From f5a5b2c68e1f0e2f9f4fbdd2cc585085f2914b74 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: KosherJava Date: Tue, 7 May 2024 11:16:53 -0400 Subject: [PATCH] getAlos60() uses getElevationAdjustedSunrise() Inline with all other time offset alos calculations. Minor adjustments to comments, including removing for a mil as well as fixing some typos. --- .../zmanim/ComplexZmanimCalendar.java | 331 ++++++++++-------- 1 file changed, 179 insertions(+), 152 deletions(-) diff --git a/src/main/java/com/kosherjava/zmanim/ComplexZmanimCalendar.java b/src/main/java/com/kosherjava/zmanim/ComplexZmanimCalendar.java index 0f3fcc74..d82e1769 100644 --- a/src/main/java/com/kosherjava/zmanim/ComplexZmanimCalendar.java +++ b/src/main/java/com/kosherjava/zmanim/ComplexZmanimCalendar.java @@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ * As an example of the number of different zmanim made available by this class, there are methods to return 18 * different calculations for alos (dawn), 18 for plag hamincha and 29 for tzais available in this * API. The real power of this API is the ease in calculating zmanim that are not part of the library. The methods for - * zmanim calculations not present in this class, or it's superclass {@link ZmanimCalendar} are contained in the + * zmanim calculations not present in this class or it's superclass {@link ZmanimCalendar} are contained in the * {@link AstronomicalCalendar}, the base class of the calendars in our API since they are generic methods for calculating - * time based on degrees or time before or after {@link #getSunrise sunrise} and {@link #getSunset sunset} and are of interest + * time based on degrees or time before or after {@link #getSunrise() sunrise} and {@link #getSunset() sunset} and are of interest * for calculation beyond zmanim calculations. Here are some examples. *

First create the Calendar for the location you would like to calculate: * @@ -113,8 +113,9 @@ public class ComplexZmanimCalendar extends ZmanimCalendar { /** * The zenith of 3.7° below {@link #GEOMETRIC_ZENITH geometric zenith} (90°). This calculation is used for * calculating tzais (nightfall) based on the opinion of the Geonim that tzais is the - * time it takes to walk 3/4 of a Mil at 18 minutes a Mil, or 13.5 minutes after sunset. The sun - * is 3.7° below {@link #GEOMETRIC_ZENITH geometric zenith} at this time in Jerusalem mil at 18 minutes a mil, or 13.5 minutes after sunset. The sun is 3.7° below + * {@link #GEOMETRIC_ZENITH geometric zenith} at this time in Jerusalem around the equinox / equilux. * * @see #getTzaisGeonim3Point7Degrees() @@ -124,8 +125,9 @@ public class ComplexZmanimCalendar extends ZmanimCalendar { /** * The zenith of 3.8° below {@link #GEOMETRIC_ZENITH geometric zenith} (90°). This calculation is used for * calculating tzais (nightfall) based on the opinion of the Geonim that tzais is the - * time it takes to walk 3/4 of a Mil at 18 minutes a Mil, or 13.5 minutes after sunset. The sun - * is 3.8° below {@link #GEOMETRIC_ZENITH geometric zenith} at this time in Jerusalem mil at 18 minutes a mil, or 13.5 minutes after sunset. The sun is 3.8° below + * {@link #GEOMETRIC_ZENITH geometric zenith} at this time in Jerusalem around the equinox / equilux. * * @see #getTzaisGeonim3Point8Degrees() @@ -149,8 +151,8 @@ public class ComplexZmanimCalendar extends ZmanimCalendar { * tzais (nightfall) according to some opinions. This calculation is based on observation of 3 medium-sized * stars by Dr. Baruch Cohen in his calendar published in 1899 in Strasbourg, France. This calculates to * 7.0833333° below {@link #GEOMETRIC_ZENITH geometric zenith}. The Sh"Ut - * Melamed Leho'il in Orach Chaim 30 agreed to this zman, as did the Sh"Ut Bnei Tziyon, Tenuvas Sadeh, and - * it is very close to the time of the Mekor Chesed of the Sefer chasidim. + * Melamed Leho'il in Orach Chaim 30 agreed to this zman, as did the Sh"Ut Bnei Tziyon and the Tenuvas Sadeh. + * It is very close to the time of the Mekor Chesed of the Sefer chasidim. * It is close to the position of the sun 30 minutes after sunset in Jerusalem around the equinox / equilux, but not * Exactly. The actual position of the sun 30 minutes after sunset in Jerusalem at the equilux is 7.205° and @@ -165,7 +167,7 @@ public class ComplexZmanimCalendar extends ZmanimCalendar { /** * The zenith of 10.2° below {@link #GEOMETRIC_ZENITH geometric zenith} (90°). This calculation is used for * calculating misheyakir according to some opinions. This calculation is based on the position of the sun - * 45 minutes before {@link #getSunrise sunrise} in Jerusalem around the equinox / equilux which * calculates to 10.2° below {@link #GEOMETRIC_ZENITH geometric zenith}. * @@ -176,7 +178,7 @@ public class ComplexZmanimCalendar extends ZmanimCalendar { /** * The zenith of 11° below {@link #GEOMETRIC_ZENITH geometric zenith} (90°). This calculation is used for * calculating misheyakir according to some opinions. This calculation is based on the position of the sun - * 48 minutes before {@link #getSunrise sunrise} in Jerusalem around the equinox / equilux, which * calculates to 11° below {@link #GEOMETRIC_ZENITH geometric zenith}. * @@ -187,7 +189,7 @@ public class ComplexZmanimCalendar extends ZmanimCalendar { /** * The zenith of 11.5° below {@link #GEOMETRIC_ZENITH geometric zenith} (90°). This calculation is used for * calculating misheyakir according to some opinions. This calculation is based on the position of the sun - * 52 minutes before {@link #getSunrise sunrise} in Jerusalem around the equinox / equilux, which * calculates to 11.5° below {@link #GEOMETRIC_ZENITH geometric zenith}. * @@ -249,8 +251,8 @@ public class ComplexZmanimCalendar extends ZmanimCalendar { /** * The zenith of 4.37° below {@link #GEOMETRIC_ZENITH geometric zenith} (90°). This calculation is used for * calculating tzais (nightfall) according to some opinions. This calculation is based on the position of - * the sun {@link #getTzaisGeonim4Point37Degrees() 16 7/8 minutes} after sunset (3/4 of a 22.5-minute Mil) - * in Jerusalem mil) in Jerusalem around the equinox / equilux, * which calculates to 4.37° below {@link #GEOMETRIC_ZENITH geometric zenith}. * @@ -261,7 +263,8 @@ public class ComplexZmanimCalendar extends ZmanimCalendar { /** * The zenith of 4.61° below {@link #GEOMETRIC_ZENITH geometric zenith} (90°). This calculation is used for * calculating tzais (nightfall) according to some opinions. This calculation is based on the position of - * the sun {@link #getTzaisGeonim4Point37Degrees() 18 minutes} after sunset (3/4 of a 24-minute Mil) in + * the sun {@link #getTzaisGeonim4Point37Degrees() 18 minutes} after sunset (3/4 of a 24-minute mil) in * Jerusalem around the equinox * / equilux, which calculates to 4.61° below {@link #GEOMETRIC_ZENITH geometric zenith}. * @todo add documentation links @@ -280,8 +283,8 @@ public class ComplexZmanimCalendar extends ZmanimCalendar { /** * The zenith of 3.65° below {@link #GEOMETRIC_ZENITH geometric zenith} (90°). This calculation is used for * calculating tzais (nightfall) according to some opinions. This calculation is based on the position of - * the sun {@link #getTzaisGeonim3Point65Degrees() 13.5 minutes} after sunset (3/4 of an 18-minute Mil) - * in Jerusalem mil) in Jerusalem around the equinox / equilux which * calculates to 3.65° below {@link #GEOMETRIC_ZENITH geometric zenith}. * @deprecated This will be removed in v3.0.0 since calculations show that this time is earlier than 13.5 minutes at @@ -322,8 +325,8 @@ public class ComplexZmanimCalendar extends ZmanimCalendar { /** * The zenith of 16.9° below geometric zenith (90°). This calculation is used for determining alos * (dawn) based on the opinion of the Baal Hatanya. It is based on the calculation that the time between dawn - * and netz amiti (sunrise) is 72 minutes, the time that is takes to walk 4 mil at 18 minutes - * a mil (Rambam and others). The sun's position at 72 + * and netz amiti (sunrise) is 72 minutes, the time that is takes to walk 4 mil at 18 minutes + * a mil (Rambam and others). The sun's position at 72 * minutes before {@link #getSunriseBaalHatanya netz amiti (sunrise)} in Jerusalem around the equinox / equilux is * 16.9° below {@link #GEOMETRIC_ZENITH geometric zenith}. @@ -335,7 +338,7 @@ public class ComplexZmanimCalendar extends ZmanimCalendar { /** * The zenith of 6° below {@link #GEOMETRIC_ZENITH geometric zenith} (90°). This calculation is used for * calculating tzais / nightfall based on the opinion of the Baal Hatanya. This calculation is based on the - * position of the sun 24 minutes after {@link #getSunset sunset} in Jerusalem around the equinox / equilux, which * is 6° below {@link #GEOMETRIC_ZENITH geometric zenith}. * @@ -402,7 +405,7 @@ public class ComplexZmanimCalendar extends ZmanimCalendar { * The zenith of 2.1° above {@link #GEOMETRIC_ZENITH geometric zenith} (90°). This calculation is used for * calculating the start of bain hashmashos (twilight) of 13.5 minutes before sunset converted to degrees * according to the Yereim. As is traditional with degrees below the horizon, this is calculated without refraction - * and from the center of the sun. It would be 0.833° less without this. + * and from the center of the sun. It would be 0.833° less without this. * * @see #getBainHashmashosYereim2Point1Degrees() */ @@ -430,7 +433,7 @@ public class ComplexZmanimCalendar extends ZmanimCalendar { /** * The offset in minutes (defaults to 40) after sunset used for tzeit based on calculations of - * Chacham Yosef Harari-Raful of Yeshivat Ateret Torah. + * Chacham Yosef Harari-Raful of Yeshivat Ateret Torah. * @see #getTzaisAteretTorah() * @see #getAteretTorahSunsetOffset() * @see #setAteretTorahSunsetOffset(double) @@ -681,8 +684,9 @@ public long getShaahZmanisAteretTorah() { * degrees {@link #getTzaisGeonim3Point8Degrees() tzais 3.8°}. This day is split into 12 equal parts with * each part being a shaah zmanis. Note that with this system, chatzos (midday) will not be the point * that the sun is {@link #getSunTransit() halfway across the sky}. These shaos zmaniyos are used for Mincha - * Ketana and Plag Hamincha. The 14 minutes are based on 3/4 of an 18 minute mil, with half a minute - * added for Rav Yosi. + * Ketana and Plag Hamincha. The 14 minutes are based on 3/4 of an 18 minute mil, with half a minute added for + * Rav Yosi. * * @return the long millisecond length of a shaah zmanis. If the calculation can't be computed * such as in the Arctic Circle where there is at least one day a year where the sun does not rise, and one @@ -829,24 +833,26 @@ public Date getPlagHamincha120Minutes() { } /** - * Method to return alos (dawn) calculated as 60 minutes before sunrise. This is the time to walk the - * distance of 4 Mil at 15 minutes a Mil. This seems to be the opinion of the Chavas Yair in the Mekor Chaim, Orach Chaim Ch. - * 90, though the Mekor Chaim in Ch. 58 and in the Chut Hashani Cha 97 states that - * a person walks 3 and a 1/3 mil in an hour, or an 18-minute mil. Also see the alos (dawn) calculated as 60 minutes before {@link #getSunrise() sunrise} or + * {@link #getSeaLevelSunrise() sea level sunrise} (depending on the {@link #isUseElevation()} setting). This is the + * time to walk the distance of 4 mil at 15 minutes a mil. This seems to be the opinion of the + * Chavas Yair in the Mekor Chaim, Orach Chaim Ch. 90, + * though the Mekor Chaim in Ch. 58 and in the Chut Hashani Ch. 97 states that a person walks 3 and a 1/3 mil in an hour, or an 18-minute mil. + * Also see the Divrei Malkiel Vol. 4, Ch. 20, page 34) who - * mentions the 15 minute mil lechumra by baking matzos. Also see the lechumra by baking matzos. Also see the Maharik Ch. 173 where the questioner quoting the * Ra'avan is of the opinion that the time to walk a - * mil is 15 minutes (5 mil in a little over an hour). There are many who believe that there is a - * ta'us sofer (scribe's error) in the Ra'avan, and it should 4 mil in a little over an hour, or an - * 18-minute mil. Time based offset calculations are based on the opinion of the + * mil is 15 minutes (5 mil in a little over an hour). There are many who believe that there is a + * ta'us sofer (scribe's error) in the Ra'avan, and it should 4 mil in a little over an hour, or an + * 18-minute mil. Time based offset calculations are based on the opinion of the * Rishonim who stated that the time of the neshef * (time between dawn and sunrise) does not vary by the time of year or location but purely depends on the time it takes to - * walk the distance of 4* mil. {@link #getTzaisGeonim9Point75Degrees()} is a related zman that is a + * walk the distance of 4* mil. {@link #getTzaisGeonim9Point75Degrees()} is a related zman that is a * degree-based calculation based on 60 minutes. * * @return the Date representing the time. If the calculation can't be computed such as in the Arctic @@ -859,17 +865,17 @@ public Date getPlagHamincha120Minutes() { * @see #getShaahZmanis60Minutes() */ public Date getAlos60() { - return getTimeOffset(getSunrise(), -60 * MINUTE_MILLIS); + return getTimeOffset(getElevationAdjustedSunrise(), -60 * MINUTE_MILLIS); } /** * Method to return alos (dawn) calculated using 72 minutes zmaniyos or 1/10th of the day before - * sunrise. This is based on an 18-minute Mil so the time for 4 Mil is 72 minutes which is 1/10th - * of a day (12 * 60 = 720) based on the day being from {@link #getSeaLevelSunrise() sea level sunrise} to - * {@link #getSeaLevelSunset() sea level sunset} or {@link #getSunrise() sunrise} to {@link #getSunset() sunset} - * (depending on the {@link #isUseElevation()} setting). - * The actual calculation is {@link #getSeaLevelSunrise()} - ({@link #getShaahZmanisGra()} * 1.2). This calculation - * is used in the calendars published by the mil so the time for 4 mil is + * 72 minutes which is 1/10th of a day (12 * 60 = 720) based on the day being from {@link #getSeaLevelSunrise() sea + * level sunrise} to {@link #getSeaLevelSunset() sea level sunset} or {@link #getSunrise() sunrise} to {@link #getSunset() + * sunset} (depending on the {@link #isUseElevation()} setting). The actual calculation is {@link #getSeaLevelSunrise()} - + * ({@link #getShaahZmanisGra()} * 1.2). This calculation is used in the calendars published by the Hisachdus Harabanim D'Artzos Habris Ve'Canada. * * @return the Date representing the time. If the calculation can't be computed such as in the Arctic @@ -885,10 +891,12 @@ public Date getAlos72Zmanis() { /** * Method to return alos (dawn) calculated using 96 minutes before {@link #getSunrise() sunrise} or * {@link #getSeaLevelSunrise() sea level sunrise} (depending on the {@link #isUseElevation()} setting) that is based - * on the time to walk the distance of 4 Mil at 24 minutes a Mil. Time based offset - * calculations for alos are based on the opinion of the Rishonim who stated that the time of the Neshef (time between dawn and sunrise) does not vary - * by the time of year or location but purely depends on the time it takes to walk the distance of 4 Mil. + * on the time to walk the distance of 4 mil at 24 minutes a mil. + * Time based offset calculations for alos are based on the opinion of the Rishonim who stated that the time of the Neshef (time between + * dawn and sunrise) does not vary by the time of year or location but purely depends on the time it takes to walk the + * distance of 4 mil. * * @return the Date representing the time. If the calculation can't be computed such as in the Arctic * Circle where there is at least one day a year where the sun does not rise, and one where it does not set, @@ -902,11 +910,12 @@ public Date getAlos96() { /** * Method to return alos (dawn) calculated using 90 minutes zmaniyos or 1/8th of the day before * {@link #getSunrise() sunrise} or {@link #getSeaLevelSunrise() sea level sunrise} (depending on the {@link - * #isUseElevation()} setting). This is based on a 22.5-minute Mil so the time for 4 Mil is 90 - * minutes which is 1/8th of a day (12 * 60) / 8 = 90 - * The day is calculated from {@link #getSeaLevelSunrise() sea level sunrise} to {@link #getSeaLevelSunrise sea level - * sunset} or {@link #getSunrise() sunrise} to {@link #getSunset() sunset} (depending on the {@link #isUseElevation()}. - * The actual calculation used is {@link #getSunrise()} - ({@link #getShaahZmanisGra()} * 1.5). + * #isUseElevation()} setting). This is based on a 22.5-minute mil so the time for 4 + * mil is 90 minutes which is 1/8th of a day (12 * 60) / 8 = 90. The day is calculated from {@link + * #getSeaLevelSunrise() sea level sunrise} to {@link #getSeaLevelSunset() sea level sunset} or {@link #getSunrise() + * sunrise} to {@link #getSunset() sunset} (depending on the {@link #isUseElevation()}. The actual calculation used + * is {@link #getSunrise()} - ({@link #getShaahZmanisGra()} * 1.5). * * @return the Date representing the time. If the calculation can't be computed such as in the Arctic * Circle where there is at least one day a year where the sun does not rise, and one where it does not set, @@ -921,11 +930,12 @@ public Date getAlos90Zmanis() { /** * This method returns alos (dawn) calculated using 96 minutes zmaniyos or 1/7.5th of the day before * {@link #getSunrise() sunrise} or {@link #getSeaLevelSunrise() sea level sunrise} (depending on the {@link - * #isUseElevation()} setting). This is based on a 24-minute Mil so the time for 4 Mil is 96 - * minutes which is 1/7.5th of a day (12 * 60 / 7.5 = 96). - * The day is calculated from {@link #getSeaLevelSunrise() sea level sunrise} to {@link #getSeaLevelSunrise sea level - * sunset} or {@link #getSunrise() sunrise} to {@link #getSunset() sunset} (depending on the {@link #isUseElevation()}. - * The actual calculation used is {@link #getSunrise()} - ({@link #getShaahZmanisGra()} * 1.6). + * #isUseElevation()} setting). This is based on a 24-minute mil so the time for 4 mil is 96 + * minutes which is 1/7.5th of a day (12 * 60 / 7.5 = 96). The day is calculated from {@link #getSeaLevelSunrise() sea + * level sunrise} to {@link #getSeaLevelSunset() sea level sunset} or {@link #getSunrise() sunrise} to {@link #getSunset() + * sunset} (depending on the {@link #isUseElevation()}. The actual calculation used is {@link #getSunrise()} - + * ({@link #getShaahZmanisGra()} * 1.6). * * @return the Date representing the time. If the calculation can't be computed such as in the Arctic * Circle where there is at least one day a year where the sun does not rise, and one where it does not set, @@ -939,11 +949,12 @@ public Date getAlos96Zmanis() { /** * Method to return alos (dawn) calculated using 90 minutes before {@link #getSeaLevelSunrise() sea level - * sunrise} based on the time to walk the distance of 4 Mil at 22.5 minutes a Mil. Time based - * offset calculations for alos are based on the opinion of the mil at 22.5 minutes a + * mil. Time-based offset calculations for alos are based on the opinion of the Rishonim who stated that the time of the Neshef * (time between dawn and sunrise) does not vary by the time of year or location but purely depends on the time it - * takes to walk the distance of 4 Mil. + * takes to walk the distance of 4 mil. * * @return the Date representing the time. If the calculation can't be computed such as in the Arctic * Circle where there is at least one day a year where the sun does not rise, and one where it does not set, @@ -957,10 +968,11 @@ public Date getAlos90() { /** * This method should be used lechumra only and returns alos (dawn) calculated using 120 minutes * before {@link #getSeaLevelSunrise() sea level sunrise} (no adjustment for elevation is made) based on the time - * to walk the distance of 5 Mil(Ula) at 24 minutes a Mil. Time based offset calculations - * for alos are based on the* opinion of the Rishonim + * to walk the distance of 5 mil (Ula) at 24 minutes a mil. Time based offset calculations for alos are + * based on the* opinion of the Rishonim * who stated that the time of the neshef (time between dawn and sunrise) does not vary by the time of - * year or location but purely depends on the time it takes to walk the distance of 5 Mil(Ula). Since + * year or location but purely depends on the time it takes to walk the distance of 5 mil (Ula). Since * this time is extremely early, it should only be used lechumra, such as not eating after this time on a fast * day, and not as the start time for mitzvos that can only be performed during the day. * @@ -986,11 +998,12 @@ public Date getAlos120() { * This method should be used lechumra only and method returns alos (dawn) calculated using * 120 minutes zmaniyos or 1/6th of the day before {@link #getSunrise() sunrise} or {@link * #getSeaLevelSunrise() sea level sunrise} (depending on the {@link #isUseElevation()} setting). This is based - * on a 24-minute Mil so the time for 5 Mil is 120 minutes which is 1/6th of a day (12 * 60 / - * 6 = 120). The day is calculated from {@link #getSeaLevelSunrise() sea level sunrise} to {@link - * #getSeaLevelSunset() sea level sunset} or {@link #getSunrise() sunrise} to {@link #getSunset() sunset} (depending - * on the {@link #isUseElevation()}. The actual calculation used is {@link #getSunrise()} - ({@link - * #getShaahZmanisGra()} * 2). Since this time is extremely early, it should only be used lechumra, such + * on a 24-minute mil so + * the time for 5 mil is 120 minutes which is 1/6th of a day (12 * 60 / 6 = 120). The day is calculated + * from {@link #getSeaLevelSunrise() sea level sunrise} to {@link #getSeaLevelSunset() sea level sunset} or + * {@link #getSunrise() sunrise} to {@link #getSunset() sunset} (depending on the {@link #isUseElevation()}. The + * actual calculation used is {@link #getSunrise()} - ({@link #getShaahZmanisGra()} * 2). Since this time is + * extremely early, it should only be used lechumra, such * as not eating after this time on a fast day, and not as the start time for mitzvos that can only be * performed during the day. * @@ -1115,7 +1128,7 @@ public Date getAlos16Point1Degrees() { * This method returns misheyakir based on the position of the sun when it is {@link #ZENITH_11_DEGREES * 11.5°} below {@link #GEOMETRIC_ZENITH geometric zenith} (90°). This calculation is used for calculating * misheyakir according to some opinions. This calculation is based on the position of the sun 52 minutes - * before {@link #getSunrise sunrise} in Jerusalem around the equinox / equilux, * which calculates to 11.5° below {@link #GEOMETRIC_ZENITH geometric zenith}. * @todo recalculate. @@ -1134,7 +1147,7 @@ public Date getMisheyakir11Point5Degrees() { * This method returns misheyakir based on the position of the sun when it is {@link #ZENITH_11_DEGREES * 11°} below {@link #GEOMETRIC_ZENITH geometric zenith} (90°). This calculation is used for calculating * misheyakir according to some opinions. This calculation is based on the position of the sun 48 minutes - * before {@link #getSunrise sunrise} in Jerusalem daround the equinox / equilux, * which calculates to 11° below {@link #GEOMETRIC_ZENITH geometric zenith}. * @@ -1152,7 +1165,7 @@ public Date getMisheyakir11Degrees() { * This method returns misheyakir based on the position of the sun when it is {@link #ZENITH_10_POINT_2 * 10.2°} below {@link #GEOMETRIC_ZENITH geometric zenith} (90°). This calculation is used for calculating * misheyakir according to some opinions. This calculation is based on the position of the sun 45 minutes - * before {@link #getSunrise sunrise} in Jerusalem around the equinox which calculates * to 10.2° below {@link #GEOMETRIC_ZENITH geometric zenith}. * @@ -1185,7 +1198,7 @@ public Date getMisheyakir10Point2Degrees() { * "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beth_Medrash_Govoha">Yeshiva. This follows the opinion of Rabbi Shmuel Kamenetsky who provided the time of 35/36 minutes, * but did not provide a degree-based time. Since this zman depends on the level of light, Rabbi Yaakov Shakow - * presented this degree-based calculations to Rabbi Kamenetsky who agreed to them. + * presented this degree-based calculations to Rabbi Shmuel Kamenetsky who agreed to them. * * @return the Date of misheyakir. If the calculation can't be computed such as * northern and southern locations even south of the Arctic Circle and north of the Antarctic Circle where @@ -1201,18 +1214,19 @@ public Date getMisheyakir7Point65Degrees() { /** * This method returns misheyakir based on the position of the sun when it is {@link #ZENITH_9_POINT_5 - * 9.5°} below {@link #GEOMETRIC_ZENITH geometric zenith} (90°). This calculation is based on Rabbi Dovid Kronglass's - * Calculation of 45 minutes in Baltimore as mentioned in Divrei Chachamim No. 24 brought down by the Birur Halacha, Tinyana, Ch. 18. This calculates to - * 9.5°. Also see Rabbi Yaakov Yitzchok Neiman in Kovetz - * Eitz Chaim Vol. 9, p. 202 that the Vya'an Yosef did not want to rely on times earlier than 45 minutes in New York. This - * zman is also used in the calendars published by Rabbi Hershel Edelstein. As mentioned in Yisroel Vehazmanim, - * Rabbi Edelstein who was given the 45 minute zman by Rabbi Bick. The calendars published by the Edot Hamizrach communities also use this zman. This also - * follows the opinion of Rabbi Shmuel Kamenetsky who provided - * the time of 36 and 45 minutes, but did not provide a degree-based time. Since this zman depends on the level of - * light, Rabbi Yaakov Shakow presented these degree-based times to Rabbi Shmuel Kamenetsky who agreed to them. + * 9.5°} below {@link #GEOMETRIC_ZENITH geometric zenith} (90°). This calculation is based on Rabbi Dovid Kronglass's Calculation of 45 minutes in Baltimore + * as mentioned in Divrei Chachamim No. 24 + * brought down by the Birur Halacha, Tinyana, Ch. + * 18. This calculates to 9.5°. Also see Rabbi Yaakov + * Yitzchok Neiman in Kovetz Eitz Chaim Vol. 9, p. 202 that the Vya'an Yosef did not want to rely on times earlier + * than 45 minutes in New York. This zman is also used in the calendars published by Rabbi Hershel Edelstein. + * As mentioned in Yisroel Vehazmanim, Rabbi Edelstein who was given the 45 minute zman by Rabbi Bick. The + * calendars published by the Edot Hamizrach communities + * also use this zman. This also follows the opinion of Rabbi Shmuel Kamenetsky who provided the time of 36 and 45 minutes, but did not provide a degree-based time. Since + * this zman depends on the level of light, Rabbi Yaakov Shakow presented these degree-based times to Rabbi Shmuel + * Kamenetsky who agreed to them. * * @return the Date of misheyakir. If the calculation can't be computed such as * northern and southern locations even south of the Arctic Circle and north of the Antarctic Circle where @@ -1420,7 +1434,7 @@ public Date getSofZmanShmaMGA96MinutesZmanis() { /** * This method returns the latest zman krias shema (time to recite Shema in the morning) calculated - * as 3 hours (regular clock hours and not sha'os zmaniyos) before {@link ZmanimCalendar#getChatzos()}. + * as 3 hours (regular clock hours and not shaos zmaniyos) before {@link ZmanimCalendar#getChatzos()}. * Generally known as part of the "Komarno" zmanim after Rav Yitzchak Eizik of * Komarno, a proponent of this calculation, it actually predates him a lot. It is the opinion of the @@ -1940,7 +1954,7 @@ public Date getMinchaKetana16Point1Degrees() { * calculated based on a day starting at {@link #getAlos16Point1Degrees() alos 16.1°} and ending at * tzais 3.8°. Mincha ketana is the preferred earliest time to pray mincha according to * the opinion of the Rambam and others. For more information - * on this see the documentation on {@link #getMinchaKetana() mincha ketana}. + * on this see the documentation on {@link #getMinchaKetana() mincha ketana}. * * @return the Date of the time of mincha ketana. If the calculation can't be computed such as * northern and southern locations even south of the Arctic Circle and north of the Antarctic Circle where the @@ -2335,8 +2349,9 @@ public Date getBainHasmashosRT13Point24Degrees() { /** * This method returns the beginning of Bain hashmashos of Rabbeinu Tam calculated as a 58.5 - * minute offset after sunset. bain hashmashos is 3/4 of a Mil before tzais or 3 1/4 - * Mil after sunset. With a Mil calculated as 18 minutes, 3.25 * 18 = 58.5 minutes. + * minute offset after sunset. bain hashmashos is 3/4 of a mil before tzais or 3 1/4 + * mil after sunset. With a mil calculated as 18 minutes, 3.25 * 18 = 58.5 minutes. * * @return the Date of 58.5 minutes after sunset. If the calculation can't be computed such as in the * Arctic Circle where there is at least one day a year where the sun does not rise, and one where it does @@ -2359,7 +2374,8 @@ public Date getBainHasmashosRT58Point5Minutes() { /** * This method returns the beginning of bain hashmashos based on the calculation of 13.5 minutes (3/4 of an - * 18-minute Mil) before shkiah calculated as {@link #getTzaisGeonim7Point083Degrees() 7.083°}. + * 18-minute mil) before + * shkiah calculated as {@link #getTzaisGeonim7Point083Degrees() 7.083°}. * * @return the Date of the bain hashmashos of Rabbeinu Tam in this calculation. If the * calculation can't be computed such as northern and southern locations even south of the Arctic Circle and @@ -2414,8 +2430,9 @@ public Date getBainHasmashosRT2Stars() { /** * This method returns the beginning of bain hashmashos (twilight) according to the Yereim (Rabbi Eliezer of Metz) calculated as 18 minutes - * or 3/4 of a 24-minute Mil before sunset. According to the Yereim, bain hashmashos starts 3/4 - * of a Mil before sunset and tzais or nightfall starts at sunset. + * or 3/4 of a 24-minute mil before sunset. According to the Yereim, bain hashmashos starts 3/4 of a mil before sunset and + * tzais or nightfall starts at sunset. * * @return the Date of 18 minutes before sunset. If the calculation can't be computed such as in the * Arctic Circle where there is at least one day a year where the sun does not rise, and one where it does @@ -2441,11 +2458,12 @@ public Date getBainHasmashosYereim18Minutes() { * "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliezer_ben_Samuel">Yereim (Rabbi Eliezer of Metz) calculated as the sun's * position 3.05° above the horizon around the equinox / equilux, - * its position 18 minutes or 3/4 of an 24-minute mil before sunset. According to the Yereim, bain - * hashmashos starts 3/4 of a Mil before sunset and tzais or nightfall starts at sunset. - * Note that lechumra (of about 14 seconds) a refraction value of 0.5166° as opposed to the traditional - * 0.566° is used. This is more inline with the actual refraction in Eretz Yisrael and is brought down - * by mil< before sunset. According to + * the Yereim, bain hashmashos starts 3/4 of a mil before sunset and tzais or nightfall starts at + * sunset. Note that lechumra (of about 14 seconds) a refraction value of 0.5166° as opposed to the + * traditional 0.566° is used. This is more inline with the actual refraction in Eretz Yisrael and is + * brought down by Rabbi * Yedidya Manet in his Zmanei Halacha * Lema’aseh (p. 11). That is the first source that I am aware of that calculates degree-based Yereim @@ -2482,8 +2500,10 @@ public Date getBainHasmashosYereim3Point05Degrees() { /** * This method returns the beginning of bain hashmashos (twilight) according to the Yereim (Rabbi Eliezer of Metz) calculated as 16.875 - * minutes or 3/4 of a 22.5-minute Mil before sunset. According to the Yereim, bain hashmashos - * starts 3/4 of a Mil before sunset and tzais or nightfall starts at sunset. + * minutes or 3/4 of a 22.5-minute mil before sunset. According + * to the Yereim, bain hashmashos starts 3/4 of a mil before sunset and tzais or nightfall starts + * at sunset. * * @return the Date of 16.875 minutes before sunset. If the calculation can't be computed such as in the * Arctic Circle where there is at least one day a year where the sun does not rise, and one where it does @@ -2510,9 +2530,10 @@ public Date getBainHasmashosYereim16Point875Minutes() { * "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliezer_ben_Samuel">Yereim (Rabbi Eliezer of Metz) calculated as the sun's * position 2.8° above the horizon around the equinox / equilux, - * its position 16.875 minutes or 3/4 of an 18-minute Mil before sunset. According to the Yereim, bain - * hashmashos starts 3/4 of a Mil before sunset and tzais or nightfall starts at sunset. - * Details, including how the degrees were calculated can be seen in the documentation of + * its position 16.875 minutes or 3/4 of an 18-minute mil before sunset. According to + * the Yereim, bain hashmashos starts 3/4 of a mil before sunset and tzais or nightfall + * starts at sunset. Details, including how the degrees were calculated can be seen in the documentation of * {@link #getBainHashmashosYereim3Point05Degrees()}. * * @return the Date of the sun's position 2.8° minutes before sunset. If the calculation can't @@ -2542,8 +2563,9 @@ public Date getBainHasmashosYereim2Point8Degrees() { /** * This method returns the beginning of bain hashmashos (twilight) according to the Yereim (Rabbi Eliezer of Metz) calculated as 13.5 minutes - * or 3/4 of an 18-minute Mil before sunset. According to the Yereim, bain hashmashos starts 3/4 of - * a Mil before sunset and tzais or nightfall starts at sunset. + * or 3/4 of an 18-minute mil + * before sunset. According to the Yereim, bain hashmashos starts 3/4 of a mil before sunset and + * tzais or nightfall starts at sunset. * * @return the Date of 13.5 minutes before sunset. If the calculation can't be computed such as in the * Arctic Circle where there is at least one day a year where the sun does not rise, and one where it does @@ -2570,9 +2592,10 @@ public Date getBainHasmashosYereim13Point5Minutes() { * "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliezer_ben_Samuel">Yereim (Rabbi Eliezer of Metz) calculated as the sun's * position 2.1° above the horizon around the equinox / equilux in - * Yerushalayim, its position 13.5 minutes or 3/4 of an 18-minute Mil before sunset. According to the Yereim, - * bain hashmashos starts 3/4 of a mil before sunset and tzais or nightfall starts at sunset. - * Details, including how the degrees were calculated can be seen in the documentation of + * Yerushalayim, its position 13.5 minutes or 3/4 of an 18-minute mil before sunset. According to the + * Yereim, bain hashmashos starts 3/4 of a mil before sunset and tzais or nightfall starts + * at sunset. Details, including how the degrees were calculated can be seen in the documentation of * {@link #getBainHashmashosYereim3Point05Degrees()}. * * @return the Date of the sun's position 2.1° minutes before sunset. If the calculation can't be @@ -2637,8 +2660,8 @@ public Date getTzaisGeonim5Point95Degrees() { /** * This method returns the tzais (nightfall) based on the opinion of the Geonim calculated as 3/4 - * of a Mil based on an - * 18-minute Mil, or 13.5 minutes. It is the sun's position at {@link #ZENITH_3_POINT_65 3.65°} below the western + * of a mil based on an + * 18-minute mil, or 13.5 minutes. It is the sun's position at {@link #ZENITH_3_POINT_65 3.65°} below the western * horizon. This is a very early zman and should not be relied on without Rabbinical guidance. * * @return the Date representing the time when the sun is 3.65° below sea level. If the calculation @@ -2658,8 +2681,8 @@ public Date getTzaisGeonim3Point65Degrees() { /** * This method returns the tzais (nightfall) based on the opinion of the Geonim calculated as 3/4 - * of a Mil based on an - * 18-minute Mil, or 13.5 minutes. It is the sun's position at {@link #ZENITH_3_POINT_676 3.676°} below the western + * of a mil based on an + * 18-minute mil, or 13.5 minutes. It is the sun's position at {@link #ZENITH_3_POINT_676 3.676°} below the western * horizon based on the calculations of Stanley Fishkind. This is a very early zman and should not be * relied on without Rabbinical guidance. * @@ -2680,8 +2703,8 @@ public Date getTzaisGeonim3Point676Degrees() { /** * This method returns the tzais (nightfall) based on the opinion of the Geonim calculated as 3/4 - * of a mil based - * on a 24-minute Mil, or 18 minutes. It is the sun's position at {@link #ZENITH_4_POINT_61 4.61°} below the + * of a mil based on a + * 24-minute mil, or 18 minutes. It is the sun's position at {@link #ZENITH_4_POINT_61 4.61°} below the * western horizon. This is a very early zman and should not be relied on without Rabbinical guidance. * * @return the Date representing the time when the sun is 4.61° below sea level. If the calculation @@ -2697,8 +2720,8 @@ public Date getTzaisGeonim4Point61Degrees() { /** * This method returns the tzais (nightfall) based on the opinion of the Geonim calculated as 3/4 - * of a Mil, based on a 22.5 - * minute Mil, or 16 7/8 minutes. It is the sun's position at {@link #ZENITH_4_POINT_37 4.37°} below the western + * of a mil, based on a + * 22.5-minute mil, or 16 7/8 minutes. It is the sun's position at {@link #ZENITH_4_POINT_37 4.37°} below the western * horizon. This is a very early zman and should not be relied on without Rabbinical guidance. * * @return the Date representing the time when the sun is 4.37° below sea level. If the calculation @@ -2714,8 +2737,8 @@ public Date getTzaisGeonim4Point37Degrees() { /** * This method returns the tzais (nightfall) based on the opinion of the Geonim calculated as 3/4 - * of a 24-minute Mil, - * based on a Mil being 24 minutes, and is calculated as 18 + 2 + 4 for a total of 24 minutes. It is the + * of a 24-minute mil, + * based on a mil being 24 minutes, and is calculated as 18 + 2 + 4 for a total of 24 minutes. It is the * sun's position at {@link #ZENITH_5_POINT_88 5.88°} below the western horizon. This is a very early * zman and should not be relied on without Rabbinical guidance. * @@ -2733,9 +2756,9 @@ public Date getTzaisGeonim5Point88Degrees() { /** * This method returns the tzais (nightfall) based on the opinion of the Geonim calculated as 3/4 - * of a Mil based on the + * of a mil based on the * sun's position at {@link #ZENITH_4_POINT_8 4.8°} below the western horizon. This is based on Rabbi Leo Levi's - * calculations. This is a very early zman and should not be relied on without Rabbinical guidance. + * calculations. This is the This is a very early zman and should not be relied on without Rabbinical guidance. * @todo Additional documentation needed. * * @return the Date representing the time when the sun is 4.8° below sea level. If the calculation @@ -2885,9 +2908,10 @@ public Date getTzaisGeonim9Point75Degrees() { * This method returns the tzais (nightfall) based on the opinion of the Chavas Yair and Divrei Malkiel that the time to walk the distance of a Mil is 15 minutes for a total of 60 minutes - * for 4 Mil after {@link #getSeaLevelSunset() sea level sunset}. See detailed documentation explaining the - * 60-minute concept at {@link #getAlos60()}. + * >Divrei Malkiel that the time to walk the distance of a mil is 15 minutes, for a total of 60 minutes + * for 4 mil after {@link #getSeaLevelSunset() sea level sunset}. See detailed documentation explaining the 60 minute concept at + * {@link #getAlos60()}. * * @return the Date representing 60 minutes after sea level sunset. If the calculation can't be * computed such as in the Arctic Circle where there is at least one day a year where the sun does not rise, @@ -3107,7 +3131,7 @@ public Date getTzais72Zmanis() { } /** - * A utility method to return alos (dawn) or tzais (dusk) based on a fractional day offset. + * A utility method to return alos (dawn) or tzais (dusk) based on a fractional day offset. * @param hours the number of shaos zmaniyos (temporal hours) before sunrise or after sunset that defines dawn * or dusk. If a negative number is passed in, it will return the time of alos (dawn) (subtracting the * time from sunrise) and if a positive number is passed in, it will return the time of tzais (dusk) @@ -3164,10 +3188,11 @@ public Date getTzais96Zmanis() { /** * Method to return tzais (dusk) calculated as 90 minutes after sea level sunset. This method returns * tzais (nightfall) based on the opinion of the Magen Avraham that the time to walk the distance of a - * Mil according to the Rambam's opinion - * is 18 minutes for a total of 90 minutes based on the opinion of Ula who calculated tzais as 5 - * Mil after sea level shkiah (sunset). A similar calculation {@link #getTzais19Point8Degrees()} - * uses solar position calculations based on this time. + * mil according to the + * Rambam's opinion is 18 minutes, for a total of 90 + * minutes based on the opinion of Ula who calculated tzais as 5 mil after sea level + * shkiah (sunset). A similar calculation {@link #getTzais19Point8Degrees()} uses solar position + * calculations based on this time. * * @return the Date representing the time. If the calculation can't be computed such as in the Arctic * Circle where there is at least one day a year where the sun does not rise, and one where it does not set, @@ -3183,12 +3208,13 @@ public Date getTzais90() { /** * This method should be used lechumra only and returns tzais (nightfall) based on the calculations * of Rav Chaim Naeh that the time to walk the - * distance of a Mil according to the Rambam's opinion - * is 2/5 of an hour (24 minutes) for a total of 120 minutes based on the opinion of Ula who calculated - * tzais as 5 Mil after sea level shkiah (sunset). A similar calculation {@link - * #getTzais26Degrees()} uses degree-based calculations based on this 120 minute calculation. Since the zman - * is extremely late and at a point that is long past the 18° point where the darkest point is - * reached, it should only be used lechumra, such as delaying the start of nighttime mitzvos. + * distance of a mil + * according to the Rambam's opinion is 2/5 of an hour (24 minutes) + * for a total of 120 minutes based on the opinion of Ula who calculated tzais as 5 mil after + * sea level shkiah (sunset). A similar calculation {@link #getTzais26Degrees()} uses degree-based calculations + * based on this 120 minute calculation. Since the zman is extremely late and at a point that is long past the + * 18° point where the darkest point is reached, it should only be used lechumra, such as delaying the start + * of nighttime mitzvos. * * @deprecated This method should be used lechumra only since it returns a very late time, and if used * lekula can result in chillul Shabbos etc. There is no current plan to remove this @@ -3209,8 +3235,9 @@ public Date getTzais120() { /** * This method should be used lechumra only and returns tzais (dusk) calculated using 120 minutes * zmaniyos after {@link #getSeaLevelSunset() sea level sunset}. Since the zman - * is extremely late and at a point when it is long past the 18° point where the darkest point is - * reached, it should only be used lechumra, such as delaying the start of nighttime mitzvos. + * is extremely late and at a time when the sun is well below the 18° point (scientifically the darkest point) in + * most places on the globe, it should only be used lechumra, such as delaying the start of nighttime + * mitzvos. * * @deprecated This method should be used lechumra only since it returns a very late time, and if used * lekula can result in chillul Shabbos etc. There is no current plan to remove this @@ -3344,7 +3371,7 @@ public Date getFixedLocalChatzos() { * A method that returns the latest zman krias shema (time to recite Shema in the morning) calculated as 3 * clock hours before {@link #getFixedLocalChatzos()}. Note that there are opinions brought down in Yisrael Vehazmanim * page 57 and Rav Yitzchak Silber's Sha'aos Shavos Bahalacha that this calculation is a mistake and regular + * "https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/811253716">Shaos Shavos Bahalacha that this calculation is a mistake and regular * chatzos should be used for clock-hour calculations as opposed to fixed local chatzos. According to * these opinions it should be 3 clock hours before regular chatzos as calculated in {@link * #getSofZmanShma3HoursBeforeChatzos()}. @@ -3451,11 +3478,11 @@ public Date getSofZmanKidushLevanaBetweenMoldos(Date alos, Date tzais) { * optional end of day to limit molad times to the end of the night before or beginning of the next night. * Ignored if either tzais or alos are null * @param techila - * is it the start of Kiddush Levana time or the end? If it is start roll it to the next tzais, + * is it the start of Kiddush Levana time or the end? If it is start roll it to the next tzais, and * and if it is the end, return the end of the previous night (alos passed in). Ignored if either * alos or tzais are null. * @return the molad based time. If the zman does not occur during the current date, null will be - * returned. + * returned. */ private Date getMoladBasedTime(Date moladBasedTime, Date alos, Date tzais, boolean techila) { Date lastMidnight = getMidnightLastNight(); @@ -3799,7 +3826,7 @@ public Date getSofZmanAchilasChametzMGA72Minutes() { }*/ return getSofZmanTfilaMGA72Minutes(); } - + /** * This method returns the latest time one is allowed eating chametz on Erev Pesach according to the * opinion of the Magen Avraham (MGA) based on alos @@ -3812,7 +3839,7 @@ public Date getSofZmanAchilasChametzMGA72Minutes() { * * @return the Date of the latest time of eating chametz. If it is not erev Pesach or the * calculation can't be computed such as in the Arctic Circle where there is at least one day a year where the sun does - * not rise, and one where it does not set), a null will be returned. See detailed explanation on top of + * not rise, and one where it does not set, a null will be returned. See detailed explanation on top of * the {@link AstronomicalCalendar} documentation. * @todo in v 3.0.0 enable the calendar check for erev pesach and return null in all other cases. * @see #getShaahZmanis72MinutesZmanis() @@ -3914,9 +3941,9 @@ public Date getSofZmanBiurChametzMGA72Minutes() { }*/ return getTimeOffset(getAlos72(), getShaahZmanisMGA() * 5); } - + /** - * FIXME adjust for syncronous + * FIXME adjust for synchronous * This method returns the latest time for burning chametz on Erev Pesach according to the opinion of * the Magen Avraham (MGA) based on alos * being {@link #getAlos72Zmanis() 72} minutes zmanis before {@link #getSunrise() sunrise}. This time is 5 {@link @@ -3927,7 +3954,7 @@ public Date getSofZmanBiurChametzMGA72Minutes() { * @todo in v 3.0.0 enable the calendar check for erev pesach and return null in all other cases. * @return the Date of the latest time for burning chametz on Erev Pesach. If it is not * erev Pesach or the calculation can't be computed such as in the Arctic Circle where there is at - * least one day a year where the sun does not rise, and one where it does not set), a null will be + * least one day a year where the sun does not rise, and one where it does not set, a null will be * returned. See detailed explanation on top of the {@link AstronomicalCalendar} documentation. * @see #getShaahZmanis72MinutesZmanis() * @see #getAlos72Zmanis() @@ -3944,7 +3971,7 @@ public Date getSofZmanBiurChametzMGA72MinutesZmanis() { } /** - * FIXME adjust for syncronous + * FIXME adjust for synchronous * This method returns the latest time for burning chametz on Erev Pesach according to the opinion * of the Magen Avraham (MGA) based on alos * being {@link #getAlos16Point1Degrees() 16.1°} before {@link #getSunrise() sunrise}. This time is 5 @@ -3979,7 +4006,7 @@ public Date getSofZmanBiurChametzMGA16Point1Degrees() { * netz amiti (sunrise) without {@link AstronomicalCalculator#getElevationAdjustment(double) * elevation adjustment}. This forms the base for the Baal Hatanya's dawn-based calculations that are * calculated as a dip below the horizon before sunrise. - *

+ * * According to the Baal Hatanya, netz amiti, or true (halachic) sunrise, is when the top of the sun's * disk is visible at an elevation similar to the mountains of Eretz Yisrael. The time is calculated as the point at which * the center of the sun's disk is 1.583° below the horizon. This degree-based calculation can be found in Rabbi Shalom @@ -3994,12 +4021,12 @@ public Date getSofZmanBiurChametzMGA16Point1Degrees() { * "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chabad">Chabad calendars that use the Baal Hatanya's zmanim. See * About Our * Zmanim Calculations @ Chabad.org. - *

+ * * Note: netz amiti is used only for calculating certain zmanim, and is intentionally unpublished. For * practical purposes, daytime mitzvos like shofar and lulav should not be done until after the * published time for netz / sunrise. * - * @return the Date representing the exact sea-level netz amiti (sunrise) time. If the calculation can't be + * @return the Date representing the exact sea level netz amiti (sunrise) time. If the calculation can't be * computed such as in the Arctic Circle where there is at least one day a year where the sun does not rise, and one * where it does not set, a null will be returned. See detailed explanation on top of the page. * @@ -4017,19 +4044,19 @@ private Date getSunriseBaalHatanya() { * shkiah amiti (sunset) without {@link AstronomicalCalculator#getElevationAdjustment(double) * elevation adjustment}. This forms the base for the Baal Hatanya's dusk-based calculations that are calculated * as a dip below the horizon after sunset. - *

+ * * According to the Baal Hatanya, shkiah amiti, true (halachic) sunset, is when the top of the * sun's disk disappears from view at an elevation similar to the mountains of Eretz Yisrael. * This time is calculated as the point at which the center of the sun's disk is 1.583 degrees below the horizon. - *

+ * * Note: shkiah amiti is used only for calculating certain zmanim, and is intentionally unpublished. For * practical purposes, all daytime mitzvos should be completed before the published time for shkiah / sunset. - *

+ * * For further explanation of the calculations used for the Baal Hatanya's zmanim in this library, see * About Our * Zmanim Calculations @ Chabad.org. * - * @return the Date representing the exact sea-level shkiah amiti (sunset) time. If the calculation + * @return the Date representing the exact sea level shkiah amiti (sunset) time. If the calculation * can't be computed such as in the Arctic Circle where there is at least one day a year where the sun does not * rise, and one where it does not set, a null will be returned. See detailed explanation on top of * the {@link AstronomicalCalendar} documentation. @@ -4046,7 +4073,7 @@ private Date getSunsetBaalHatanya() { /** * A method that returns the Baal Hatanya's * a shaah zmanis ({@link #getTemporalHour(Date, Date) temporal hour}). This forms the base for the - * Baal Hatanya's day based calculations that are calculated as a 1.583° dip below the horizon after sunset. + * Baal Hatanya's day based calculations that are calculated as a 1.583° dip below the horizon after sunset. * According to the Baal Hatanya, shkiah amiti, true (halachic) sunset, is when the top of the * sun's disk disappears from view at an elevation similar to the mountains of Eretz Yisrael. * This time is calculated as the point at which the center of the sun's disk is 1.583 degrees below the horizon. @@ -4076,7 +4103,7 @@ public long getShaahZmanisBaalHatanya() { /** * Returns the Baal Hatanya's alos * (dawn) calculated as the time when the sun is 16.9° below the eastern {@link #GEOMETRIC_ZENITH geometric horizon} - * before {@link #getSunrise sunrise}. For more information the source of 16.9° see {@link #ZENITH_16_POINT_9}. + * before {@link #getSunrise() sunrise}. For more information the source of 16.9° see {@link #ZENITH_16_POINT_9}. * * @see #ZENITH_16_POINT_9 * @return The Date of dawn. If the calculation can't be computed such as northern and southern @@ -4262,7 +4289,7 @@ public Date getPlagHaminchaBaalHatanya() { /** * A method that returns tzais (nightfall) when the sun is 6° below the western geometric horizon - * (90°) after {@link #getSunset sunset}. For information on the source of this calculation see + * (90°) after {@link #getSunset() sunset}. For information on the source of this calculation see * {@link #ZENITH_6_DEGREES}. * * @return The Date of nightfall. If the calculation can't be computed such as northern and southern @@ -4493,7 +4520,7 @@ public Date getPlagHaminchaGRAFixedLocalChatzosToSunset() { /** * Method to return tzais (dusk) calculated as 50 minutes after sea level sunset. This method returns * tzais (nightfall) based on the opinion of Rabbi Moshe Feinstein for the New York area. This time should - * not be used for latitudes different from the NY area. + * not be used for latitudes other than ones similar to the latitude of the NY area. * * @return the Date representing the time. If the calculation can't be computed such as in the Arctic * Circle where there is at least one day a year where the sun does not rise, and one where it does not set,