++ b/setuptools/tests/test_build_ext.py
@@ -284,8 +284,8 @@ def test_build_ext_config_handling(tmpdir_cwd):
         ),
     }
     path.build(files)
-    code, output = environment.run_setup_py(
+    code, (stdout, stderr) = environment.run_setup_py(
         cmd=['build'],
         data_stream=(0, 2),
     )
-    assert code == 0, '\nSTDOUT:\n%s\nSTDERR:\n%s' % output
+    assert code == 0, f'\nSTDOUT:\n{stdout}\nSTDERR:\n{stderr}'
diff --git a/setuptools/tests/test_core_metadata.py b/setuptools/tests/test_core_metadata.py
index 34828ac750..d8c9a3faaf 100644
--- a/setuptools/tests/test_core_metadata.py
+++ b/setuptools/tests/test_core_metadata.py
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ def test_maintainer_author(name, attrs, tmpdir):
             for line in pkg_lines:
                 assert not line.startswith(fkey + ':')
         else:
-            line = '%s: %s' % (fkey, val)
+            line = f'{fkey}: {val}'
             assert line in pkg_lines_set
 
 
diff --git a/setuptools/tests/test_dist.py b/setuptools/tests/test_dist.py
index 597785b519..de9fd82f1e 100644
--- a/setuptools/tests/test_dist.py
+++ b/setuptools/tests/test_dist.py
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ def test_dist_fetch_build_egg(tmpdir):
 
     def sdist_with_index(distname, version):
         dist_dir = index.mkdir(distname)
-        dist_sdist = '%s-%s.tar.gz' % (distname, version)
+        dist_sdist = f'{distname}-{version}.tar.gz'
         make_nspkg_sdist(str(dist_dir.join(dist_sdist)), distname, version)
         with dist_dir.join('index.html').open('w') as fp:
             fp.write(
diff --git a/setuptools/tests/test_easy_install.py b/setuptools/tests/test_easy_install.py
index de257db80c..3309b89553 100644
--- a/setuptools/tests/test_easy_install.py
+++ b/setuptools/tests/test_easy_install.py
@@ -735,14 +735,14 @@ def make_dependency_sdist(dist_path, distname, version):
                 (
                     'setup.py',
                     DALS(
-                        """
+                        f"""
                     import setuptools
                     setuptools.setup(
-                        name={name!r},
+                        name={distname!r},
                         version={version!r},
-                        py_modules=[{name!r}],
+                        py_modules=[{distname!r}],
                     )
-                    """.format(name=distname, version=version)
+                    """
                     ),
                 ),
                 (
@@ -814,7 +814,7 @@ def test_setup_requires_with_pep508_url(self, mock_index, monkeypatch):
                     # Ignored (overridden by setup_attrs)
                     'python-xlib',
                     '0.19',
-                    setup_attrs=dict(setup_requires='dependency @ %s' % dep_url),
+                    setup_attrs=dict(setup_requires=f'dependency @ {dep_url}'),
                 )
                 test_setup_py = os.path.join(test_pkg, 'setup.py')
                 run_setup(test_setup_py, ['--version'])
@@ -1098,14 +1098,13 @@ def make_trivial_sdist(dist_path, distname, version):
             (
                 'setup.py',
                 DALS(
-                    """\
+                    f"""\
              import setuptools
              setuptools.setup(
-                 name=%r,
-                 version=%r
+                 name={distname!r},
+                 version={version!r}
              )
          """
-                    % (distname, version)
                 ),
             ),
             ('setup.cfg', ''),
@@ -1126,16 +1125,15 @@ def make_nspkg_sdist(dist_path, distname, version):
     packages = ['.'.join(parts[:idx]) for idx in range(1, len(parts) + 1)]
 
     setup_py = DALS(
-        """\
+        f"""\
         import setuptools
         setuptools.setup(
-            name=%r,
-            version=%r,
-            packages=%r,
-            namespace_packages=[%r]
+            name={distname!r},
+            version={version!r},
+            packages={packages!r},
+            namespace_packages=[{nspackage!r}]
         )
     """
-        % (distname, version, packages, nspackage)
     )
 
     init = "__import__('pkg_resources').declare_namespace(__name__)"
@@ -1210,7 +1208,7 @@ def create_setup_requires_package(
     test_setup_attrs = {
         'name': 'test_pkg',
         'version': '0.0',
-        'setup_requires': ['%s==%s' % (distname, version)],
+        'setup_requires': [f'{distname}=={version}'],
         'dependency_links': [os.path.abspath(path)],
     }
     if setup_attrs:
@@ -1231,7 +1229,7 @@ def create_setup_requires_package(
                 section = options
             if isinstance(value, (tuple, list)):
                 value = ';'.join(value)
-            section.append('%s: %s' % (name, value))
+            section.append(f'{name}: {value}')
         test_setup_cfg_contents = DALS(
             """
             [metadata]
@@ -1259,7 +1257,7 @@ def create_setup_requires_package(
     with open(os.path.join(test_pkg, 'setup.py'), 'w', encoding="utf-8") as f:
         f.write(setup_py_template % test_setup_attrs)
 
-    foobar_path = os.path.join(path, '%s-%s.tar.gz' % (distname, version))
+    foobar_path = os.path.join(path, f'{distname}-{version}.tar.gz')
     make_package(foobar_path, distname, version)
 
     return test_pkg
@@ -1274,12 +1272,12 @@ class TestScriptHeader:
     exe_with_spaces = r'C:\Program Files\Python36\python.exe'
 
     def test_get_script_header(self):
-        expected = '#!%s\n' % ei.nt_quote_arg(os.path.normpath(sys.executable))
+        expected = f'#!{ei.nt_quote_arg(os.path.normpath(sys.executable))}\n'
         actual = ei.ScriptWriter.get_header('#!/usr/local/bin/python')
         assert actual == expected
 
     def test_get_script_header_args(self):
-        expected = '#!%s -x\n' % ei.nt_quote_arg(os.path.normpath(sys.executable))
+        expected = f'#!{ei.nt_quote_arg(os.path.normpath(sys.executable))} -x\n'
         actual = ei.ScriptWriter.get_header('#!/usr/bin/python -x')
         assert actual == expected
 
@@ -1287,14 +1285,14 @@ def test_get_script_header_non_ascii_exe(self):
         actual = ei.ScriptWriter.get_header(
             '#!/usr/bin/python', executable=self.non_ascii_exe
         )
-        expected = '#!%s -x\n' % self.non_ascii_exe
+        expected = f'#!{self.non_ascii_exe} -x\n'
         assert actual == expected
 
     def test_get_script_header_exe_with_spaces(self):
         actual = ei.ScriptWriter.get_header(
             '#!/usr/bin/python', executable='"' + self.exe_with_spaces + '"'
         )
-        expected = '#!"%s"\n' % self.exe_with_spaces
+        expected = f'#!"{self.exe_with_spaces}"\n'
         assert actual == expected
 
 
diff --git a/setuptools/tests/test_egg_info.py b/setuptools/tests/test_egg_info.py
index 6e8d0c68c3..16f2bf1850 100644
--- a/setuptools/tests/test_egg_info.py
+++ b/setuptools/tests/test_egg_info.py
@@ -38,9 +38,8 @@ def env():
                 '.pydistutils.cfg': DALS(
                     """
                 [egg_info]
-                egg-base = %(egg-base)s
-                """
-                    % env.paths
+                egg-base = {egg-base}
+                """.format(**env.paths)
                 )
             }
         })
@@ -260,13 +259,9 @@ def _setup_script_with_requires(self, requires, use_setup_cfg=False):
             'setup.cfg': setup_config,
         })
 
-    mismatch_marker = "python_version<'{this_ver}'".format(
-        this_ver=sys.version_info[0],
-    )
+    mismatch_marker = f"python_version<'{sys.version_info[0]}'"
     # Alternate equivalent syntax.
-    mismatch_marker_alternate = 'python_version < "{this_ver}"'.format(
-        this_ver=sys.version_info[0],
-    )
+    mismatch_marker_alternate = f'python_version < "{sys.version_info[0]}"'
     invalid_marker = "<=>++"
 
     class RequiresTestHelper:
diff --git a/setuptools/tests/test_install_scripts.py b/setuptools/tests/test_install_scripts.py
index 2ae5496525..e62a6b7f31 100644
--- a/setuptools/tests/test_install_scripts.py
+++ b/setuptools/tests/test_install_scripts.py
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ def test_sys_executable_escaping_unix(self, tmpdir, monkeypatch):
         Ensure that shebang is not quoted on Unix when getting the Python exe
         from sys.executable.
         """
-        expected = '#!%s\n' % self.unix_exe
+        expected = f'#!{self.unix_exe}\n'
         monkeypatch.setattr('sys.executable', self.unix_exe)
         with tmpdir.as_cwd():
             self._run_install_scripts(str(tmpdir))
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ def test_sys_executable_escaping_win32(self, tmpdir, monkeypatch):
         Ensure that shebang is quoted on Windows when getting the Python exe
         from sys.executable and it contains a space.
         """
-        expected = '#!"%s"\n' % self.win32_exe
+        expected = f'#!"{self.win32_exe}"\n'
         monkeypatch.setattr('sys.executable', self.win32_exe)
         with tmpdir.as_cwd():
             self._run_install_scripts(str(tmpdir))
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ def test_executable_with_spaces_escaping_unix(self, tmpdir):
         a value with spaces
         is specified using --executable.
         """
-        expected = '#!%s\n' % self.unix_spaces_exe
+        expected = f'#!{self.unix_spaces_exe}\n'
         with tmpdir.as_cwd():
             self._run_install_scripts(str(tmpdir), self.unix_spaces_exe)
             with open(str(tmpdir.join('foo')), 'r', encoding="utf-8") as f:
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ def test_executable_arg_escaping_win32(self, tmpdir):
         getting a path with spaces
         from --executable, that is itself properly quoted.
         """
-        expected = '#!"%s"\n' % self.win32_exe
+        expected = f'#!"{self.win32_exe}"\n'
         with tmpdir.as_cwd():
             self._run_install_scripts(str(tmpdir), '"' + self.win32_exe + '"')
             with open(str(tmpdir.join('foo-script.py')), 'r', encoding="utf-8") as f:
diff --git a/setuptools/tests/test_manifest.py b/setuptools/tests/test_manifest.py
index ae5572b83c..745c072f20 100644
--- a/setuptools/tests/test_manifest.py
+++ b/setuptools/tests/test_manifest.py
@@ -34,14 +34,11 @@ def make_local_path(s):
     'packages': ['app'],
 }
 
-SETUP_PY = (
-    """\
+SETUP_PY = f"""\
 from setuptools import setup
 
-setup(**%r)
+setup(**{SETUP_ATTRS!r})
 """
-    % SETUP_ATTRS
-)
 
 
 @contextlib.contextmanager
diff --git a/setuptools/tests/test_sandbox.py b/setuptools/tests/test_sandbox.py
index 20db6baaa6..a476b7c93d 100644
--- a/setuptools/tests/test_sandbox.py
+++ b/setuptools/tests/test_sandbox.py
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class CantPickleThis(Exception):
             "This Exception is unpickleable because it's not in globals"
 
             def __repr__(self) -> str:
-                return 'CantPickleThis%r' % (self.args,)
+                return f'CantPickleThis{self.args!r}'
 
         with setuptools.sandbox.ExceptionSaver() as saved_exc:
             raise CantPickleThis('detail')
diff --git a/setuptools/tests/test_sdist.py b/setuptools/tests/test_sdist.py
index 30347190db..3ee0511b1c 100644
--- a/setuptools/tests/test_sdist.py
+++ b/setuptools/tests/test_sdist.py
@@ -37,14 +37,11 @@
     'data_files': [("data", [os.path.join("d", "e.dat")])],
 }
 
-SETUP_PY = (
-    """\
+SETUP_PY = f"""\
 from setuptools import setup
 
-setup(**%r)
+setup(**{SETUP_ATTRS!r})
 """
-    % SETUP_ATTRS
-)
 
 EXTENSION = Extension(
     name="sdist_test.f",
diff --git a/setuptools/tests/test_wheel.py b/setuptools/tests/test_wheel.py
index ac736e2947..4071b1d5b6 100644
--- a/setuptools/tests/test_wheel.py
+++ b/setuptools/tests/test_wheel.py
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ def __init__(self, id, **kwargs):
         self._fields = kwargs
 
     def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return '%s(**%r)' % (self._id, self._fields)
+        return f'{self._id}(**{self._fields!r})'
 
 
 # Using Any to avoid possible type union issues later in test
@@ -367,11 +367,10 @@ def __repr__(self) -> str:
     ),
     dict(
         id='requires2',
-        install_requires="""
+        install_requires=f"""
         bar
-        foo<=2.0; %r in sys_platform
-        """
-        % sys.platform,
+        foo<=2.0; {sys.platform!r} in sys_platform
+        """,
         requires_txt=DALS(
             """
             bar
@@ -381,10 +380,9 @@ def __repr__(self) -> str:
     ),
     dict(
         id='requires3',
-        install_requires="""
-        bar; %r != sys_platform
-        """
-        % sys.platform,
+        install_requires=f"""
+        bar; {sys.platform!r} != sys_platform
+        """,
     ),
     dict(
         id='requires4',
@@ -406,7 +404,7 @@ def __repr__(self) -> str:
     dict(
         id='requires5',
         extras_require={
-            'extra': 'foobar; %r != sys_platform' % sys.platform,
+            'extra': f'foobar; {sys.platform!r} != sys_platform',
         },
         requires_txt=DALS(
             """
@@ -599,7 +597,7 @@ def test_wheel_install_pep_503():
 def test_wheel_no_dist_dir():
     project_name = 'nodistinfo'
     version = '1.0'
-    wheel_name = '{0}-{1}-py2.py3-none-any.whl'.format(project_name, version)
+    wheel_name = f'{project_name}-{version}-py2.py3-none-any.whl'
     with tempdir() as source_dir:
         wheel_path = os.path.join(source_dir, wheel_name)
         # create an empty zip file
diff --git a/setuptools/tests/test_windows_wrappers.py b/setuptools/tests/test_windows_wrappers.py
index 4a112baf75..cebf6d183f 100644
--- a/setuptools/tests/test_windows_wrappers.py
+++ b/setuptools/tests/test_windows_wrappers.py
@@ -57,9 +57,9 @@ def win_launcher_exe(prefix):
     """A simple routine to select launcher script based on platform."""
     assert prefix in ('cli', 'gui')
     if platform.machine() == "ARM64":
-        return "{}-arm64.exe".format(prefix)
+        return f"{prefix}-arm64.exe"
     else:
-        return "{}-32.exe".format(prefix)
+        return f"{prefix}-32.exe"
 
 
 class TestCLI(WrapperTester):
diff --git a/setuptools/wheel.py b/setuptools/wheel.py
index 69a73df244..352d9b50d3 100644
--- a/setuptools/wheel.py
+++ b/setuptools/wheel.py
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ class Wheel:
     def __init__(self, filename):
         match = WHEEL_NAME(os.path.basename(filename))
         if match is None:
-            raise ValueError('invalid wheel name: %r' % filename)
+            raise ValueError(f'invalid wheel name: {filename!r}')
         self.filename = filename
         for k, v in match.groupdict().items():
             setattr(self, k, v)
@@ -122,9 +122,9 @@ def install_as_egg(self, destination_eggdir):
             self._install_as_egg(destination_eggdir, zf)
 
     def _install_as_egg(self, destination_eggdir, zf):
-        dist_basename = '%s-%s' % (self.project_name, self.version)
+        dist_basename = f'{self.project_name}-{self.version}'
         dist_info = self.get_dist_info(zf)
-        dist_data = '%s.data' % dist_basename
+        dist_data = f'{dist_basename}.data'
         egg_info = os.path.join(destination_eggdir, 'EGG-INFO')
 
         self._convert_metadata(zf, destination_eggdir, dist_info, egg_info)
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ def get_metadata(name):
         wheel_version = parse_version(wheel_metadata.get('Wheel-Version'))
         wheel_v1 = parse_version('1.0') <= wheel_version < parse_version('2.0dev0')
         if not wheel_v1:
-            raise ValueError('unsupported wheel format version: %s' % wheel_version)
+            raise ValueError(f'unsupported wheel format version: {wheel_version}')
         # Extract to target directory.
         _unpack_zipfile_obj(zf, destination_eggdir)
         # Convert metadata.