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elsarticle.cls
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elsarticle.cls
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%%
%% This is file `elsarticle.cls',
%% generated with the docstrip utility.
%%
%% The original source files were:
%%
%% elsarticle.dtx (with options: `class')
%%
%% Copyright 2007-2020 Elsevier Ltd
%%
%% This file is part of the 'Elsarticle Bundle'.
%% -------------------------------------------
%%
%% It may be distributed under the conditions of the LaTeX Project Public
%% License, either version 1.2 of this license or (at your option) any
%% later version. The latest version of this license is in
%% http://www.latex-project.org/lppl.txt
%% and version 1.2 or later is part of all distributions of LaTeX
%% version 1999/12/01 or later.
%%
%% The list of all files belonging to the 'Elsarticle Bundle' is
%% given in the file `manifest.txt'.
%%
%%
%%
%%
\def\RCSfile{elsarticle}%
\def\RCSversion{3.3}%
\def\RCSdate{2020/11/20}%
\def\@shortjnl{\relax}
\def\@journal{Elsevier Ltd}
\def\@company{Elsevier Ltd}
\def\@issn{000-0000}
\def\@shortjid{elsarticle}
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01]
\ProvidesClass{\@shortjid}[\RCSdate, \RCSversion: \@journal]
\def\ABD{\AtBeginDocument}
\newif\ifpreprint \preprintfalse
\newif\ifnonatbib \nonatbibfalse
\newif\iflongmktitle \longmktitlefalse
\newif\ifnopreprintline \nopreprintlinefalse
\newif\ifdoubleblind \doubleblindfalse
\newif\ifuseexplthreefunctions \useexplthreefunctionsfalse
\IfFileExists{expl3.sty}{%
\global\useexplthreefunctionstrue%
\RequirePackage{expl3}}{}
\ifuseexplthreefunctions\relax%
\IfFileExists{xparse.sty}{\RequirePackage{xparse}}{}
\IfFileExists{etoolbox.sty}{\RequirePackage{etoolbox}}{}
\fi
\def\@blstr{1}
\newdimen\@bls
\@bls=\baselineskip
\def\@finalWarning{%
*****************************************************\MessageBreak
This document is typeset in the CRC style which\MessageBreak
is not suitable for submission.\MessageBreak
\MessageBreak
Please typeset again using 'preprint' option\MessageBreak
for creating PDF suitable for submission.\MessageBreak
******************************************************\MessageBreak
}
\DeclareOption{preprint}{\global\preprinttrue
\gdef\@blstr{1}\xdef\jtype{0}%
\AtBeginDocument{\@twosidefalse\@mparswitchfalse}}
\DeclareOption{nopreprintline}{\global\nopreprintlinetrue}
\DeclareOption{final}{\gdef\@blstr{1}\global\preprintfalse}
\DeclareOption{review}{\global\preprinttrue\gdef\@blstr{1.5}}
\DeclareOption{authoryear}{\xdef\@biboptions{round,authoryear}}
\DeclareOption{number}{\xdef\@biboptions{numbers}}
\DeclareOption{numbers}{\xdef\@biboptions{numbers}}
\DeclareOption{nonatbib}{\global\nonatbibtrue}
\DeclareOption{longtitle}{\global\longmktitletrue}
\DeclareOption{5p}{\xdef\jtype{5}\global\preprintfalse
\ExecuteOptions{twocolumn}}
\def\jtype{0}
\DeclareOption{3p}{\xdef\jtype{3}\global\preprintfalse}
\DeclareOption{1p}{\xdef\jtype{1}\global\preprintfalse
\AtBeginDocument{\@twocolumnfalse}}
\DeclareOption{times}{\IfFileExists{txfonts.sty}%
{\AtEndOfClass{\RequirePackage{txfonts}%
\gdef\ttdefault{cmtt}%
\let\iint\relax
\let\iiint\relax
\let\iiiint\relax
\let\idotsint\relax
\let\openbox\relax}}{\AtEndOfClass{\RequirePackage{times}}}}
\DeclareOption{endfloat}{\IfFileExists{endfloat.sty}
{\AtEndOfClass{\RequirePackage[markers]{endfloat}}}{}}
\DeclareOption{endfloats}{\IfFileExists{endfloat.sty}
{\AtEndOfClass{\RequirePackage[markers]{endfloat}}}{}}
\DeclareOption{numafflabel}
{\AtBeginDocument{\def\theaffn{\arabic{affn}}}} %*%
\DeclareOption{lefttitle}
{\AtBeginDocument{\def\elsarticletitlealign{flushleft}}} %*%
\DeclareOption{centertitle}
{\AtBeginDocument{\def\elsarticletitlealign{center}}} %*%
\DeclareOption{reversenotenum}
{\AtBeginDocument{\def\theaffn{\arabic{affn}}
\def\thefnote{\alph{fnote}}}}
\DeclareOption{doubleblind}{\doubleblindtrue}
\ExecuteOptions{a4paper,10pt,oneside,onecolumn,number,preprint,centertitle}
\DeclareOption*{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{article}}
\ProcessOptions
\LoadClass{article}
\RequirePackage{graphicx}
\let\comma\@empty
\let\tnotesep\@empty
\let\@title\@empty
\def\useelstitle{}
\def\title#1{\g@addto@macro\@title{#1%
\global\let\tnoteref\@gobble}%
\g@addto@macro\useelstitle{#1}}
\def\elsLabel#1{\@bsphack\protected@write\@auxout{}%
{\string\Newlabel{#1}{\@currentlabel}}\@esphack}
\def\Newlabel#1#2{\expandafter\xdef\csname X@#1\endcsname{#2}}
\def\elsRef#1{\@ifundefined{X@#1}{0}{\csname X@#1\endcsname}}
\let\@tnotemark\@empty
\ifdoubleblind
\def\tnotemark[#1]{}
\else
\def\tnotemark[#1]{\@for\mytmark:=#1\do{%
\expandafter\ifcase\elsRef{\mytmark}\or$^{\star}$\or
$^{,\star\star}$\fi
}%
}
\fi
\def\tnoteref#1{\tnotemark[{#1}]}
\let\@tnotes\@empty
\newcounter{tnote}
\def\tnotetext[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\@tnotes{%
\stepcounter{tnote}\elsLabel{#1}%
\def\thefootnote{\ifcase\c@tnote\or$\star$\or$\star\star$\fi}%
\footnotetext{#2}}}
\let\@nonumnotes\@empty
\def\nonumnote#1{\g@addto@macro\@nonumnotes{%
\let\thefootnote\relax\footnotetext{#1}}}
\newcounter{fnote}
\def\thefnote{\arabic{fnote}}
\def\fnmark[#1]{\let\comma\@empty
\def\@fnmark{\@for\@@fnmark:=#1\do{%
\edef\fnotenum{\@ifundefined{X@\@@fnmark}{1}{\elsRef{\@@fnmark}}}%
\unskip\comma\fnotenum\let\comma,}}%
}
\def\fnref#1{\fnmark[#1]}
\let\@fnotes\@empty\let\@fnmark\@empty
\def\fntext[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\@fnotes{%
\refstepcounter{fnote}\elsLabel{#1}%
\def\thefootnote{\c@fnote}%
\global\setcounter{footnote}{\c@fnote}%
\footnotetext{#2}}}
\def\cormark[#1]{\edef\cnotenum{\elsRef{#1}}%
\unskip\textsuperscript{\sep\ifcase\cnotenum\or
$\ast$\or$\ast\ast$\fi\hspace{-1pt}}\let\sep=,}
\let\@cormark\@empty
\let\@cornotes\@empty
\newcounter{cnote}
\def\cortext[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\@cornotes{%
\refstepcounter{cnote}\elsLabel{#1}%
\def\thefootnote{\ifcase\thecnote\or$\ast$\or
$\ast\ast$\fi}%
\footnotetext{#2}}}
\let\@corref\@empty
\def\corref#1{\edef\cnotenum{\elsRef{#1}}%
\edef\@corref{\ifcase\cnotenum\or
$\ast$\or$\ast\ast$\fi\hskip-1pt}}
\def\resetTitleCounters{\c@cnote=0
\c@fnote=0 \c@tnote=0 \c@footnote=0}
\let\eadsep\@empty
\def\@elseads{}
\let\@elsuads\@empty
\let\@cormark\@empty
\def\hashchar{\expandafter\@gobble\string\~}
\def\underscorechar{\expandafter\@gobble\string\_}
\def\lbracechar{\expandafter\@gobble\string\{}
\def\rbracechar{\expandafter\@gobble\string\}}
\gdef\ead{\@ifnextchar[{\@uad}{\@ead}}
\gdef\@ead#1{\bgroup
\def\_{\underscorechar}%
\def\{{\lbracechar}%
\def~{\hashchar}%
\def\}{\rbracechar}%
\edef\tmp{\the\@eadauthor}%
\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\emailauthor
{#1}{\expandafter\strip@prefix\meaning\tmp}}%
\egroup
}
\newcounter{ead}
\gdef\emailauthor#1#2{\stepcounter{ead}%
\g@addto@macro\@elseads{\raggedright%
\let\corref\@gobble\def\@@tmp{#1}%
\eadsep{\ttfamily\expandafter\strip@prefix\meaning\@@tmp}
(#2)\def\eadsep{\unskip,\space}}%
}
\gdef\@uad[#1]#2{\bgroup
\def~{\hashchar}%
\def\_{\underscorechar}%
\def~{\hashchar}%
\def\}{\rbracechar}%
\edef\tmp{\the\@eadauthor}
\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\urlauthor
{#2}{\expandafter\strip@prefix\meaning\tmp}}%
\egroup
}
\gdef\urlauthor#1#2{\g@addto@macro\@elsuads{\let\corref\@gobble%
\def\@@tmp{#1}\raggedright\eadsep
{\ttfamily\expandafter\strip@prefix\meaning\@@tmp}\space(#2)%
\def\eadsep{\unskip,\space}}%
}
\def\elsauthors{}
\def\useauthors{}
\def\elsprelimauthors{}
\def\pprinttitle{}
\let\authorsep\@empty
\let\prelimauthorsep\@empty
\let\sep\@empty
\newcounter{author}
\def\author{\@ifnextchar[{\@@author}{\@author}}
\newtoks\@eadauthor
\def\@@author[#1]#2{%
\g@addto@macro\elsprelimauthors{%
\prelimauthorsep#2%
\def\prelimauthorsep{\unskip,\space}}%
\g@addto@macro\elsauthors{%
\def\baselinestretch{1}%
\authorsep#2\unskip\textsuperscript{%#1%
\@for\@@affmark:=#1\do{%
\edef\affnum{\@ifundefined{X@\@@affmark}{1}{\elsRef{\@@affmark}}}%
\unskip\sep\affnum\let\sep=,}%
\ifx\@fnmark\@empty\else\unskip\sep\@fnmark\let\sep=,\fi
\ifx\@corref\@empty\else\unskip\sep\@corref\let\sep=,\fi
}%
\def\authorsep{\unskip,\space}%
\global\let\sep\@empty\global\let\@corref\@empty
\global\let\@fnmark\@empty}%
\@eadauthor={#2}%
\g@addto@macro\useauthors{#2; }%
}
\def\@author#1{%
\g@addto@macro\elsprelimauthors{%
\prelimauthorsep#1%
\def\prelimauthorsep{\unskip,\space}}%
\g@addto@macro\elsauthors{\normalsize%
\def\baselinestretch{1}%
\upshape\authorsep#1\unskip\textsuperscript{%
\ifx\@fnmark\@empty\else\unskip\sep\@fnmark\let\sep=,\fi
\ifx\@corref\@empty\else\unskip\sep\@corref\let\sep=,\fi
}%
\def\authorsep{\unskip,\space}%
\global\let\@fnmark\@empty
\global\let\@corref\@empty \global\let\sep\@empty}%
\@eadauthor={#1}%
\g@addto@macro\useauthors{#1; }%
}
\AtBeginDocument{%
\@ifpackageloaded{hyperref}{%
\expandafter\gdef\csname Hy@title\endcsname{\useelstitle}%
\expandafter\gdef\csname Hy@author\endcsname{\useauthors}%
}{}
}
\def\elsaddress{}
\def\addsep{\par\vskip6pt}
\def\@alph#1{%
\ifcase#1\or a\or b\or c\or d\or e\or f\or g\or h\or i\or j\or k\or
l\or m\or n\or o\or p\or q\or r\or s\or t\or u\or v\or w\or x\or
y\or z%
\or aa\or ab\or ac\or ad\or ae\or af\or ag\or ah\or ai\or aj\or
ak\or al\or am\or an\or ao\or ap\or aq\or ar\or as\or at\or au\or
av\or aw\or ax\or ay\or az%
\or ba\or bb\or bc\or bd\or be\or bf\or bg\or bh\or bi\or bj\or
bk\or bl\or bm\or bn\or bo\or bp\or bq\or br\or bs\or bt\or bu\or
bv\or bw\or bx\or by\or bz%
\or ca\or cb\or cc\or cd\or ce\or cf\or cg\or ch\or ci\or cj\or
ck\or cl\or cm\or cn\or co\or cp\or cq\or cr\or cs\or ct\or cu\or
cv\or cw\or cx\or cy\or cz%
\or da\or db\or dc\or dd\or de\or df\or dg\or dh\or di\or dj\or
dk\or dl\or dm\or dn\or do\or dp\or dq\or dr\or ds\or dt\or du\or
dv\or dw\or dx\or dy\or dz%
\or ea\or eb\or ec\or ed\or ee\or ef\or eg\or eh\or ei\or ej\or
ek\or el\or em\or en\or eo\or ep\or eq\or er\or es\or et\or eu\or
ev\or ew\or ex\or ey\or ez%
\or fa\or fb\or fc\or fd\or fe\or ff\or fg\or fh\or fi\or fj\or
fk\or fl\or fm\or fn\or fo\or fp\or fq\or fr\or fs\or ft\or fu\or
fv\or fw\or fx\or fy\or fz%
\or ga\or gb\or gc\or gd\or ge\or gf\or gg\or gh\or gi\or gj\or
gk\or gl\or gm\or gn\or go\or gp\or gq\or gr\or gs\or gt\or gu\or
gv\or gw\or gx\or gy\or gz%
\else\@ctrerr\fi}
\newcounter{affn}
\renewcommand\theaffn{\alph{affn}}
\ifuseexplthreefunctions\relax%
\ExplSyntaxOn
\def\ca_affitem_postskip{\mbox{~}\unskip\ignorespaces}
%%Author Address
\DeclareDocumentCommand \ca_organization { O{,} m }
{
% #2 #1\mbox{~}\unskip\ignorespaces
\csgappto { ca_affiliation_values } { #2 #1\ca_affitem_postskip }
}
\DeclareDocumentCommand \ca_postal_code { O{,} m }
{
% #2 #1\mbox{~}\unskip\ignorespaces
\csgappto { ca_affiliation_values } { #2 #1\ca_affitem_postskip }
}
\DeclareDocumentCommand \ca_aff_city { O{,} m }
{
% #2 #1\mbox{~}\unskip\ignorespaces
\csgappto { ca_affiliation_values } { #2 #1\ca_affitem_postskip }
}
\DeclareDocumentCommand \ca_address_line { O{,}m }
{
% #2 #1\mbox{~}\unskip\ignorespaces
\csgappto { ca_affiliation_values } { #2 #1\ca_affitem_postskip }
}
\DeclareDocumentCommand \ca_state { O{,} m }
{
% #2 #1\mbox{~}\unskip\ignorespaces
\csgappto { ca_affiliation_values } { #2 #1\ca_affitem_postskip }
}
\DeclareDocumentCommand \ca_country { O{ } m }
{
% #2 #1
\csgappto { ca_affiliation_values } { #2 #1 }
}
\DeclareDocumentCommand \ca_stm_organization { O{,} m }
{
#2 #1\ca_affitem_postskip
}
\DeclareDocumentCommand \ca_stm_postal_code { O{,} m }
{
#2 #1\ca_affitem_postskip
}
\DeclareDocumentCommand \ca_stm_aff_city { O{,} m }
{
#2 #1\ca_affitem_postskip
}
\DeclareDocumentCommand \ca_stm_aff_address_line { O{,}m }
{
#2 #1\ca_affitem_postskip
}
\DeclareDocumentCommand \ca_stm_state { O{,} m }
{
#2 #1\ca_affitem_postskip
}
\DeclareDocumentCommand \ca_stm_country { O{ } m }
{
#2 #1
}
\keys_define:nn { stm / affiliation }
{
op .tl_set_x:N = \l_organization_punc_tl,
oraganizationsep .tl_set_x:N = \l_organization_punc_tl,
ap .tl_set_x:N = \l_address_line_punc_tl,
addresslinesep .tl_set_x:N = \l_address_line_punc_tl,
cp .tl_set_x:N = \l_city_punc_tl,
citysep .tl_set_x:N = \l_city_punc_tl,
pp .tl_set_x:N = \l_postal_code_punc_tl,
postcodesep .tl_set_x:N = \l_postal_code_punc_tl,
sp .tl_set_x:N = \l_state_punc_tl,
statesep .tl_set_x:N = \l_state_punc_tl,
o .code:n = { \ca_organization[\l_organization_punc_tl]{#1} },
organization .code:n = { \ca_organization[\l_organization_punc_tl]{#1} },
a .code:n = { \ca_address_line[\l_address_line_punc_tl]{#1} },
addressline .code:n = { \ca_address_line[\l_address_line_punc_tl]{#1} },
c .code:n = { \ca_aff_city[\l_city_punc_tl]{#1} },
city .code:n = { \ca_aff_city[\l_city_punc_tl]{#1} },
p .code:n = { \ca_postal_code[\l_postal_code_punc_tl]{#1} },
postcode .code:n = { \ca_postal_code[\l_postal_code_punc_tl]{#1} },
s .code:n = { \ca_state[\l_state_punc_tl]{#1} },
state .code:n = { \ca_state[\l_state_punc_tl]{#1} },
orp .tl_set_x:N = \l_organization_punc_tl,
adp .tl_set_x:N = \l_address_line_punc_tl,
cip .tl_set_x:N = \l_city_punc_tl,
pcp .tl_set_x:N = \l_postal_code_punc_tl,
stp .tl_set_x:N = \l_state_punc_tl,
cyp .tl_set_x:N = \l_country_punc_tl,
or .code:n = { \ca_organization[\l_organization_punc_tl]{#1} },
ad .code:n = { \ca_address_line[\l_address_line_punc_tl]{#1} },
ci .code:n = { \ca_aff_city[\l_city_punc_tl]{#1} },
pc .code:n = { \ca_postal_code[\l_postal_code_punc_tl]{#1} },
st .code:n = { \ca_state[\l_state_punc_tl]{#1} },
cy .code:n = { \ca_country[\l_country_punc_tl]{#1} },
country .code:n = { \ca_country[\l_country_punc_tl]{#1} },
unknown .code:n = {
\ifstrempty { #1 } {
\csxappto { ca_affiliation_values }
{ {\l_keys_key_tl}~ }
} {
\csxappto { ca_affiliation_values }
{ {#1}~ }
}
}
}
\cs_set:Npn \__reset_affiliation:
{
\tl_gset:Nn \l_organization_punc_tl { , }
\tl_gset:Nn \l_address_line_punc_tl { , }
\tl_gset:Nn \l_city_punc_tl { , }
\tl_gset:Nn \l_postal_code_punc_tl { , }
\tl_gset:Nn \l_state_punc_tl { , }
\tl_gset:Nn \l_country_punc_tl { }
}
\DeclareDocumentCommand\affiliation{ o m }{
\__reset_affiliation:
\csgdef { ca_affiliation_values } { }
\IfNoValueTF { #2 }
{ }
{
\keys_set:nn { stm / affiliation } { #2 }
}
\csgappto{elsaddress}{
\def\baselinestretch{1}%
\refstepcounter{affn}
\xdef\@currentlabel{\theaffn}
\IfNoValueTF { #1 }
{ }
{ \elsLabel{#1} }
\textsuperscript{\theaffn}}
\csxappto{elsaddress}{
\csuse { ca_affiliation_values }
\par
}
}
\ExplSyntaxOff
\else%
\def\caaffitempostskip{\space}
\DeclareRobustCommand\caorganization[2][,]{%
\g@addto@macro\caaffiliationvalues{#2#1\caaffitempostskip}%
}
\DeclareRobustCommand\capostalcode[2][,]{%
\g@addto@macro\caaffiliationvalues{#2#1\caaffitempostskip}%
}
\DeclareRobustCommand\caaffcity[2][,]{%
\g@addto@macro\caaffiliationvalues{#2#1\caaffitempostskip}%
}
\DeclareRobustCommand\caaddressline[2][,]{%
\g@addto@macro\caaffiliationvalues{#2#1\caaffitempostskip}%
}
\DeclareRobustCommand\castate[2][,]{%
\g@addto@macro\caaffiliationvalues{#2#1\caaffitempostskip}%
}
\DeclareRobustCommand\cacountry[2][,]{%
\g@addto@macro\caaffiliationvalues{#2#1\caaffitempostskip}%
}
\DeclareRobustCommand\castmorganization[2][,]{%
#2#1\caaffitempostskip%
}
\DeclareRobustCommand\castmpostalcode[2][,]{%
#2#1\caaffitempostskip%
}
\DeclareRobustCommand\castmaffcity[2][,]{%
#2#1\caaffitempostskip%
}
\DeclareRobustCommand\castmaddressline[2][,]{%
#2#1\caaffitempostskip%
}
\DeclareRobustCommand\castmstate[2][,]{%
#2#1\caaffitempostskip%
}
\DeclareRobustCommand\castmcountry[2][,]{%
#2#1\caaffitempostskip%
}
\define@key{affiliation}{op}{\xdef\@organizationpunc{#1}}
\define@key{affiliation}{orp}{\xdef\@organizationpunc{#1}}
\define@key{affiliation}{organizationsep}{\xdef\@organizationpunc{#1}}
\define@key{affiliation}{ap}{\xdef\@addresslinepunc{#1}}
\define@key{affiliation}{adp}{\xdef\@addresslinepunc{#1}}
\define@key{affiliation}{addresslinesep}{\xdef\@addresslinepunc{#1}}
\define@key{affiliation}{cp}{\xdef\@citypunc{#1}}
\define@key{affiliation}{cip}{\xdef\@citypunc{#1}}
\define@key{affiliation}{cyp}{\xdef\@countrypunc{#1}}
\define@key{affiliation}{citysep}{\xdef\@citypunc{#1}}
\define@key{affiliation}{pp}{\xdef\@postcodepunc{#1}}
\define@key{affiliation}{pop}{\xdef\@postcodepunc{#1}}
\define@key{affiliation}{postcodesep}{\xdef\@postcodepunc{#1}}
\define@key{affiliation}{sp}{\xdef\@statepunc{#1}}
\define@key{affiliation}{stp}{\xdef\@statepunc{#1}}
\define@key{affiliation}{statesep}{\xdef\@statepunc{#1}}
\define@key{affiliation}{countrysep}{\xdef\@countrypunc{#1}}
\define@key{affiliation}{organization}{%
\caorganization[\@organizationpunc]{#1}}
\define@key{affiliation}{addressline}{%
\caaddressline[\@addresslinepunc]{#1}}
\define@key{affiliation}{city}{%
\caaffcity[\@citypunc]{#1}}
\define@key{affiliation}{postcode}{%
\capostalcode[\@postcodepunc]{#1}}
\define@key{affiliation}{state}{%
\castate[\@statepunc]{#1}}
\define@key{affiliation}{or}{%
\caorganization[\@organizationpunc]{#1}}
\define@key{affiliation}{ad}{%
\caaddressline[\@addresslinepunc]{#1}}
\define@key{affiliation}{ci}{%
\caaffcity[\@citypunc]{#1}}
\define@key{affiliation}{po}{%
\capostalcode[\@postcodepunc]{#1}}
\define@key{affiliation}{st}{%
\castate[\@statepunc]{#1}}
\define@key{affiliation}{o}{%
\caorganization[\@organizationpunc]{#1}}
\define@key{affiliation}{a}{%
\caaddressline[\@addresslinepunc]{#1}}
\define@key{affiliation}{c}{%
\cacity[\@citypunc]{#1}}
\define@key{affiliation}{p}{%
\capostcode[\@postcodepunc]{#1}}
\define@key{affiliation}{s}{%
\castate[\@statepunc]{#1}}
\define@key{affiliation}{cy}{%
\cacountry[\@countrypunc]{#1}}
\define@key{affiliation}{country}{%
\cacountry[\@countrypunc]{#1}}
\gdef\@resetaffiliation{%
\gdef\@organizationpunc{,}%
\gdef\@addresslinepunc{,}%
\gdef\@citypunc{,}%
\gdef\@statepunc{,}%
\gdef\@postcodepunc{,}%
\gdef\@countrypunc{}%
}
\def\affiliation{\@ifnextchar[{\@@affiliation}{\@affiliation}}
\newcommand*{\newstmrobustcmd}{}
\protected\def\newstmrobustcmd{\@star@or@long\stmetb@new@command}
\def\stmetb@new@command#1{\@testopt{\stmetb@newcommand#1}0}
\def\stmetb@newcommand#1[#2]{%
\@ifnextchar[%]
{\stmetb@xargdef#1[#2]}
{\ifx\l@ngrel@x\relax
\let\l@ngrel@x\protected
\else
\protected\def\l@ngrel@x{\protected\long}%
\fi
\@argdef#1[#2]}}
\long\def\stmetb@xargdef#1[#2][#3]#4{%
\@ifdefinable#1{%
\expandafter\protected
\expandafter\def
\expandafter#1%
\expandafter{%
\expandafter\@testopt
\csname\string#1\endcsname{#3}}%
\expandafter\@yargdef\csname\string#1\endcsname\tw@{#2}{#4}}}
%
\newcommand{\ifstmundef}[1]{%
\ifdefined#1%
\ifx#1\relax
\expandafter\expandafter
\expandafter\@firstoftwo
\else
\expandafter\expandafter
\expandafter\@secondoftwo
\fi
\else
\expandafter\@firstoftwo
\fi}
\newcommand{\stmexpandonce}[1]{%
\unexpanded\expandafter{#1}}
\newstmrobustcmd{\gstmappto}[2]{%
\ifundef{#1}
{\xdef#1{\unexpanded{#2}}}
{\xdef#1{\stmexpandonce#1\unexpanded{#2}}}}
\newstmrobustcmd{\xstmappto}[2]{%
\ifstmundef{#1}
{\xdef#1{#2}}
{\xdef#1{\stmexpandonce#1#2}}}
\long\def\@@affiliation[#1]#2{%
\@resetaffiliation%
\gdef\caaffiliationvalues{}%
\elsLabel{#1}%
\setkeys{affiliation}{#2}%
\g@addto@macro\elsaddress{%
\def\baselinestretch{1}%
\refstepcounter{affn}%
\xdef\@currentlabel{\theaffn}%
\elsLabel{#1}%
\textsuperscript{\theaffn}}
\xstmappto\elsaddress{\caaffiliationvalues\par}}
\long\def\@affiliation#1{%
\@resetaffiliation%
\gdef\caaffiliationvalues{}%
\setkeys{affiliation}{#1}%
\g@addto@macro\elsauthors{%
\def\baselinestretch{1}}%
\xstmappto\elsaddress{\caaffiliationvalues\par}}
\fi
\def\address{\@ifnextchar[{\@@address}{\@address}}
\long\def\@@address[#1]#2{\g@addto@macro\elsaddress{%
\def\baselinestretch{1}%
\refstepcounter{affn}
\xdef\@currentlabel{\theaffn}
\elsLabel{#1}%
\textsuperscript{\theaffn}#2\par}}
\long\def\@address#1{\g@addto@macro\elsauthors{%
\def\baselinestretch{1}%
\addsep\footnotesize\itshape#1\def\addsep{\par\vskip6pt}%
\def\authorsep{\par\vskip8pt}}}
\newbox\absbox
\let\@elsarticleabstitle\@empty %*%
\def\abstracttitle#1{\gdef\@elsarticleabstitle{#1}} %*%
\abstracttitle{Abstract} %*%
\renewenvironment{abstract}{\global\setbox\absbox=\vbox\bgroup
\hsize=\textwidth\def\baselinestretch{1}%
\noindent\unskip\textbf{\@elsarticleabstitle} %*%
\par\medskip\noindent\unskip\ignorespaces}
{\egroup}
\newbox\elsarticlehighlightsbox
\newbox\elsarticlegrabsbox
\def\@elsarticlehighlightstitle{Highlights}
\def\@elsarticlegrabstitle{Graphical Abstract}
\newif\ifelsprelimpagegrabs\global\elsprelimpagegrabsfalse
\newif\ifelsprelimpagehl\global\elsprelimpagehlfalse
\def\elsarticleprelims{%
\ifelsprelimpagegrabs\relax%
\thispagestyle{empty}%
\unvbox\elsarticlegrabsbox%
\pagebreak\clearpage%
\fi%
\ifelsprelimpagehl\relax%
\thispagestyle{empty}
\unvbox\elsarticlehighlightsbox%
\pagebreak\clearpage%
\setcounter{page}{1}%
\fi%
}
\newenvironment{highlights}{%
\global\elsprelimpagehltrue%
\global\setbox\elsarticlehighlightsbox=\vbox\bgroup
\hsize=\textwidth\def\baselinestretch{1}%
\noindent\unskip{\Large\@elsarticlehighlightstitle}%*%
\par\vskip12pt\noindent\unskip\ignorespaces\textbf{\@title}%
\ifx\elsprelimauthors\@empty\relax\else%
\par\vskip6pt\noindent\unskip\ignorespaces\elsprelimauthors%
\fi%
\par\medskip\noindent\unskip\ignorespaces
\begin{itemize}
}
{\end{itemize}
\egroup}
\newenvironment{graphicalabstract}{%
\global\elsprelimpagegrabstrue%
\global\setbox\elsarticlegrabsbox=\vbox\bgroup
\hsize=\textwidth\def\baselinestretch{1}%
\noindent\unskip{\Large\@elsarticlegrabstitle}%*%
\par\vskip12pt\noindent\unskip\ignorespaces\textbf{\@title}%
\ifx\elsprelimauthors\@empty\relax\else%
\par\vskip6pt\noindent\unskip\ignorespaces\elsprelimauthors%
\fi%
\par\medskip\noindent\unskip\ignorespaces}
{\egroup}
\newbox\keybox
\let\@elsarticlekwdtitle\@empty %*%
\def\keywordtitle#1{\gdef\@elsarticlekwdtitle{#1}} %*%
\def\keywordtitlesep#1{\gdef\@elsarticlekeywordtitlesep{#1}} %*%
\keywordtitle{Keywords} %*%
\keywordtitlesep{:\ }
\def\keyword{%
\def\sep{\unskip, }%
\def\MSC{\@ifnextchar[{\@MSC}{\@MSC[2000]}}
\def\@MSC[##1]{\par\leavevmode\hbox {\it ##1~MSC:\space}}%
\def\PACS{\par\leavevmode\hbox {\it PACS:\space}}%
\def\JEL{\par\leavevmode\hbox {\it JEL:\space}}%
\global\setbox\keybox=\vbox\bgroup\hsize=\textwidth
\normalsize\normalfont\def\baselinestretch{1}
\parskip\z@
\noindent\textit{\@elsarticlekwdtitle\@elsarticlekeywordtitlesep}
\raggedright % Keywords are not justified.
\ignorespaces}
\def\endkeyword{\par \egroup}
\newdimen\Columnwidth
\Columnwidth=\columnwidth
\def\printFirstPageNotes{%
\iflongmktitle
\let\columnwidth=\textwidth
\fi
\ifdoubleblind
\else
\ifx\@tnotes\@empty\else\@tnotes\fi
\ifx\@nonumnotes\@empty\else\@nonumnotes\fi
\ifx\@cornotes\@empty\else\@cornotes\fi
\ifx\@elseads\@empty\relax\else
\let\thefootnote\relax
\footnotetext{\ifnum\theead=1\relax
\textit{Email address:\space}\else
\textit{Email addresses:\space}\fi
\@elseads}\fi
\ifx\@elsuads\@empty\relax\else
\let\thefootnote\relax
\footnotetext{\textit{URL:\space}%
\@elsuads}\fi
\fi
\ifx\@fnotes\@empty\else\@fnotes\fi
\iflongmktitle\if@twocolumn
\let\columnwidth=\Columnwidth\fi\fi
}
%% Pushing text to begin on newpage %*%
\def\newpage@after@title{title}
\def\newpage@after@author{author}
\def\newpage@after@abstract{abstract}
\def\newpageafter#1%
{\gdef\@elsarticlenewpageafter{#1}}
\long\def\pprintMaketitle{\clearpage
\iflongmktitle\if@twocolumn\let\columnwidth=\textwidth\fi\fi
\resetTitleCounters
\def\baselinestretch{1}%
\printFirstPageNotes
\begin{\elsarticletitlealign}%
\thispagestyle{pprintTitle}%
\def\baselinestretch{1}%
\Large\@title\par\vskip18pt%
\ifx\@elsarticlenewpageafter\newpage@after@title% %*%
\newpage
\fi%
\ifdoubleblind
\vspace*{2pc}
\else
\normalsize\elsauthors\par\vskip10pt
\footnotesize\itshape\elsaddress\par\vskip36pt
\fi
\ifx\@elsarticlenewpageafter\newpage@after@author% %*%
\newpage
\fi%
\hrule\vskip12pt
\ifvoid\absbox\else\unvbox\absbox\par\vskip10pt\fi
\ifvoid\keybox\else\unvbox\keybox\par\vskip10pt\fi
\hrule\vskip12pt
\ifx\@elsarticlenewpageafter\newpage@after@abstract% %*%
\newpage
\fi%
\end{\elsarticletitlealign}%
\gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}%
}
\def\printWarning{%
\mbox{}\par\vfill\par\bgroup
\fboxsep12pt\fboxrule1pt
\hspace*{.18\textwidth}
\fcolorbox{gray50}{gray10}{\box\warnbox}
\egroup\par\vfill\thispagestyle{empty}
\setcounter{page}{0}
\clearpage}
\long\def\finalMaketitle{%
\resetTitleCounters
\def\baselinestretch{1}%
\MaketitleBox
\thispagestyle{pprintTitle}%
\gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}%
}
\long\def\MaketitleBox{%
\resetTitleCounters
\def\baselinestretch{1}%
\begin{\elsarticletitlealign}%
\def\baselinestretch{1}%
\Large\@title\par\vskip18pt
\ifdoubleblind
\vspace*{2pc}
\else
\normalsize\elsauthors\par\vskip10pt
\footnotesize\itshape\elsaddress\par\vskip36pt
\fi
\hrule\vskip12pt
\ifvoid\absbox\else\unvbox\absbox\par\vskip10pt\fi
\ifvoid\keybox\else\unvbox\keybox\par\vskip10pt\fi
\hrule\vskip12pt
\end{\elsarticletitlealign}%
}
\def\FNtext#1{\par\bgroup\footnotesize#1\egroup}
\newdimen\space@left
\def\alarm#1{\typeout{******************************}%
\typeout{#1}%
\typeout{******************************}%
}
\def\titlespancalculator#1#2#3#4{%
% break count
\@tempcnta=#4\relax%
% pagebreakcount increment
\advance\@tempcnta by 1\relax%
% title page height
\@tempdima=#1\relax%
% Page height - title page notes height (only for first break)
% Page height - textheight (for remaining breaks)
% Page height - title page notes height
\@tempdimb=#2\relax%
% Remaining title page height
\advance\@tempdima -\the\@tempdimb%
% Checks if remaining title page
% height less than textheight
\ifdim\the\@tempdima>#3\relax%
\titlespancalculator%
{\the\@tempdima}{#3}{#3}{\the\@tempcnta}%Break again
\else%
% Save break count and exit.
\xdef\savetitlepagespan{\the\@tempcnta}%
\fi%
}%
\long\def\myfor#1#2#3{%
\@tempcnta=#1\relax%
\ifnum#1<#2\relax%
\advance\@tempcnta by 1\relax%
#3%
\myfor{\the\@tempcnta}{#2}{#3}%
\fi}
\long\def\getSpaceLeft{%\global\@twocolumnfalse%
\global\setbox0=\vbox{\hsize=\textwidth\MaketitleBox}%
\global\setbox1=\vbox{\hsize=\textwidth
\let\footnotetext\FNtext
\printFirstPageNotes}%
\xdef\noteheight{\the\ht1}%
\xdef\titleheight{\the\ht0}%
\@tempdima=\vsize
\advance\@tempdima-\noteheight
\advance\@tempdima-1\baselineskip
\xdef\savefpageheight{\the\@tempdima}%
\setbox2=\vbox{\titlespancalculator{\titleheight}%
{\savefpageheight}{\textheight}{0}}%
}
\skip\footins=24pt
\newbox\els@boxa
\newbox\els@boxb
\ifpreprint
\def\maketitle{\elsarticleprelims\pprintMaketitle}
\else
\ifnum\jtype=1
\def\maketitle{%
\elsarticleprelims%
\iflongmktitle\getSpaceLeft
\ifdim\noteheight>0pt%
\advance\@tempdima-1.35\baselineskip
\fi%
\global\setbox\els@boxa=\vsplit0 to \@tempdima
\box\els@boxa\par\resetTitleCounters
\thispagestyle{pprintTitle}%
\printFirstPageNotes
\ifnum\savetitlepagespan>1\relax%
\myfor{2}{\savetitlepagespan}{%
\global\setbox\els@boxb=\vsplit0 to \textheight%\@tempdima
\box\els@boxb}
\else%
\fi%
\box0%
\else
\finalMaketitle\printFirstPageNotes
\fi
\gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}}%
\else
\ifnum\jtype=5
\def\maketitle{%
\elsarticleprelims%
\iflongmktitle\getSpaceLeft
\ifdim\noteheight>0pt%
\advance\@tempdima-1.35\baselineskip
\fi%
\global\setbox\els@boxa=\vsplit0 to \@tempdima
\box\els@boxa\par\resetTitleCounters
\thispagestyle{pprintTitle}%
\printFirstPageNotes
\ifnum\savetitlepagespan>1\relax%
\myfor{2}{\savetitlepagespan}{%
\global\setbox\els@boxb=\vsplit0 to \textheight%\@tempdima
\twocolumn[\box\els@boxb]}
\else%
\fi%
\twocolumn[\box0]%\printFirstPageNotes
\else
\twocolumn[\finalMaketitle]\printFirstPageNotes
\fi
\gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}}
\else
\if@twocolumn
\def\maketitle{%
\elsarticleprelims%
\iflongmktitle\getSpaceLeft
\ifdim\noteheight>0pt%
\advance\@tempdima-1.35\baselineskip
\fi%
\global\setbox\els@boxa=\vsplit0 to \@tempdima
\box\els@boxa\par\resetTitleCounters
\thispagestyle{pprintTitle}%
\printFirstPageNotes
\ifnum\savetitlepagespan>1\relax%
\myfor{2}{\savetitlepagespan}{%
\global\setbox\els@boxb=\vsplit0 to \textheight%\@tempdima
\twocolumn[\box\els@boxb]}
\else%
\fi%
\twocolumn[\box0]%
\else
\twocolumn[\finalMaketitle]\printFirstPageNotes
\fi
\gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}}%
\else
\def\maketitle{%
\elsarticleprelims%
\iflongmktitle\getSpaceLeft
\ifdim\noteheight>0pt%
\advance\@tempdima-1.35\baselineskip
\fi%
\global\setbox\els@boxa=\vsplit0 to \@tempdima
\box\els@boxa\par\resetTitleCounters
\thispagestyle{pprintTitle}%
\printFirstPageNotes
\ifnum\savetitlepagespan>1\relax%
\myfor{2}{\savetitlepagespan}{%
\global\setbox\els@boxb=\vsplit0 to \textheight%\@tempdima
\box\els@boxb}
\else%
\fi%
\box0%
\else
\elsarticleprelims%
\finalMaketitle\printFirstPageNotes
\fi
\gdef\thefootnote{\arabic{footnote}}}%
\fi
\fi
\fi
\fi
\let\@elsarticlemyfooter\@empty
\let\@elsarticlemyfooteralign\@empty
\def\@elsarticlemyfooteralignleft{L}
\def\@elsarticlemyfooteralignright{R}
\def\@elsarticlemyfooteraligncenter{C}
\def\myfooter[#1]#2 %*%
{\gdef\@elsarticlemyfooteralign{#1}
\gdef\@elsarticlemyfooter{#2}}
\def\myfooterfont#1{\gdef\@myfooterfont{#1}}
\myfooterfont{\footnotesize\itshape}
\def\ps@pprintTitle{%
\let\@oddhead\@empty
\let\@evenhead\@empty