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<html>
<head>
<title>
ALSCAL - Multidimensional Scaling Program
</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor="#EEEEEE" link="#CC0000" alink="#FF3300" vlink="#000055">
<h1 align = "center">
ALSCAL <br> Multidimensional Scaling Program
</h1>
<hr>
<p>
<b>ALSCAL</b>
is a FORTRAN90 program which
carries out multidimensional scaling (MDS),
by Forrest Young and Rostyslaw Lewyckyj.
</p>
<p>
It uses
the alternating least squares approach to scaling. It is capable
of a wide range of analyses, and is suitable for any type of
two or three way data, measured at the nominal, ordinal, interval
or ratio level.
</p>
<h3 align = "center">
Related Data and Programs:
</h3>
<p>
<a href = "../../f_src/alscal_data_convert/alscal_data_convert.html">
ALSCAL_DATA_CONVERT</a>,
a FORTRAN90 program which
reads a data file containing object names and distances between objects
and reformats the data for input to ALSCAL.
</p>
<h3 align = "center">
Author:
</h3>
<p>
Forrest Young and Rostyslaw Lewyckyj
</p>
<h3 align = "center">
Reference:
</h3>
<p>
<ol>
<li>
Forrest Young, Rostyslaw Lewyckyj,<br>
ALSCAL User's Guide,<br>
L L Thurstone Psychometric Laboratory,<br>
University of North Carolina, <br>
Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
</li>
<li>
<a href = "http://forrest.psych.unc.edu/research/alscal.html">
the ALSCAL web page</a>.
</li>
</ol>
</p>
<h3 align = "center">
Source Code:
</h3>
<p>
<ul>
<li>
<a href = "alscal.f90">alscal.f90</a>, the source code;
</li>
<li>
<a href = "alscal.sh">alscal.sh</a>,
commands to compile and load the source code;
</li>
</ul>
</p>
<h3 align = "center">
Examples and Tests:
</h3>
<p>
<ul>
<li>
<a href = "car.txt">car.txt</a>, a dataset;
</li>
<li>
<a href = "car_output.txt">car_output.txt</a>, analysis of the car dataset;
</li>
<li>
<a href = "city.txt">city.txt</a>, a dataset;
</li>
<li>
<a href = "city2.txt">city2.txt</a>, a dataset;
</li>
<li>
<a href = "cityfam.txt">cityfam.txt</a>, a dataset;
</li>
<li>
<a href = "inddiff.txt">inddiff.txt</a>, a dataset;
</li>
<li>
<a href = "jakobo.txt">jakobo.txt</a>, a dataset;
</li>
<li>
<a href = "jones.txt">jones.txt</a>, a dataset;
</li>
<li>
<a href = "trade.txt">trade.txt</a>, a dataset;
</li>
</ul>
</p>
<h2 align = "center">
List of Routines:
</h2>
<p>
<ul>
<li>
<b>MAIN</b> is the main program.
</li>
<li>
<b>ARNGE</b> rearranges the weight and stimulus matrices.
</li>
<li>
<b>BLOC2</b> finds blocks of ties.
</li>
<li>
<b>CATSES</b> computes a discrete nominal transformation.
</li>
<li>
<b>CJEIG</b> computes the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a real symmetric matrix.
</li>
<li>
<b>CLEAR</b> clears the screen.
</li>
<li>
<b>COEF</b> obtains least stress coordinates.
</li>
<li>
<b>DISTP</b> computes distances and disparities for coordinates and weights.
</li>
<li>
<b>DRIVER</b> controls the flow of the program.
</li>
<li>
<b>EIGK</b> implements Kaiser's JK method for eigenanalysis of a real symmetric matrix.
</li>
<li>
<b>HITR</b> requests that the user hit RETURN, and waits for input.
</li>
<li>
<b>INIT</b> computes the initial configuration estimation in INDSCAL.
</li>
<li>
<b>INNER</b> computes stimulus coordinates.
</li>
<li>
<b>INSWM</b> computes the initial configuration for the stimulus weighted model.
</li>
<li>
<b>LENGTH</b> normalizes the length of disparities.
</li>
<li>
<b>LINT</b> performs constrained least squares linear regression.
</li>
<li>
<b>MINV</b> computes the inverse of a symmetric matrix.
</li>
<li>
<b>MSTRS</b> calculates the stress of two vectors and estimates missing data.
</li>
<li>
<b>NORMW</b> normalizes weight matrices for output.
</li>
<li>
<b>NORMX</b> normalizes the configuration for printing at end of job.
</li>
<li>
<b>OUTA</b> prints out asymmetric and rectangular matrices.
</li>
<li>
<b>OUTS</b> prints out symmetric matrices.
</li>
<li>
<b>PAGE</b> writes a form feed.
</li>
<li>
<b>PDDISP</b> prepares disparities for PDSCAL.
</li>
<li>
<b>PDDIST</b> calculates principal direction distances.
</li>
<li>
<b>PDINWT</b> obtains an initial estimate of the principal direction weights.
</li>
<li>
<b>PDMAIN</b> is the main subroutine for principal direction scaling.
</li>
<li>
<b>PDOUTT</b> prints Tucker's oblique decomposition of a subject's matrix of principal weights.
</li>
<li>
<b>PDOUTY</b> prints out CK, WK and XK.
</li>
<li>
<b>PDPLOT</b> plots each pair of directions of xk
</li>
<li>
<b>PDSCAL</b> computes principal direction weights.
</li>
<li>
<b>PDSTRS</b> calculates unnormalized stress.
</li>
<li>
<b>PDTUCK</b> obtains Tucker's oblique decomposition of WK.
</li>
<li>
<b>PDWGHT</b> calculates a(p,q), the weight of variable p on principal direction q.
</li>
<li>
<b>PDYUNG</b> obtains Young's principal directions solution.
</li>
<li>
<b>PLOTR</b> is a plot routine for ALSCAL.
</li>
<li>
<b>POLYF</b> does polynomial fitting.
</li>
<li>
<b>PPLOT</b> is a plot routine for ALSCAL.
</li>
<li>
<b>PRS</b> prepares ties for continuous ordinal transformation.
</li>
<li>
<b>SCUBE</b> solves a cubic equation.
</li>
<li>
<b>SES</b> prepares ties for discrete ordinal transformation.
</li>
<li>
<b>SHEL9</b> sorts data using Shell's sort.
</li>
<li>
<b>STEP0</b> reads and checks the problem parameters.
</li>
<li>
<b>STEP1</b> is the data input routine.
</li>
<li>
<b>STEP2</b> obtains starting configurations and scalings.
</li>
<li>
<b>STEP3</b> is the major computational routine.
</li>
<li>
<b>STEP3A</b> prints stress and correlations in distances.
</li>
<li>
<b>STEP4</b> outputs the results.
</li>
<li>
<b>TRS</b> computes Kruskal's least squares monotonic transformation.
</li>
<li>
<b>WPLOT</b> writes file "cplot.dat" for rotation of configuration by use of CPLOT.
</li>
</ul>
</p>
<p>
You can go up one level to <a href = "../f_src.html">
the FORTRAN90 source codes</a>.
</p>
<hr>
<i>
Last revised on 18 March 2008.
</i>
<!-- John Burkardt -->
</body>
</html>