[Release][Go] Remove the Go related parts from the verification script

[kou]

Describe the enhancement requested

Because we don't release Apache Arrow Go from apache/arrow.

For example, this part:

arrow/dev/release/verify-release-candidate.sh

Lines 952 to 982 in c067d9b

	test_go() {
	show_header "Build and test Go libraries"
	maybe_setup_go
	maybe_setup_conda compilers go=1.22
	pushd go
	go get -v ./...
	if [ ${TEST_GO} -gt 0 ]; then
	go test ./...
	fi
	go install -buildvcs=false ./...
	if [ ${TEST_INTEGRATION_GO} -gt 0 ]; then
	pushd arrow/internal/cdata_integration
	case "$(uname)" in
	Linux)
	go_lib="arrow_go_integration.so"
	;;
	Darwin)
	go_lib="arrow_go_integration.dylib"
	;;
	MINGW*)
	go_lib="arrow_go_integration.dll"
	;;
	esac
	CGO_ENABLED=1 go build -buildvcs=false -tags cdata_integration,assert -buildmode=c-shared -o ${go_lib} .
	popd
	fi
	go clean -modcache
	popd
	}

Component(s)

Go, Release

[kou]

GH-44172 will include this.