diff --git a/src/wp-includes/blocks.php b/src/wp-includes/blocks.php
index 1b5427340f433..ace9811f32e1b 100644
--- a/src/wp-includes/blocks.php
+++ b/src/wp-includes/blocks.php
@@ -134,7 +134,15 @@ function register_block_script_handle( $metadata, $field_name ) {
 		$script_asset['dependencies'],
 		$script_asset['version']
 	);
-	return $result ? $script_handle : false;
+	if ( ! $result ) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if ( ! empty( $metadata['textdomain'] ) ) {
+		wp_set_script_translations( $script_handle, $metadata['textdomain'] );
+	}
+
+	return $script_handle;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -229,7 +237,48 @@ function register_block_type_from_metadata( $file_or_folder, $args = array() ) {
 
 	foreach ( $property_mappings as $key => $mapped_key ) {
 		if ( isset( $metadata[ $key ] ) ) {
-			$settings[ $mapped_key ] = $metadata[ $key ];
+			$value = $metadata[ $key ];
+			if ( empty( $metadata['textdomain'] ) ) {
+				$settings[ $mapped_key ] = $value;
+				continue;
+			}
+			$textdomain = $metadata['textdomain'];
+			switch ( $key ) {
+				case 'title':
+				case 'description':
+					// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.LowLevelTranslationFunction,WordPress.WP.I18n.NonSingularStringLiteralText,WordPress.WP.I18n.NonSingularStringLiteralContext,WordPress.WP.I18n.NonSingularStringLiteralDomain
+					$settings[ $mapped_key ] = translate_with_gettext_context( $value, sprintf( 'block %s', $key ), $textdomain );
+					break;
+				case 'keywords':
+					$settings[ $mapped_key ] = array();
+					if ( ! is_array( $value ) ) {
+						continue 2;
+					}
+
+					foreach ( $value as $keyword ) {
+						// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.LowLevelTranslationFunction,WordPress.WP.I18n.NonSingularStringLiteralText,WordPress.WP.I18n.NonSingularStringLiteralDomain
+						$settings[ $mapped_key ][] = translate_with_gettext_context( $keyword, 'block keyword', $textdomain );
+					}
+
+					break;
+				case 'styles':
+					$settings[ $mapped_key ] = array();
+					if ( ! is_array( $value ) ) {
+						continue 2;
+					}
+
+					foreach ( $value as $style ) {
+						if ( ! empty( $style['label'] ) ) {
+							// phpcs:ignore WordPress.WP.I18n.LowLevelTranslationFunction,WordPress.WP.I18n.NonSingularStringLiteralText,WordPress.WP.I18n.NonSingularStringLiteralDomain
+							$style['label'] = translate_with_gettext_context( $style['label'], 'block style label', $textdomain );
+						}
+						$settings[ $mapped_key ][] = $style;
+					}
+
+					break;
+				default:
+					$settings[ $mapped_key ] = $value;
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
diff --git a/tests/phpunit/tests/blocks/fixtures/block.asset.php b/tests/phpunit/data/blocks/notice/block.asset.php
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/phpunit/tests/blocks/fixtures/block.asset.php
rename to tests/phpunit/data/blocks/notice/block.asset.php
diff --git a/tests/phpunit/tests/blocks/fixtures/block.css b/tests/phpunit/data/blocks/notice/block.css
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/phpunit/tests/blocks/fixtures/block.css
rename to tests/phpunit/data/blocks/notice/block.css
diff --git a/tests/phpunit/tests/blocks/fixtures/block.js b/tests/phpunit/data/blocks/notice/block.js
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/phpunit/tests/blocks/fixtures/block.js
rename to tests/phpunit/data/blocks/notice/block.js
diff --git a/tests/phpunit/tests/blocks/fixtures/block.json b/tests/phpunit/data/blocks/notice/block.json
similarity index 71%
rename from tests/phpunit/tests/blocks/fixtures/block.json
rename to tests/phpunit/data/blocks/notice/block.json
index 4cd2b4cd6912b..9a0ecc018da64 100644
--- a/tests/phpunit/tests/blocks/fixtures/block.json
+++ b/tests/phpunit/data/blocks/notice/block.json
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 {
 	"apiVersion": 2,
-	"name": "my-plugin/notice",
+	"name": "tests/notice",
 	"title": "Notice",
 	"category": "common",
 	"parent": [
 		"core/group"
 	],
 	"providesContext": {
-		"my-plugin/message": "message"
+		"tests/message": "message"
 	},
 	"usesContext": [
 		"groupId"
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 		"alert",
 		"message"
 	],
-	"textDomain": "my-plugin",
+	"textdomain": "notice",
 	"attributes": {
 		"message": {
 			"type": "string",
@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@
 			"message": "This is a notice!"
 		}
 	},
-	"editorScript": "my-plugin-notice-editor-script",
-	"script": "my-plugin-notice-script",
-	"editorStyle": "my-plugin-notice-editor-style",
-	"style": "my-plugin-notice-style"
+	"editorScript": "tests-notice-editor-script",
+	"script": "tests-notice-script",
+	"editorStyle": "tests-notice-editor-style",
+	"style": "tests-notice-style"
 }
diff --git a/tests/phpunit/data/languages/plugins/notice-pl_PL.mo b/tests/phpunit/data/languages/plugins/notice-pl_PL.mo
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..284872cf6f88a
Binary files /dev/null and b/tests/phpunit/data/languages/plugins/notice-pl_PL.mo differ
diff --git a/tests/phpunit/data/languages/plugins/notice-pl_PL.po b/tests/phpunit/data/languages/plugins/notice-pl_PL.po
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..22ca6ef12914f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/phpunit/data/languages/plugins/notice-pl_PL.po
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: \n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-12-31 16:31+0100\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-01-14 18:26+0100\n"
+"Language: pl_PL\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"X-Generator: Poedit 2.4.2\n"
+"X-Poedit-Basepath: .\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
+"X-Poedit-KeywordsList: __;_e;_x:1,2c;_ex:1,2c;_n:1,2;_nx:1,2,4c;_n_noop:1,2;"
+"_nx_noop:1,2,3c;esc_attr__;esc_html__;esc_attr_e;esc_html_e;esc_attr_x:1,2c;"
+"esc_html_x:1,2c\n"
+"X-Textdomain-Support: yes\n"
+"Last-Translator: \n"
+"Language-Team: \n"
+"X-Poedit-SearchPath-0: .\n"
+
+msgctxt "block title"
+msgid "Notice"
+msgstr "Powiadomienie"
+
+msgctxt "block description"
+msgid "Shows warning, error or success notices…"
+msgstr "Wyświetla ostrzeżenie, błąd lub powiadomienie o sukcesie…"
+
+msgctxt "block keyword"
+msgid "alert"
+msgstr "ostrzeżenie"
+
+msgctxt "block keyword"
+msgid "message"
+msgstr "wiadomość"
+
+msgctxt "block style label"
+msgid "Default"
+msgstr "Domyślny"
+
+msgctxt "block style label"
+msgid "Other"
+msgstr "Inny"
diff --git a/tests/phpunit/tests/blocks/register.php b/tests/phpunit/tests/blocks/register.php
index 7cdc37d5e997f..5ea58af398acc 100644
--- a/tests/phpunit/tests/blocks/register.php
+++ b/tests/phpunit/tests/blocks/register.php
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ function tearDown() {
 
 		$registry = WP_Block_Type_Registry::get_instance();
 
-		foreach ( array( 'core/test-static', 'core/test-dynamic', 'my-plugin/notice' ) as $block_name ) {
+		foreach ( array( 'core/test-static', 'core/test-dynamic', 'tests/notice' ) as $block_name ) {
 			if ( $registry->is_registered( $block_name ) ) {
 				$registry->unregister( $block_name );
 			}
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ function test_missing_asset_file_register_block_script_handle() {
 		$metadata = array(
 			'file'   => __FILE__,
 			'name'   => 'unit-tests/test-block',
-			'script' => 'file:./fixtures/missing-asset.js',
+			'script' => 'file:./blocks/notice/missing-asset.js',
 		);
 		$result   = register_block_script_handle( $metadata, 'script' );
 
@@ -217,9 +217,9 @@ function test_handle_passed_register_block_script_handle() {
 	 */
 	function test_success_register_block_script_handle() {
 		$metadata = array(
-			'file'   => __FILE__,
+			'file'   => DIR_TESTDATA . '/blocks/notice/block.json',
 			'name'   => 'unit-tests/test-block',
-			'script' => 'file:./fixtures/block.js',
+			'script' => 'file:./block.js',
 		);
 		$result   = register_block_script_handle( $metadata, 'script' );
 
@@ -262,9 +262,9 @@ function test_handle_passed_register_block_style_handle() {
 	 */
 	function test_success_register_block_style_handle() {
 		$metadata = array(
-			'file'  => __FILE__,
+			'file'  => DIR_TESTDATA . '/blocks/notice/block.json',
 			'name'  => 'unit-tests/test-block',
-			'style' => 'file:./fixtures/block.css',
+			'style' => 'file:./block.css',
 		);
 		$result   = register_block_style_handle( $metadata, 'style' );
 
@@ -303,12 +303,12 @@ function test_metadata_not_found_in_the_current_directory() {
 	 */
 	function test_block_registers_with_metadata_fixture() {
 		$result = register_block_type_from_metadata(
-			__DIR__ . '/fixtures'
+			DIR_TESTDATA . '/blocks/notice'
 		);
 
 		$this->assertInstanceOf( 'WP_Block_Type', $result );
 		$this->assertSame( 2, $result->api_version );
-		$this->assertSame( 'my-plugin/notice', $result->name );
+		$this->assertSame( 'tests/notice', $result->name );
 		$this->assertSame( 'Notice', $result->title );
 		$this->assertSame( 'common', $result->category );
 		$this->assertSameSets( array( 'core/group' ), $result->parent );
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ function test_block_registers_with_metadata_fixture() {
 		);
 		$this->assertSame(
 			array(
-				'my-plugin/message' => 'message',
+				'tests/message' => 'message',
 			),
 			$result->provides_context
 		);
@@ -361,10 +361,48 @@ function test_block_registers_with_metadata_fixture() {
 			),
 			$result->example
 		);
-		$this->assertSame( 'my-plugin-notice-editor-script', $result->editor_script );
-		$this->assertSame( 'my-plugin-notice-script', $result->script );
-		$this->assertSame( 'my-plugin-notice-editor-style', $result->editor_style );
-		$this->assertSame( 'my-plugin-notice-style', $result->style );
+		$this->assertSame( 'tests-notice-editor-script', $result->editor_script );
+		$this->assertSame( 'tests-notice-script', $result->script );
+		$this->assertSame( 'tests-notice-editor-style', $result->editor_style );
+		$this->assertSame( 'tests-notice-style', $result->style );
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * @ticket 52301
+	 */
+	function test_block_registers_with_metadata_i18n_support() {
+		function filter_set_locale_to_polish() {
+			return 'pl_PL';
+		}
+		add_filter( 'locale', 'filter_set_locale_to_polish' );
+		load_textdomain( 'notice', WP_LANG_DIR . '/plugins/notice-pl_PL.mo' );
+
+		$result = register_block_type_from_metadata(
+			DIR_TESTDATA . '/blocks/notice'
+		);
+
+		unload_textdomain( 'notice' );
+		remove_filter( 'locale', 'filter_set_locale_to_polish' );
+
+		$this->assertInstanceOf( 'WP_Block_Type', $result );
+		$this->assertSame( 'tests/notice', $result->name );
+		$this->assertSame( 'Powiadomienie', $result->title );
+		$this->assertSame( 'Wyświetla ostrzeżenie, błąd lub powiadomienie o sukcesie…', $result->description );
+		$this->assertSameSets( array( 'ostrzeżenie', 'wiadomość' ), $result->keywords );
+		$this->assertSame(
+			array(
+				array(
+					'name'      => 'default',
+					'label'     => 'Domyślny',
+					'isDefault' => true,
+				),
+				array(
+					'name'  => 'other',
+					'label' => 'Inny',
+				),
+			),
+			$result->styles
+		);
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -433,7 +471,7 @@ public function test_filter_block_registration_metadata() {
 
 		add_filter( 'block_type_metadata', $filter_metadata_registration, 10, 2 );
 		$result = register_block_type_from_metadata(
-			__DIR__ . '/fixtures'
+			DIR_TESTDATA . '/blocks/notice'
 		);
 		remove_filter( 'block_type_metadata', $filter_metadata_registration );
 
@@ -451,7 +489,7 @@ public function test_filter_block_registration_metadata_settings() {
 
 		add_filter( 'block_type_metadata_settings', $filter_metadata_registration, 10, 2 );
 		$result = register_block_type_from_metadata(
-			__DIR__ . '/fixtures'
+			DIR_TESTDATA . '/blocks/notice'
 		);
 		remove_filter( 'block_type_metadata_settings', $filter_metadata_registration );