colorweave.py

import sys
from collections import Counter, namedtuple, OrderedDict
from operator import itemgetter, mul, attrgetter
import colorsys
import webcolors
try:
    from urllib.request import urlopen
except ImportError:
    from urllib import urlopen
from PIL import Image as Im
from PIL import ImageChops, ImageDraw
from colormath.color_conversions import convert_color
from colormath.color_diff import delta_e_cmc
from colormath.color_objects import sRGBColor, LabColor
import io
import json
import random
from math import sqrt

Color = namedtuple('Color', ['value', 'prominence'])
Palette = namedtuple('Palette', 'colors bgcolor')
Point = namedtuple('Point', ('coords', 'n', 'ct'))
Cluster = namedtuple('Cluster', ('points', 'center', 'n'))

convert3To21 = {"indigo": "purple", "gold": "orange", "firebrick": "red", "indianred": "red", "yellow": "yellow", "darkolivegreen": "green", "darkseagreen": "green", "mediumvioletred": "pink", "mediumorchid": "purple", "chartreuse": "green", "mediumslateblue": "purple", "black": "black", "springgreen": "green", "orange": "orange", "lightsalmon": "red", "brown": "brown", "turquoise": "teal", "olivedrab": "green", "cyan": "cyan", "silver": "gray", "skyblue": "blue", "darkturquoise": "teal", "goldenrod": "brown", "darkgreen": "green", "darkviolet": "purple", "darkgray": "gray", "lightpink": "pink", "teal": "teal", "darkmagenta": "purple", "lightgoldenrodyellow": "yellow", "lavender": "purple", "yellowgreen": "green", "thistle": "purple", "violet": "purple", "navy": "blue", "dimgrey": "gray", "orchid": "purple", "blue": "blue", "ghostwhite": "white", "honeydew": "white", "cornflowerblue": "blue", "darkblue": "blue", "darkkhaki": "yellow", "mediumpurple": "purple", "cornsilk": "brown", "red": "red", "bisque": "brown", "slategray": "gray", "darkcyan": "teal", "khaki": "yellow", "wheat": "brown", "deepskyblue": "blue", "darkred": "red", "steelblue": "blue", "aliceblue": "white", "lightslategrey": "gray", "gainsboro": "gray", "mediumturquoise": "teal", "floralwhite": "white", "coral": "orange", "aqua": "cyan", "burlywood": "brown", "darksalmon": "red", "beige": "white", "azure": "white", "lightsteelblue": "blue", "oldlace": "white", "greenyellow": "green", "fuchsia": "purple", "lightseagreen": "teal", "mistyrose": "white", "sienna": "brown", "lightcoral": "red", "orangered": "orange", "navajowhite": "brown", "lime": "green", "palegreen": "green", "lightcyan": "cyan", "seashell": "white", "mediumspringgreen": "green", "royalblue": "blue", "papayawhip": "yellow", "blanchedalmond": "brown", "peru": "brown", "aquamarine": "cyan", "white": "white", "darkslategray": "gray", "lightgray": "gray", "ivory": "white", "dodgerblue": "blue", "lawngreen": "green", "chocolate": "brown", "crimson": "red", "forestgreen": "green", "slateblue": "purple", "olive": "green", "mintcream": "white", "antiquewhite": "white", "hotpink": "pink", "moccasin": "yellow", "limegreen": "green", "saddlebrown": "brown", "grey": "gray", "darkslateblue": "purple", "lightskyblue": "blue", "deeppink": "pink", "plum": "purple", "darkgoldenrod": "brown", "maroon": "maroon", "sandybrown": "brown", "tan": "brown", "magenta": "purple", "rosybrown": "brown", "pink": "pink", "lightblue": "blue", "palevioletred": "pink", "mediumseagreen": "green", "linen": "white", "darkorange": "orange", "powderblue": "blue", "seagreen": "green", "snow": "white", "mediumblue": "blue", "midnightblue": "blue", "paleturquoise": "cyan", "palegoldenrod": "yellow", "whitesmoke": "white", "darkorchid": "purple", "salmon": "red", "lemonchiffon": "yellow", "lightgreen": "green", "tomato": "orange", "cadetblue": "teal", "lightyellow": "yellow", "lavenderblush": "white", "purple": "purple", "mediumaquamarine": "cyan", "green": "green", "blueviolet": "purple", "peachpuff": "yellow"}

def prepare_output(colors, format):
    ''' Prepares the output determined by what format is given. If no format, then list of hex codes is returned '''

    if not format:
        return colors
    elif format == 'css3':
        output = {}
        for color in colors:
            output[color] = get_color_name(hex_to_rgb(color))
        return output
    elif format == 'css21':
        output = {}
        for color in colors:
            output[color] = convert3To21[get_color_name(hex_to_rgb(color))]
        return output
    elif format == 'full':
        output = {}
        for color in colors:
            name = get_color_name(hex_to_rgb(color))
            if convert3To21[name] not in list(output.keys()):
                output[convert3To21[name]] = [{name : color}]
            else:
                output[convert3To21[name]].append({name : color})
        return output
    elif format == 'fullest':
        output = {}
        output['hex'] = colors
        output['css3'] = {}
        output['css21'] = {}
        output['tree'] = {}

        for color in colors:
            output['css3'][color] = get_color_name(hex_to_rgb(color))

        for color in colors:
            output['css21'][color] = convert3To21[get_color_name(hex_to_rgb(color))]

        for color in colors:
            name = get_color_name(hex_to_rgb(color))
            if convert3To21[name] not in list(output['tree'].keys()):
                output['tree'][convert3To21[name]] = [{name : color}]
            else:
                output['tree'][convert3To21[name]].append({name : color})
        return output

def closest_color(requested_color):
    ''' Find the name of the closest color given a requested color. '''

    min_colors = {}
    for key, name in list(webcolors.css3_hex_to_names.items()):
        r_c, g_c, b_c = webcolors.hex_to_rgb(key)
        rd = (r_c - requested_color[0]) ** 2
        gd = (g_c - requested_color[1]) ** 2
        bd = (b_c - requested_color[2]) ** 2
        min_colors[(rd + gd + bd)] = name
    return min_colors[min(min_colors.keys())]

def get_color_name(requested_color):
    ''' Get the name of a color (either according to CSS3 or CSS2.1). If exact color cannot be mapped, this method finds the closest color. '''

    try:
        closest_name = actual_name = webcolors.rgb_to_name(requested_color)
    except ValueError:
        closest_name = closest_color(requested_color)
        actual_name = None
    return closest_name

def distance(c1, c2):
    ''' Calculate the visual distance between the two colors. '''
    rgbc1 = sRGBColor(*c1)
    rgbc2 = sRGBColor(*c2)
    return delta_e_cmc(convert_color(rgbc1, LabColor), convert_color(rgbc2, LabColor))

def rgb_to_hex(color):
    ''' Convert from RGB to Hex. '''
    return '#%.02x%.02x%.02x' % color

def hex_to_rgb(color):
    ''' Convert from Hex to RGB. '''
    assert color.startswith('#') and len(color) == 7
    return (int(color[1:3], 16), int(color[3:5], 16), int(color[5:7], 16))

def extract_colors(imageData, n, format, output):
    """
    Determine what the major colors are in the given image.
    """

    WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
    BLACK = (0, 0, 0)

    # algorithm tuning
    N_QUANTIZED = 100       # start with an adaptive palette of this size
    MIN_DISTANCE = 10.0     # min distance to consider two colors different
    MIN_PROMINENCE = 0.01   # ignore if less than this proportion of image
    MIN_SATURATION = 0.05   # ignore if not saturated enough
    BACKGROUND_PROMINENCE = 0.5     # level of prominence indicating a bg color

    if n:
        MAX_COLORS = int(n)
    else:
        MAX_COLORS = 5

    im = Im.open(imageData)

    # get point color count
    if im.mode != 'RGB':
        im = im.convert('RGB')
    im = autocrop(im, WHITE) # assume white box
    im = im.convert('P', palette=Im.ADAPTIVE, colors=N_QUANTIZED,
            ).convert('RGB')
    data = im.getdata()
    dist = Counter(data)
    n_pixels = mul(*im.size)

    # aggregate colors
    to_canonical = {WHITE: WHITE, BLACK: BLACK}
    aggregated = Counter({WHITE: 0, BLACK: 0})
    sorted_cols = sorted(iter(list(dist.items())), key=itemgetter(1), reverse=True)
    for c, n in sorted_cols:
        if c in aggregated:
            # exact match!
            aggregated[c] += n
        else:
            d, nearest = min((distance(c, alt), alt) for alt in aggregated)
            if d < MIN_DISTANCE:
                # nearby match
                aggregated[nearest] += n
                to_canonical[c] = nearest
            else:
                # no nearby match
                aggregated[c] = n
                to_canonical[c] = c

    # order by prominence
    colors = sorted((Color(c, n / float(n_pixels)) \
                for (c, n) in list(aggregated.items())),
            key=attrgetter('prominence'),
            reverse=True)

    colors, bg_color = detect_background(im, colors, to_canonical)

    # keep any color which meets the minimum saturation
    sat_colors = [c for c in colors if meets_min_saturation(c, MIN_SATURATION)]
    if bg_color and not meets_min_saturation(bg_color, MIN_SATURATION):
        bg_color = None
    if sat_colors:
        colors = sat_colors
    else:
        # keep at least one color
        colors = colors[:1]

    # keep any color within 10% of the majority color
    colors = [c for c in colors if c.prominence >= colors[0].prominence
            * MIN_PROMINENCE][:MAX_COLORS]

    final_colors_hex = []
    for color in colors:
        final_colors_hex.append(rgb_to_hex(color[0]))

    if output == 'json':
        return json.dumps(prepare_output(final_colors_hex, format), indent=4)
    else:
        return prepare_output(final_colors_hex, format)

def norm_color(c):
    r, g, b = c
    return (r/255.0, g/255.0, b/255.0)

def detect_background(im, colors, to_canonical):
    BACKGROUND_PROMINENCE = 0.5
    # more then half the image means background
    if colors[0].prominence >= BACKGROUND_PROMINENCE:
        return colors[1:], colors[0]

    # work out the background color
    w, h = im.size
    points = [(0, 0), (0, h/2), (0, h-1), (w/2, h-1), (w-1, h-1),
            (w-1, h/2), (w-1, 0), (w/2, 0)]
    edge_dist = Counter(im.getpixel(p) for p in points)

    (majority_col, majority_count), = edge_dist.most_common(1)
    if majority_count >= 3:
        # we have a background color
        canonical_bg = to_canonical[majority_col]
        bg_color, = [c for c in colors if c.value == canonical_bg]
        colors = [c for c in colors if c.value != canonical_bg]
    else:
        # no background color
        bg_color = None

    return colors, bg_color

def meets_min_saturation(c, threshold):
    return colorsys.rgb_to_hsv(*norm_color(c.value))[1] > threshold

def autocrop(im, bgcolor):
    ''' Crop away a border of the given background color.'''

    if im.mode != "RGB":
        im = im.convert("RGB")
    bg = Im.new("RGB", im.size, bgcolor)
    diff = ImageChops.difference(im, bg)
    bbox = diff.getbbox()
    if bbox:
        return im.crop(bbox)

    return im # no contents, don't crop to nothing

def get_points(img):
    ''' Get all the points given an image. '''

    points = []
    w, h = img.size
    for count, color in img.getcolors(w * h):
        points.append(Point(color, 3, count))
    return points

# Lambda function to convert RGB to Hex
rtoh = lambda rgb: '#%s' % ''.join(('%02x' % p for p in rgb))

def colorz(imageData, n, format, output):
    ''' Main function to find the color palette using k-means clustering method. '''

    img = Im.open(imageData)
    img.thumbnail((200, 200)) # Resize the image for faster processing
    w, h = img.size

    if n:
        n = int(n)
    else:
        n = 5

    points = get_points(img) # Get all the points in an image
    clusters = kmeans(points, n, 10) # Find the clusters in an image, given n number of clusters and difference among the clusters
    rgbs = [list(map(int, c.center.coords)) for c in clusters]

    # Get the colors
    final_colors_hex = []
    for each_color in map(rtoh, rgbs):
        final_colors_hex.append(each_color)

    # Produce the output
    if output == 'json':
        return json.dumps(prepare_output(final_colors_hex, format), indent=4)
    else:
        return prepare_output(final_colors_hex, format)

def euclidean(p1, p2):
    ''' Get the euclidean distance between two points. '''
    return sqrt(sum([
        (p1.coords[i] - p2.coords[i]) ** 2 for i in range(p1.n)
    ]))

def calculate_center(points, n):
    vals = [0.0 for i in range(n)]
    plen = 0
    for p in points:
        plen += p.ct
        for i in range(n):
            vals[i] += (p.coords[i] * p.ct)
    return Point([(v / plen) for v in vals], n, 1)

def kmeans(points, k, min_diff):
    ''' Method to perform k-means clustering on the image points with k-clusters. '''

    #Form the clusters given k
    clusters = [Cluster([p], p, p.n) for p in random.sample(points, k)]

    while 1:
        plists = [[] for i in range(k)]

        for p in points:
            smallest_distance = float('Inf')
            for i in range(k):
                distance = euclidean(p, clusters[i].center)
                if distance < smallest_distance:
                    smallest_distance = distance
                    idx = i
            plists[idx].append(p)

        diff = 0
        for i in range(k):
            old = clusters[i]
            center = calculate_center(plists[i], old.n)
            new = Cluster(plists[i], center, old.n)
            clusters[i] = new
            diff = max(diff, euclidean(old.center, new.center))

        if diff < min_diff:
            break
    #Return all the clusters
    return clusters

def palette(**kwargs):
    # Parse all the options
    url = kwargs.get('url', '')
    n = kwargs.get('n', '')
    path = kwargs.get('path', '')
    mode = kwargs.get('mode', '')
    format = kwargs.get('format', '')
    output = kwargs.get('output', '')

    # If the image is given as a URL
    if url:
        imageFile = urlopen(url)
        imageData = io.BytesIO(imageFile.read())
        if not mode:
            return extract_colors(imageData, n, format, output)
        elif mode.lower() == 'kmeans' or mode.lower() == 'k-means':
            return colorz(imageData, n, format, output)
    # If image is given as a local file path
    elif path:
        if not mode:
            return extract_colors(path, n, format, output)
        elif mode.lower() == 'kmeans' or mode.lower() == 'k-means':
            return colorz(path, n, format, output)
    # Unknown format of image
    else:
        print("Unable to get image. Exiting.")
        sys.exit(0)