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board.cpp
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board.cpp
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/* $Id$
This file is a part of ponder, a English/American checkers game.
Copyright (c) 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Quux Information.
Gong Jie <neo@quux.me>
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; see the file COPYING. If not, write to
the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Steet, Fifth Floor,
Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
*/
/** @file board.cpp
* @brief Checkers game board.
*/
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <sstream>
#include "board.hpp"
namespace checkers
{
/** @param str The position of checkers board in FEN.
* A position can be stored by the FEN tag:
* @verbatim [Turn]:[Color 1][[K][Square number][,]...]:[Color 2][[K][Square number][,]...] @endverbatim
* @par Turn
* the side to move, B for Black, W for White.
* @par Color 1 and Color 2
* the color for the Square numbers that follow B for Black, W, and
* the sequence is unimportant.
* @par K
* optional before square number, indicates the piece on that square
* is a king, otherwise it is a man.
* @par Square number
* indicates the square number occupied by a piece. The square number
* must be at least a "1". On an 8x8 board, it has a range from 1-32.
* These are comma separated, and the sequence is unimportant.
* @par Examples:
* @verbatim B:W18,24,27,28,K10,K15:B12,16,20,K22,K25,K29 @endverbatim
* @verbatim B:W18,19,21,23,24,26,29,30,31,32:B1,2,3,4,6,7,9,10,11,12 @endverbatim
*/
board::board(const std::string& str) :
_black_pieces(), _white_pieces(), _kings(), _player(),
_zobrist()
{
if (str.empty())
{
/** @throw std::logic_error while @e str has wrong
* format.
*/
throw std::logic_error("Error (illegal FEN,"
" empty): " + str);
}
switch (str[0])
{
case 'B':
this->_player = board::BLACK;
break;
case 'W':
this->_player = board::WHITE;
break;
default:
std::ostringstream error;
error << "Error (illegal FEN, unexpected character"
" `" << str[0] << "'): " << str;
throw std::logic_error(error.str());
break;
}
if (str.size() > 1 && str[1] != ':')
{
std::ostringstream error;
error << "Error (illegal FEN, unexpected character"
" `" << str[1] << "'): " << str;
throw std::logic_error(error.str());
}
bitboard a_piece;
std::string::size_type p;
player color = board::BLACK;
bool is_king = false;
unsigned int i = 0;
std::string::size_type str_size = str.size();
for (p = 2; p < str_size; ++p)
{
switch (str[p])
{
case 'B':
if (':' != str[p - 1])
{
std::ostringstream error;
error << "Error (illegal FEN,"
" unexpected character `B'"
" after `" << str[p - 1] << "'"
"): " << str;
throw std::logic_error(error.str());
}
color = board::BLACK;
break;
case 'W':
if (':' != str[p - 1])
{
std::ostringstream error;
error << "Error (illegal FEN,"
" unexpected character `W'"
" after `" << str[p - 1] << "'"
"): " << str;
throw std::logic_error(error.str());
}
color = board::WHITE;
break;
case ':':
if (p + 1 >= str_size ||
('B' != str[p + 1] && 'W' != str[p + 1]))
{
std::ostringstream error;
error << "Error (illegal FEN,"
" unexpected character"
" `" << str[p + 1] << "'"
" after `:'): " << str;
throw std::logic_error(error.str());
}
// Intentionally no break
goto parse_piece;
case ',':
if (str[p - 1] < '0' || str[p - 1] > '9')
{
std::ostringstream error;
error << "Error (illegal FEN,"
" unexpected character `,'"
" after `" << str[p - 1] << "'"
"): " << str;
throw std::logic_error(error.str());
}
parse_piece:
if (0 == i || i > 32)
{
std::ostringstream error;
error << "Error (illegal FEN,"
" square number `" << i << "'"
" out of range): " << str;
throw std::logic_error(error.str());
}
a_piece = bitboard(0x1U << (i - 1));
if ((this->_black_pieces | this->_white_pieces)
& a_piece)
{
std::ostringstream error;
error << "Error (illegal FEN,"
" square number `" << i << "'"
" repeated): " << str;
throw std::logic_error(error.str());
}
if (board::BLACK == color)
{
this->_black_pieces |= a_piece;
}
else
{
this->_white_pieces |= a_piece;
}
if (is_king)
{
this->_kings |= a_piece;
}
is_king = false;
i = 0;
break;
case 'K':
if (',' != str[p - 1] && 'B' != str[p - 1] &&
'W' != str[p - 1])
{
std::ostringstream error;
error << "Error (illegal FEN,"
" unexpected character `K'"
" after `" << str[p - 1] << "'"
"): " << str;
throw std::logic_error(error.str());
}
is_king = true;
break;
case '0':
// Fall through
case '1':
// Fall through
case '2':
// Fall through
case '3':
// Fall through
case '4':
// Fall through
case '5':
// Fall through
case '6':
// Fall through
case '7':
// Fall through
case '8':
// Fall through
case '9':
i *= 10;
i += (str[p] - '0');
break;
default:
std::ostringstream error;
error << "Error (illegal FEN, unexpected"
" character `" << str[p] << "'"
"): " << str;
throw std::logic_error(error.str());
break;
}
} // for
if (0 == i || i > 32)
{
std::ostringstream error;
error << "Error (illegal FEN, square number"
" `" << i << "' out of range): " << str;
throw std::logic_error(error.str());
}
a_piece = bitboard(0x1U << (i - 1));
if ((this->_black_pieces | this->_white_pieces) & a_piece)
{
std::ostringstream error;
error << "Error (illegal FEN, square number"
" `" << i << "' repeated): " << str;
throw std::logic_error(error.str());
}
if (board::BLACK == color)
{
this->_black_pieces |= a_piece;
}
else
{
this->_white_pieces |= a_piece;
}
if (is_king)
{
this->_kings |= a_piece;
}
this->_zobrist = this->build_zobrist();
assert(!(this->_black_pieces & this->_white_pieces));
assert(((this->_black_pieces | this->_white_pieces) &
this->_kings) == this->_kings);
}
bool board::is_valid_move(const move& move) const
{
std::vector<class move> legal_moves = this->generate_moves();
return legal_moves.end() !=
std::find(legal_moves.begin(), legal_moves.end(), move);
}
/** @return whether the player has dark pieces move once more.
*/
bool board::make_black_move(const move& move)
{
this->_black_pieces &= ~move.get_src();
this->_zobrist.change_black_piece(move.get_src());
this->_black_pieces |= move.get_dest();
this->_zobrist.change_black_piece(move.get_dest());
if (this->_kings & move.get_src())
{
this->_kings &= ~move.get_src();
this->_zobrist.change_king(move.get_src());
this->_kings |= move.get_dest();
this->_zobrist.change_king(move.get_dest());
}
if (move.will_crown())
{
this->_kings |= move.get_dest();
this->_zobrist.change_king(move.get_dest());
}
if (move.get_capture())
{
this->_white_pieces &= ~move.get_capture();
this->_zobrist.change_white_piece(move.get_capture());
if (move.will_capture_a_king())
{
this->_kings &= ~move.get_capture();
this->_zobrist.change_king(move.get_capture());
}
if (!move.will_crown() &&
(move.get_dest() & this->get_black_jumpers()))
{
assert(!(this->_black_pieces &
this->_white_pieces));
assert(((this->_black_pieces |
this->_white_pieces) &
this->_kings) == this->_kings);
assert(this->build_zobrist() == this->_zobrist);
/** @retval true when the player has dark
* pieces jumps once more (Capture multiple
* opposing pieces in a single turn).
*/
return true;
}
}
this->_player = board::WHITE;
this->_zobrist.change_side();
assert(!(this->_black_pieces & this->_white_pieces));
assert(((this->_black_pieces | this->_white_pieces) &
this->_kings) == this->_kings);
assert(this->build_zobrist() == this->_zobrist);
/// @retval false when change side.
return false;
}
/** @return whether the player has light pieces move once more.
*/
bool board::make_white_move(const move& move)
{
this->_white_pieces &= ~move.get_src();
this->_zobrist.change_white_piece(move.get_src());
this->_white_pieces |= move.get_dest();
this->_zobrist.change_white_piece(move.get_dest());
if (this->_kings & move.get_src())
{
this->_kings &= ~move.get_src();
this->_zobrist.change_king(move.get_src());
this->_kings |= move.get_dest();
this->_zobrist.change_king(move.get_dest());
}
if (move.will_crown())
{
this->_kings |= move.get_dest();
this->_zobrist.change_king(move.get_dest());
}
if (move.get_capture())
{
this->_black_pieces &= ~move.get_capture();
this->_zobrist.change_black_piece(move.get_capture());
if (move.will_capture_a_king())
{
this->_kings &= ~move.get_capture();
this->_zobrist.change_king(move.get_capture());
}
if (!move.will_crown() &&
(move.get_dest() & this->get_white_jumpers()))
{
assert(!(this->_black_pieces &
this->_white_pieces));
assert(((this->_black_pieces |
this->_white_pieces) &
this->_kings) == this->_kings);
assert(this->build_zobrist() == this->_zobrist);
/** @retval true when the player has light
* pieces jumps once more (Capture multiple
* opposing pieces in a single turn).
*/
return true;
}
}
this->_player = board::BLACK;
this->_zobrist.change_side();
assert(!(this->_black_pieces & this->_white_pieces));
assert(((this->_black_pieces | this->_white_pieces) &
this->_kings) == this->_kings);
assert(this->build_zobrist() == this->_zobrist);
/// @retval false when change side.
return false;
}
void board::undo_black_move(const move& move)
{
if (this->is_white_to_move())
{
this->_player = board::BLACK;
this->_zobrist.change_side();
}
if (move.get_capture())
{
if (move.will_capture_a_king())
{
this->_kings |= move.get_capture();
this->_zobrist.change_king(move.get_capture());
}
this->_white_pieces |= move.get_capture();
this->_zobrist.change_white_piece(move.get_capture());
}
if (move.will_crown())
{
this->_kings &= ~move.get_dest();
this->_zobrist.change_king(move.get_dest());
}
if (this->_kings & move.get_dest())
{
this->_kings &= ~move.get_dest();
this->_zobrist.change_king(move.get_dest());
this->_kings |= move.get_src();
this->_zobrist.change_king(move.get_src());
}
this->_black_pieces &= ~move.get_dest();
this->_zobrist.change_black_piece(move.get_dest());
this->_black_pieces |= move.get_src();
this->_zobrist.change_black_piece(move.get_src());
assert(!(this->_black_pieces & this->_white_pieces));
assert(((this->_black_pieces | this->_white_pieces) &
this->_kings) == this->_kings);
assert(this->build_zobrist() == this->_zobrist);
}
void board::undo_white_move(const move& move)
{
if (this->is_black_to_move())
{
this->_player = board::WHITE;
this->_zobrist.change_side();
}
if (move.get_capture())
{
if (move.will_capture_a_king())
{
this->_kings |= move.get_capture();
this->_zobrist.change_king(move.get_capture());
}
this->_black_pieces |= move.get_capture();
this->_zobrist.change_black_piece(move.get_capture());
}
if (move.will_crown())
{
this->_kings &= ~move.get_dest();
this->_zobrist.change_king(move.get_dest());
}
if (this->_kings & move.get_dest())
{
this->_kings &= ~move.get_dest();
this->_zobrist.change_king(move.get_dest());
this->_kings |= move.get_src();
this->_zobrist.change_king(move.get_src());
}
this->_white_pieces &= ~move.get_dest();
this->_zobrist.change_white_piece(move.get_dest());
this->_white_pieces |= move.get_src();
this->_zobrist.change_white_piece(move.get_src());
assert(!(this->_black_pieces & this->_white_pieces));
assert(((this->_black_pieces | this->_white_pieces) &
this->_kings) == this->_kings);
assert(this->build_zobrist() == this->_zobrist);
}
/** @return whether the same player move once more.
*/
bool board::make_move(const move& move)
{
assert(this->is_valid_move(move));
/** @retval true if multiple opposing pieces may be captured in
* a single turn, and this move is not the last move in this
* turn. The same player will make move once more.
* @retval false if the other player will make the next move.
*/
return this->is_black_to_move() ?
this->make_black_move(move) :
this->make_white_move(move);
}
void board::undo_move(const move& move)
{
if (move.get_dest() & this->_black_pieces)
{
this->undo_black_move(move);
}
else
{
this->undo_white_move(move);
}
assert(this->is_valid_move(move));
}
bitboard board::get_black_movers(void) const
{
const bitboard unoccupied = this->get_unoccupied();
const bitboard black_kings = this->get_black_kings();
bitboard movers = (unoccupied >> 4) & this->_black_pieces;
movers |= ((unoccupied & bitboard::MASK_R3) >> 3)
& this->_black_pieces;
movers |= ((unoccupied & bitboard::MASK_R5) >> 5)
& this->_black_pieces;
if (black_kings)
{
movers |= (unoccupied << 4) & black_kings;
movers |= ((unoccupied & bitboard::MASK_L3) << 3)
& black_kings;
movers |= ((unoccupied & bitboard::MASK_L5) << 5)
& black_kings;
}
return movers;
}
bitboard board::get_white_movers(void) const
{
const bitboard unoccupied = this->get_unoccupied();
const bitboard white_kings = this->get_white_kings();
bitboard movers = (unoccupied << 4) & this->_white_pieces;
movers |= ((unoccupied & bitboard::MASK_L3) << 3)
& this->_white_pieces;
movers |= ((unoccupied & bitboard::MASK_L5) << 5)
& this->_white_pieces;
if (white_kings)
{
movers |= (unoccupied >> 4) & white_kings;
movers |= ((unoccupied & bitboard::MASK_R3) >> 3)
& white_kings;
movers |= ((unoccupied & bitboard::MASK_R5) >> 5)
& white_kings;
}
return movers;
}
bitboard board::get_black_jumpers(void) const
{
const bitboard unoccupied = this->get_unoccupied();
const bitboard black_kings = this->get_black_kings();
bitboard movers = bitboard(bitboard::EMPTY);
// White pieces next to not occupied squares
bitboard temp = (unoccupied >> 4) & this->_white_pieces;
if (temp)
{
movers |= (((temp & bitboard::MASK_R3) >> 3)
| ((temp & bitboard::MASK_R5) >> 5))
& this->_black_pieces;
}
temp = (((unoccupied & bitboard::MASK_R3) >> 3) |
((unoccupied & bitboard::MASK_R5) >> 5))
& this->_white_pieces;
if (temp)
{
movers |= (temp >> 4) & this->_black_pieces;
}
if (black_kings)
{
temp = (unoccupied << 4) & this->_white_pieces;
if (temp)
{
movers |= (((temp & bitboard::MASK_L3) << 3)
| ((temp & bitboard::MASK_L5) << 5))
& black_kings;
}
temp = (((unoccupied & bitboard::MASK_L3) << 3) |
((unoccupied & bitboard::MASK_L5) << 5))
& this->_white_pieces;
if (temp)
{
movers |= (temp << 4) & black_kings;
}
}
return movers;
}
bitboard board::get_white_jumpers(void) const
{
const bitboard unoccupied = this->get_unoccupied();
const bitboard white_kings = this->get_white_kings();
bitboard movers = bitboard(bitboard::EMPTY);
// Black pieces next to not occupied squares
bitboard temp = (unoccupied << 4) & this->_black_pieces;
if (temp)
{
movers |= (((temp & bitboard::MASK_L3) << 3)
| ((temp & bitboard::MASK_L5) << 5))
& this->_white_pieces;
}
temp = (((unoccupied & bitboard::MASK_L3) << 3) |
((unoccupied & bitboard::MASK_L5) << 5))
& this->_black_pieces;
if (temp)
{
movers |= (temp << 4) & this->_white_pieces;
}
if (white_kings)
{
temp = (unoccupied >> 4) & this->_black_pieces;
if (temp)
{
movers |= (((temp & bitboard::MASK_R3) >> 3)
| ((temp & bitboard::MASK_R5) >> 5))
& white_kings;
}
temp = (((unoccupied & bitboard::MASK_R3) >> 3) |
((unoccupied & bitboard::MASK_R5) >> 5))
& this->_black_pieces;
if (temp)
{
movers |= (temp >> 4) & white_kings;
}
}
return movers;
}
std::vector<move> board::generate_black_moves(void) const
{
std::vector<move> moves;
moves.reserve(42);
bitboard black_movers = this->get_black_movers();
bitboard src;
bitboard dest;
const bitboard unoccupied = this->get_unoccupied();
while (black_movers)
{
src = black_movers.lsb();
black_movers &= ~src;
dest = (src << 4) & unoccupied;
if (dest)
{
moves.push_back(move(src, dest,
bitboard(bitboard::EMPTY), false,
!(src & this->_kings) &&
(dest & bitboard::BLACK_KINGS_ROW)));
}
dest = (((src & bitboard::MASK_L3) << 3) |
((src & bitboard::MASK_L5) << 5)) &
unoccupied;
if (dest)
{
moves.push_back(move(src, dest,
bitboard(bitboard::EMPTY), false,
!(src & this->_kings) &&
(dest & bitboard::BLACK_KINGS_ROW)));
}
if (src & this->_kings)
{
dest = (src >> 4) & unoccupied;
if (dest)
{
moves.push_back(move(src, dest,
bitboard(bitboard::EMPTY),
false, false));
}
dest = (((src & bitboard::MASK_R3) >> 3) |
((src & bitboard::MASK_R5) >> 5)) &
unoccupied;
if (dest)
{
moves.push_back(move(src, dest,
bitboard(bitboard::EMPTY),
false, false));
}
}
}
return moves;
}
std::vector<move> board::generate_white_moves(void) const
{
std::vector<move> moves;
moves.reserve(42);
bitboard white_movers = this->get_white_movers();
bitboard src;
bitboard dest;
const bitboard unoccupied = this->get_unoccupied();
while (white_movers)
{
src = white_movers.lsb();
white_movers &= ~src;
dest = (src >> 4) & unoccupied;
if (dest)
{
moves.push_back(move(src, dest,
bitboard(bitboard::EMPTY), false,
!(src & this->_kings) &&
(dest & bitboard::WHITE_KINGS_ROW)));
}
dest = (((src & bitboard::MASK_R3) >> 3) |
((src & bitboard::MASK_R5) >> 5)) &
unoccupied;
if (dest)
{
moves.push_back(move(src, dest,
bitboard(bitboard::EMPTY), false,
!(src & this->_kings) &&
(dest & bitboard::WHITE_KINGS_ROW)));
}
if (src & this->_kings)
{
dest = (src << 4) & unoccupied;
if (dest)
{
moves.push_back(move(src, dest,
bitboard(bitboard::EMPTY),
false, false));
}
dest = (((src & bitboard::MASK_L3) << 3) |
((src & bitboard::MASK_L5) << 5)) &
unoccupied;
if (dest)
{
moves.push_back(move(src, dest,
bitboard(bitboard::EMPTY),
false, false));
}
}
}
return moves;
}
std::vector<move> board::generate_black_jumps(void) const
{
std::vector<move> moves;
moves.reserve(42);
bitboard black_jumpers = this->get_black_jumpers();
bitboard src;
bitboard dest;
bitboard capture;
const bitboard unoccupied = this->get_unoccupied();
while (black_jumpers)
{
src = black_jumpers.lsb();
black_jumpers &= ~src;
capture = (src << 4) & this->_white_pieces;
if (capture)
{
dest = (((capture & bitboard::MASK_L3) << 3) |
((capture & bitboard::MASK_L5) << 5)) &
unoccupied;
if (dest)
{
moves.push_back(move(src, dest,
capture, capture & this->_kings,
!(src & this->_kings) && (dest
& bitboard::BLACK_KINGS_ROW)));
}
}
capture = (((src & bitboard::MASK_L3) << 3) |
((src & bitboard::MASK_L5) << 5)) &
this->_white_pieces;
if (capture)
{
dest = (capture << 4) & unoccupied;
if (dest)
{
moves.push_back(move(src, dest,
capture, capture & this->_kings,
!(src & this->_kings) && (dest
& bitboard::BLACK_KINGS_ROW)));
}
}
if (src & this->_kings)
{
capture = (src >> 4) & this->_white_pieces;
if (capture)
{
dest = (((capture & bitboard::MASK_R3)
>> 3) |
((capture & bitboard::MASK_R5)
>> 5)) & unoccupied;
if (dest)
{
moves.push_back(move(
src, dest, capture,
capture & this->_kings,
false));
}
}
capture = (((src & bitboard::MASK_R3) >> 3) |
((src & bitboard::MASK_R5) >> 5)) &
this->_white_pieces;
if (capture)
{
dest = (capture >> 4) & unoccupied;
if (dest)
{
moves.push_back(move(
src, dest, capture,
capture & this->_kings,
false));
}
}
}
}
return moves;
}
std::vector<move> board::generate_white_jumps(void) const
{
std::vector<move> moves;
moves.reserve(42);
bitboard white_jumpers = this->get_white_jumpers();
bitboard src;
bitboard dest;
bitboard capture;
const bitboard unoccupied = this->get_unoccupied();
while (white_jumpers)
{
src = white_jumpers.lsb();
white_jumpers &= ~src;
capture = (src >> 4) & this->_black_pieces;
if (capture)
{
dest = (((capture & bitboard::MASK_R3) >> 3) |
((capture & bitboard::MASK_R5) >> 5)) &
unoccupied;
if (dest)
{
moves.push_back(move(src, dest,
capture, capture & this->_kings,
!(src & this->_kings) && (dest
& bitboard::WHITE_KINGS_ROW)));
}
}
capture = (((src & bitboard::MASK_R3) >> 3) |
((src & bitboard::MASK_R5) >> 5)) &
this->_black_pieces;
if (capture)
{
dest = (capture >> 4) & unoccupied;
if (dest)
{
moves.push_back(move(src, dest,
capture, capture & this->_kings,
!(src & this->_kings) && (dest
& bitboard::WHITE_KINGS_ROW)));
}
}
if (src & this->_kings)
{
capture = (src << 4) & this->_black_pieces;
if (capture)
{
dest = (((capture & bitboard::MASK_L3)
<< 3) |
((capture & bitboard::MASK_L5)
<< 5)) & unoccupied;
if (dest)
{
moves.push_back(move(
src, dest, capture,
capture & this->_kings,
false));
}
}
capture = (((src & bitboard::MASK_L3) << 3) |
((src & bitboard::MASK_L5) << 5)) &
this->_black_pieces;
if (capture)
{
dest = (capture << 4) & unoccupied;
if (dest)
{
moves.push_back(move(
src, dest, capture,
capture & this->_kings,
false));
}
}
}
}
return moves;
}
std::vector<move> board::generate_moves(void) const
{
return (this->is_black_to_move()) ?
(this->get_black_jumpers() ?
this->generate_black_jumps() :
this->generate_black_moves()) :
(this->get_white_jumpers() ?
this->generate_white_jumps() :
this->generate_white_moves());
}
/** @param str The movetext.
* Movetext contains the actual moves for the game. Moves begin with
* the source square number, then a "-" or "x", finally destination
* square number.
*/
move board::parse_move(const std::string& str) const
{
if (str.empty())
{
/** @throw std::logic_error while @e str has wrong
* format.
*/
throw std::logic_error("Error (illegal move,"
" empty): " + str);
}
std::string::size_type p;
unsigned int i = 0;
std::vector<bitboard> squares;
bool is_jump = true;
std::string::size_type str_size = str.size();
for (p = 0; p < str_size; ++p)
{
switch (str[p])
{
case '-':
if (p > 3)
{
std::ostringstream error;
error << "Error (illegal move,"
" unexpected character"
" `-'): " << str;
throw std::logic_error(error.str());
}
is_jump = false;
// Intentionally no break
case 'x':
if (p > 3 && !is_jump)
{
std::ostringstream error;
error << "Error (illegal move,"
" unexpected character"
" `x'): " << str;
throw std::logic_error(error.str());
}
if (0 == i || i > 32)
{
std::ostringstream error;
error << "Error (illegal move,"
" square number `" << i << "'"
" out of range): " << str;
throw std::logic_error(error.str());
}
squares.push_back(bitboard(0x1U << (i - 1)));
i = 0;
break;
case '0':
// Intentionally no break
case '1':
// Intentionally no break
case '2':
// Intentionally no break
case '3':