feat(common): preconditions utility with coded errors

[petermetz]

Description

As a developer I want to have an easier way to assert truthy-ness of values so that I'm more productive in general and less likely to omit/forget crucial validation of method input parameters for example.

There's a lot of "manual" validation in the code as of right now and it would be nice to have something instead that is similar to Guava's Preconditions class just for Typescript so that we can replace these

    const fnTag = "DeployContractGoBinEndpointV1#constructor()";
    if (!options) {
      throw new Error(`${fnTag} options falsy.`);
    }
    if (!options.path) {
      throw new Error(`${fnTag} options.path falsy.`);
    }

with the much more concise version like this:

    const fnTag = "DeployContractGoBinEndpointV1#constructor()";
    Checks.truthy(options, `${fnTag} options`);
    Checks.truthy(options.path, `${fnTag} options.path`);

Acceptance Criteria

1. Create a class called Checks and another one called CodedError
2. Checks can do general assertions for truthy-ness and throw CodedError instances which are extended from the standard Error but add a code property which can make it easy to detect and equality compare two CodedError classes even if their message property varies because it has something in it that is a variable (like an ID of a transaction block or whatever else that's not static strings)
3. Both of these classes must work in the browser and have test coverage.

cc: @sfuji822 @takeutak @jonathan-m-hamilton