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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<title>9.3 Automated vehicles | Knowledge Pool</title>
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="9.3 Automated vehicles | Knowledge Pool" />
<meta name="twitter:description" content="This is a work-in-progress knowledge pool of the systemic impact of transport digitalisation and automation." />
<meta name="author" content="Institute for Transport Studies (IVe), University of Natural Resources and Life in Vienna" />
<meta name="date" content="2021-01-18" />
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<ul class="summary">
<li><a href="./">Knowledge Pool</a></li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="index.html"><a href="index.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>Preface</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="table-of-content.html"><a href="table-of-content.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>Table of content</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="1" data-path="intro.html"><a href="intro.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>1</b> Introduction</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2" data-path="infrastructure.html"><a href="infrastructure.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2</b> Physical road infrastructure</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.1" data-path="dedicated-lanes-for-connected-and-automated-vehicles-cav.html"><a href="dedicated-lanes-for-connected-and-automated-vehicles-cav.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.1</b> Dedicated lanes for connected and automated vehicles (CAV)</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="dedicated-lanes-for-connected-and-automated-vehicles-cav.html"><a href="dedicated-lanes-for-connected-and-automated-vehicles-cav.html#synonyms"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>Synonyms</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="dedicated-lanes-for-connected-and-automated-vehicles-cav.html"><a href="dedicated-lanes-for-connected-and-automated-vehicles-cav.html#definition"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>Definition</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="dedicated-lanes-for-connected-and-automated-vehicles-cav.html"><a href="dedicated-lanes-for-connected-and-automated-vehicles-cav.html#key-stakeholders"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>Key stakeholders</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="dedicated-lanes-for-connected-and-automated-vehicles-cav.html"><a href="dedicated-lanes-for-connected-and-automated-vehicles-cav.html#current-state-of-art-in-research"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>Current state of art in research</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="dedicated-lanes-for-connected-and-automated-vehicles-cav.html"><a href="dedicated-lanes-for-connected-and-automated-vehicles-cav.html#current-state-of-art-in-practice"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>Current state of art in practice</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="dedicated-lanes-for-connected-and-automated-vehicles-cav.html"><a href="dedicated-lanes-for-connected-and-automated-vehicles-cav.html#relevant-initiatives-in-austria"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>Relevant initiatives in Austria</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="dedicated-lanes-for-connected-and-automated-vehicles-cav.html"><a href="dedicated-lanes-for-connected-and-automated-vehicles-cav.html#impacts-with-respect-to-sustainable-development-goals-sdgs"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>Impacts with respect to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="dedicated-lanes-for-connected-and-automated-vehicles-cav.html"><a href="dedicated-lanes-for-connected-and-automated-vehicles-cav.html#technology-and-societal-readiness-level"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>Technology and societal readiness level</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="dedicated-lanes-for-connected-and-automated-vehicles-cav.html"><a href="dedicated-lanes-for-connected-and-automated-vehicles-cav.html#open-questions"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>Open questions</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="dedicated-lanes-for-connected-and-automated-vehicles-cav.html"><a href="dedicated-lanes-for-connected-and-automated-vehicles-cav.html#further-links"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>Further links</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="" data-path="dedicated-lanes-for-connected-and-automated-vehicles-cav.html"><a href="dedicated-lanes-for-connected-and-automated-vehicles-cav.html#references"><i class="fa fa-check"></i>References</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.2" data-path="cooperative-lane-control-for-connected-and-automated-vehicles.html"><a href="cooperative-lane-control-for-connected-and-automated-vehicles.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.2</b> Cooperative lane control for connected and automated vehicles</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.3" data-path="operational-design-domains-odd.html"><a href="operational-design-domains-odd.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.3</b> Operational design domains (ODD)</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.4" data-path="rail-crossing-information-system.html"><a href="rail-crossing-information-system.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.4</b> Rail crossing information system</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.5" data-path="electric-road-system.html"><a href="electric-road-system.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.5</b> Electric road system</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.6" data-path="high-occupancy-toll-lanes.html"><a href="high-occupancy-toll-lanes.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.6</b> High occupancy toll lanes</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.7" data-path="public-transport-priority-systems.html"><a href="public-transport-priority-systems.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.7</b> Public transport priority systems</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="2.8" data-path="transformation-of-public-space-and-digital-solutions.html"><a href="transformation-of-public-space-and-digital-solutions.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>2.8</b> Transformation of public space and digital solutions</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3" data-path="highway.html"><a href="highway.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3</b> Highway infrastructure management</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.1" data-path="unmanned-aerial-vehicles-for-infrastructure-mainteinance.html"><a href="unmanned-aerial-vehicles-for-infrastructure-mainteinance.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.1</b> Unmanned aerial vehicles for infrastructure mainteinance</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="3.2" data-path="electric-charging-stations.html"><a href="electric-charging-stations.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>3.2</b> Electric charging stations</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4" data-path="traffic.html"><a href="traffic.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4</b> Traffic management</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.1" data-path="platooning.html"><a href="platooning.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.1</b> Platooning</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.2" data-path="real-time-traffic-information-and-monitoring.html"><a href="real-time-traffic-information-and-monitoring.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.2</b> Real-time traffic information and monitoring</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.3" data-path="cooperative-intelligent-transport-system.html"><a href="cooperative-intelligent-transport-system.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.3</b> Cooperative - intelligent transport system</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.4" data-path="dynamic-route-guidance.html"><a href="dynamic-route-guidance.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.4</b> Dynamic route guidance</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.5" data-path="variable-speed-limits-and-dynamic-signage-system.html"><a href="variable-speed-limits-and-dynamic-signage-system.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.5</b> Variable speed limits and dynamic signage system</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.6" data-path="passengers-and-goods-fleet-management.html"><a href="passengers-and-goods-fleet-management.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.6</b> Passengers and goods fleet management</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="4.7" data-path="urban-access-management.html"><a href="urban-access-management.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>4.7</b> Urban access management</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5" data-path="pricing.html"><a href="pricing.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5</b> Road pricing</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="5.1" data-path="congestion-charging.html"><a href="congestion-charging.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>5.1</b> Congestion charging</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6" data-path="digital.html"><a href="digital.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6</b> Digital road infrastructure and connectivity</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.1" data-path="vehicle-to-infrastructure-communication.html"><a href="vehicle-to-infrastructure-communication.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.1</b> Vehicle to infrastructure communication</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.2" data-path="infrastructure-support-levels-for-automated-driving.html"><a href="infrastructure-support-levels-for-automated-driving.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.2</b> Infrastructure support levels for automated driving</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.3" data-path="vehicle-to-vehicle-communication.html"><a href="vehicle-to-vehicle-communication.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.3</b> Vehicle to vehicle communication</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="6.4" data-path="wireless-communication.html"><a href="wireless-communication.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>6.4</b> Wireless communication</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7" data-path="passenger.html"><a href="passenger.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7</b> Passenger information system</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.1" data-path="digital-journey-planner.html"><a href="digital-journey-planner.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.1</b> Digital journey planner</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.2" data-path="rail-telematics-for-passenger-services.html"><a href="rail-telematics-for-passenger-services.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.2</b> Rail telematics for passenger services</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.3" data-path="multimodal-information-and-route-planning.html"><a href="multimodal-information-and-route-planning.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.3</b> Multimodal information and route planning</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="7.4" data-path="real-time-location-based-information.html"><a href="real-time-location-based-information.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>7.4</b> Real-time, location-based information</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8" data-path="multimodal.html"><a href="multimodal.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8</b> Multimodal integrated system</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.1" data-path="first-last-mile-solutions.html"><a href="first-last-mile-solutions.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.1</b> First-last mile solutions</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.2" data-path="distance-or-time-based-fares.html"><a href="distance-or-time-based-fares.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.2</b> Distance or time-based fares</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.3" data-path="mobility-as-a-service.html"><a href="mobility-as-a-service.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.3</b> Mobility as a service</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.4" data-path="park-and-ride.html"><a href="park-and-ride.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.4</b> Park and ride</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.5" data-path="contantless-public-transport-cards.html"><a href="contantless-public-transport-cards.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.5</b> Contantless public transport cards</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.6" data-path="information-and-assistance-for-people-with-special-needs.html"><a href="information-and-assistance-for-people-with-special-needs.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.6</b> Information and assistance for people with special needs</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="8.7" data-path="mobilityfreight-hubs.html"><a href="mobilityfreight-hubs.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>8.7</b> Mobility/Freight hubs</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9" data-path="connected.html"><a href="connected.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9</b> Connected and autonomous driving</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.1" data-path="parking-infrastructure-for-autonomous-vehicles.html"><a href="parking-infrastructure-for-autonomous-vehicles.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.1</b> Parking infrastructure for autonomous vehicles</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.2" data-path="connected-vehicles.html"><a href="connected-vehicles.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.2</b> Connected vehicles</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="9.3" data-path="automated-vehicles.html"><a href="automated-vehicles.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>9.3</b> Automated vehicles</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10" data-path="onboard.html"><a href="onboard.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10</b> On-board technology for connected and automated vehicles</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.1" data-path="advanced-driver-assistance-system.html"><a href="advanced-driver-assistance-system.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.1</b> Advanced driver assistance system</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.2" data-path="parking-assistance-system.html"><a href="parking-assistance-system.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.2</b> Parking assistance system</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.3" data-path="lane-keeping.html"><a href="lane-keeping.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.3</b> Lane keeping</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.4" data-path="distane-keeping.html"><a href="distane-keeping.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.4</b> Distane keeping</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.5" data-path="crash-avoidance.html"><a href="crash-avoidance.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.5</b> Crash avoidance</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.6" data-path="mainteinance-assistance.html"><a href="mainteinance-assistance.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.6</b> Mainteinance assistance</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.7" data-path="digital-maps.html"><a href="digital-maps.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.7</b> Digital maps</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.8" data-path="e-horizon.html"><a href="e-horizon.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.8</b> E-Horizon</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="10.9" data-path="emergency-call.html"><a href="emergency-call.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>10.9</b> Emergency call</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11" data-path="freight.html"><a href="freight.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11</b> Freight and commercial transport</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11.1" data-path="automated-road-freight.html"><a href="automated-road-freight.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11.1</b> Automated road freight</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11.2" data-path="freight-dreyage-optimisation.html"><a href="freight-dreyage-optimisation.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11.2</b> Freight dreyage optimisation</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11.3" data-path="tracking-and-tracing-of-dangerous-goods.html"><a href="tracking-and-tracing-of-dangerous-goods.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11.3</b> Tracking and tracing of dangerous goods</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11.4" data-path="intermodal-freight.html"><a href="intermodal-freight.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11.4</b> Intermodal Freight</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11.5" data-path="real-time-disruption-management-and-route-planning.html"><a href="real-time-disruption-management-and-route-planning.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11.5</b> Real-time disruption management and route planning</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11.6" data-path="traffic-signal-control.html"><a href="traffic-signal-control.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11.6</b> Traffic signal control</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11.7" data-path="urban-deliveries.html"><a href="urban-deliveries.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11.7</b> Urban Deliveries</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11.8" data-path="parcel-load-pooling.html"><a href="parcel-load-pooling.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11.8</b> Parcel load pooling</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11.9" data-path="intelligent-truck-parking-and-delivery-space-booking.html"><a href="intelligent-truck-parking-and-delivery-space-booking.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11.9</b> Intelligent truck parking and delivery space booking</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11.10" data-path="freight-drones.html"><a href="freight-drones.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11.10</b> Freight drones</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11.11" data-path="commercial-vehicle-on-board-safety-systems.html"><a href="commercial-vehicle-on-board-safety-systems.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11.11</b> Commercial vehicle on-board safety systems</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11.12" data-path="truck-platooning.html"><a href="truck-platooning.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11.12</b> Truck Platooning</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11.13" data-path="rail-telematics-for-freight-services.html"><a href="rail-telematics-for-freight-services.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11.13</b> Rail telematics for freight services</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11.14" data-path="electric-vehicle-delivery-fleets.html"><a href="electric-vehicle-delivery-fleets.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11.14</b> Electric vehicle delivery fleets</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11.15" data-path="multimodal-transport-management-systems.html"><a href="multimodal-transport-management-systems.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11.15</b> Multimodal transport management systems</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="11.16" data-path="cooperative-adaptive-cruise-control-in-trucks.html"><a href="cooperative-adaptive-cruise-control-in-trucks.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>11.16</b> Cooperative adaptive cruise control in trucks</a></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12" data-path="collective.html"><a href="collective.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12</b> Collective mobility vehicles</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.1" data-path="demand-responsive-transit.html"><a href="demand-responsive-transit.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.1</b> Demand responsive transit</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.2" data-path="personal-rapid-transit.html"><a href="personal-rapid-transit.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.2</b> Personal rapid transit</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.3" data-path="bus-rapid-transit.html"><a href="bus-rapid-transit.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.3</b> Bus rapid transit</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.4" data-path="light-rail-transit.html"><a href="light-rail-transit.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.4</b> Light rail transit</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.5" data-path="passenger-drones.html"><a href="passenger-drones.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.5</b> Passenger drones</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="12.6" data-path="automatic-train-operations.html"><a href="automatic-train-operations.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>12.6</b> Automatic train operations</a></li>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="13.1" data-path="automatic-identification-system-fir-maritime-transport.html"><a href="automatic-identification-system-fir-maritime-transport.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>13.1</b> Automatic identification system fir maritime transport</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="13.2" data-path="big-data-lifecycle.html"><a href="big-data-lifecycle.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>13.2</b> Big data lifecycle</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="13.3" data-path="location-based-data.html"><a href="location-based-data.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>13.3</b> Location-based data</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="13.4" data-path="aircraft-tracking-system.html"><a href="aircraft-tracking-system.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>13.4</b> Aircraft tracking system</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="13.5" data-path="big-data-tools-for-maping-and-forecasting-travel-behaviour.html"><a href="big-data-tools-for-maping-and-forecasting-travel-behaviour.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>13.5</b> Big data tools for maping and forecasting travel behaviour</a></li>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="14" data-path="shared.html"><a href="shared.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>14</b> Shared mobility</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="14.1" data-path="car-sharing.html"><a href="car-sharing.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>14.1</b> Car sharing</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="14.2" data-path="bicycle-and-e-bicycle-hire.html"><a href="bicycle-and-e-bicycle-hire.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>14.2</b> Bicycle and e-bicycle hire</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="14.3" data-path="e-scooter-hire.html"><a href="e-scooter-hire.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>14.3</b> E-scooter hire</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="14.4" data-path="ride-hailing.html"><a href="ride-hailing.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>14.4</b> Ride-hailing</a></li>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="15" data-path="alternative.html"><a href="alternative.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>15</b> Alternative power sources</a><ul>
<li class="chapter" data-level="15.1" data-path="hydrogen-fuel-cell.html"><a href="hydrogen-fuel-cell.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>15.1</b> Hydrogen fuel cell</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="15.2" data-path="battery-electric.html"><a href="battery-electric.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>15.2</b> Battery electric</a></li>
<li class="chapter" data-level="15.3" data-path="plugin-hybrid-vehicles.html"><a href="plugin-hybrid-vehicles.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>15.3</b> Plugin hybrid vehicles</a></li>
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<li class="chapter" data-level="16" data-path="reference.html"><a href="reference.html"><i class="fa fa-check"></i><b>16</b> References</a></li>
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<li><a href="https://martynabogacz.github.io/knowledge-pool/" target="blank">Published with bookdown</a></li>
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