Update supported compiler versions for 2.0.0

[jwillikers]

Expected Behavior

I maintain the Conan package for ut and noticed that when updating it for 2.0.0, the documented compiler versions weren't working.
The documentation says GCC 9, Clang 9, and Apple Clang 12 should work.

Actual Behavior

The minimum compiler versions I found to work were GCC 10, Clang 10, and Apple Clang 14.
The MSVC compiler didn't require a version bump.

[BlueSolei]

The links in the README file for Compiler Explorer also need to be updated.
As for now, they are broke.
Also, Clang 10 doesn't work for me, only Clang 12+.