diff --git a/packages/vite-node/src/server.ts b/packages/vite-node/src/server.ts
index b50b3cf049c8..fefe8e8bf805 100644
--- a/packages/vite-node/src/server.ts
+++ b/packages/vite-node/src/server.ts
@@ -192,7 +192,9 @@ export class ViteNodeServer {
   }
 
   protected async processTransformResult(result: TransformResult) {
-    return withInlineSourcemap(result)
+    return withInlineSourcemap(result, {
+      root: this.server.config.root,
+    })
   }
 
   private async _transformRequest(id: string, customTransformMode?: 'web' | 'ssr') {
diff --git a/packages/vite-node/src/source-map.ts b/packages/vite-node/src/source-map.ts
index 581c197f0d6d..4ab6c0065538 100644
--- a/packages/vite-node/src/source-map.ts
+++ b/packages/vite-node/src/source-map.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import type { TransformResult } from 'vite'
 import type { EncodedSourceMap } from '@jridgewell/trace-mapping'
 import { install } from './source-map-handler'
+import { toFilePath } from './utils'
 
 interface InstallSourceMapSupportOptions {
   getSourceMap: (source: string) => EncodedSourceMap | null | undefined
@@ -13,13 +14,22 @@ const VITE_NODE_SOURCEMAPPING_SOURCE = '//# sourceMappingSource=vite-node'
 const VITE_NODE_SOURCEMAPPING_URL = `${SOURCEMAPPING_URL}=data:application/json;charset=utf-8`
 const VITE_NODE_SOURCEMAPPING_REGEXP = new RegExp(`//# ${VITE_NODE_SOURCEMAPPING_URL};base64,(.+)`)
 
-export function withInlineSourcemap(result: TransformResult) {
+export function withInlineSourcemap(result: TransformResult, options: {
+  root: string // project root path of this resource
+}) {
   const map = result.map
   let code = result.code
 
   if (!map || code.includes(VITE_NODE_SOURCEMAPPING_SOURCE))
     return result
 
+  // sources path from `ViteDevServer` may be not a valid filesystem path (eg. /src/main.js),
+  // so we try to convert them to valid filesystem path
+  map.sources = map.sources.map((one) => {
+    const { exists, path } = toFilePath(one, options.root)
+    return exists ? path : one
+  })
+
   // to reduce the payload size, we only inline vite node source map, because it's also the only one we use
   const OTHER_SOURCE_MAP_REGEXP = new RegExp(`//# ${SOURCEMAPPING_URL}=data:application/json[^,]+base64,(.+)`, 'g')
   while (OTHER_SOURCE_MAP_REGEXP.test(code))