From ea1313fcc847862d2989ca13faa776fdd72dcff8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ben Purinton <ben.purinton@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 5 Apr 2023 18:11:07 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 01/12] added helper-methods specs

---
 spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb | 91 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 spec/features/dummy_spec.rb   |  7 ---
 2 files changed, 91 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb
 delete mode 100644 spec/features/dummy_spec.rb

diff --git a/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb b/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0743f74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+require "rails_helper"
+
+describe "The /movies page" do
+  before do
+    visit "/movies"
+  end
+
+  it "can be visited", points: 1 do
+    expect(page.status_code).to be(200),
+      "Expected to visit /movies successfully."
+  end
+
+  it "has a link to add a movie", points: 1 do
+    expect(page).to have_link('Add a new movie', href: "/movies/new"),
+      "Expected /movies to have an 'Add a new movie' link to '/movies/new'."
+  end
+end
+
+describe "The /movies/new page" do
+  before do
+    visit "/movies/new"
+  end
+
+  it "can be visited", points: 1 do
+    expect(page.status_code).to be(200),
+      "Expected to visit /movies/new successfully."
+  end
+
+  it "has a form", points: 1 do
+    expect(page).to have_selector("form[action='/movies']"),
+      "Expected /movies/new to have a form with action='/movies'."
+  end
+
+  it "has a hidden authenticity token input", points: 2 do
+    expect(page).to have_selector("input")#[name='authenticity_token']", visible: false),
+      "Expected the new movie form to have an input field of type='hidden' and name='authenticity_token'."
+  end
+
+  it "creates a movie successfully", point: 1 do
+    fill_in "Title", with: "My test movie"
+    fill_in "Description", with: "description"
+    click_button "Create Movie"
+    expect(page).to have_content("Movie created successfully."),
+      "Expected to fill in the new movie form, click 'Create Movie', and be redirected to the movie index with a success notice"
+  end
+end
+
+describe "The movie details page" do
+  before do
+    @movie = Movie.create(
+      title: "My title",
+      description: "My description"
+    )
+    visit "/movies/#{@movie.id}"
+  end
+
+  it "can be visited", points: 1 do
+    expect(page.status_code).to be(200),
+      "Expected to visit /movies/ID successfully."
+  end
+
+  it "has a link to delete the movie with a DELETE request", points: 2 do
+    expect(page).to have_selector("a[href='/movies/#{ @movie.id }'][data-method='delete']", text: 'Delete Movie'),
+      "Expected /movies/ID to have 'Delete Movie' link with the proper data-method='delete'."
+  end
+end
+
+describe "The movie edit page" do
+  before do
+    @movie = Movie.create(
+      title: "My title",
+      description: "My description"
+    )
+    visit "/movies/#{@movie.id}/edit"
+  end
+
+  it "can be visited", points: 1 do
+    expect(page.status_code).to be(200),
+      "Expected to visit /movies/ID/edit successfully."
+  end
+
+  it "has a form", points: 1 do
+    expect(page).to have_selector("form[action='/movies/#{@movie.id}'][method='post']"),
+      "Expected /movies/ID/edit to have a form with action='/movies/ID' and method='post'."
+  end
+
+  it "has a hidden patch input", points: 2 do
+    expect(page).to have_selector("input[name='_method'][value='patch']", visible: false),
+      "Expected the edit movie form to have an input field of type='hidden' with name='_method' and value='patch'."
+  end
+end
diff --git a/spec/features/dummy_spec.rb b/spec/features/dummy_spec.rb
deleted file mode 100644
index a2c737b..0000000
--- a/spec/features/dummy_spec.rb
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-require "rails_helper"
-
-describe "This project" do
-  it "has no tests" do
-    expect(1).to eq(1)
-  end
-end

From 81e2d2f17d0c2e70bfdb452401e989bc5793ff6e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ben Purinton <ben.purinton@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 5 Apr 2023 18:18:07 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 02/12] remove authenticity_token spec

---
 spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb | 5 -----
 1 file changed, 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb b/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb
index 0743f74..f21428f 100644
--- a/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb
@@ -31,11 +31,6 @@
       "Expected /movies/new to have a form with action='/movies'."
   end
 
-  it "has a hidden authenticity token input", points: 2 do
-    expect(page).to have_selector("input")#[name='authenticity_token']", visible: false),
-      "Expected the new movie form to have an input field of type='hidden' and name='authenticity_token'."
-  end
-
   it "creates a movie successfully", point: 1 do
     fill_in "Title", with: "My test movie"
     fill_in "Description", with: "description"

From d813134fcf7dda4512fa6f7008c6086fd8ec1cd0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ben Purinton <ben.purinton@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 5 Apr 2023 18:31:15 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 03/12] added some card and font awesome specs

---
 spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb | 14 ++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 12 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb b/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb
index f21428f..9ba5bbd 100644
--- a/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb
@@ -54,8 +54,18 @@
       "Expected to visit /movies/ID successfully."
   end
 
-  it "has a link to delete the movie with a DELETE request", points: 2 do
-    expect(page).to have_selector("a[href='/movies/#{ @movie.id }'][data-method='delete']", text: 'Delete Movie'),
+  it "shows the movie on a bootstrap card", points: 2 do
+    expect(page).to have_selector("div[class='card']"),
+      "Expected /movies/ID to have have a <div class='card'> element to display the movie."
+  end
+
+  it "has a Font Awesome trash can icon to delete the movie", points: 2 do
+    expect(page).to have_selector("i[class='fa-regular fa-trash-can']"),
+      "Expected /movies/ID to have a Font Awesome trash can icon on the card, with class='fa-regular fa-trash-can'."
+  end
+
+  it "deletes the movie with a DELETE request", points: 2 do
+    expect(page).to have_selector("a[href='/movies/#{@movie.id}'][data-method='delete']"),
       "Expected /movies/ID to have 'Delete Movie' link with the proper data-method='delete'."
   end
 end

From 5020e80c32acde6b81d9daef169ca773e15001a6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ben Purinton <ben.purinton@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 5 Apr 2023 18:55:45 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 04/12] added spec for navbar

---
 spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)

diff --git a/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb b/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb
index 9ba5bbd..a946d7a 100644
--- a/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb
@@ -14,6 +14,11 @@
     expect(page).to have_link('Add a new movie', href: "/movies/new"),
       "Expected /movies to have an 'Add a new movie' link to '/movies/new'."
   end
+
+  it "has a bootstrap navbar", points: 1 do
+    expect(page).to have_selector("nav[class='navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light']"),
+    "Expected /movies to have have a <nav class='navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light'> bootstrap navbar."
+  end
 end
 
 describe "The /movies/new page" do

From a4ad5b4efbd2badd04fbcfbb050b308280897786 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ben Purinton <ben.purinton@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 5 Apr 2023 18:58:44 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 05/12] added spec for container

---
 spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)

diff --git a/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb b/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb
index a946d7a..6690171 100644
--- a/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb
@@ -19,6 +19,11 @@
     expect(page).to have_selector("nav[class='navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light']"),
     "Expected /movies to have have a <nav class='navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light'> bootstrap navbar."
   end
+
+  it "has padding with a bootstrap container class", points: 1 do
+    expect(page).to have_selector("div[class='container mt-3']"),
+    "Expected /movies to have have a <div class='container mt-3'> bootstrap container for padding."
+  end
 end
 
 describe "The /movies/new page" do

From c958bafec0827e69b6cb93d0ffa4fb9e64846f20 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ben Purinton <ben.purinton@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 5 Apr 2023 22:58:45 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 06/12] remove before blocks

---
 spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb | 53 ++++++++++++++++++++---------------
 1 file changed, 31 insertions(+), 22 deletions(-)

diff --git a/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb b/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb
index 6690171..6f9b3d4 100644
--- a/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb
@@ -1,105 +1,114 @@
 require "rails_helper"
 
 describe "The /movies page" do
-  before do
+  it "can be visited", points: 1 do
     visit "/movies"
-  end
 
-  it "can be visited", points: 1 do
     expect(page.status_code).to be(200),
       "Expected to visit /movies successfully."
   end
 
   it "has a link to add a movie", points: 1 do
+    visit "/movies"
+
     expect(page).to have_link('Add a new movie', href: "/movies/new"),
       "Expected /movies to have an 'Add a new movie' link to '/movies/new'."
   end
 
   it "has a bootstrap navbar", points: 1 do
+    visit "/movies"
+
     expect(page).to have_selector("nav[class='navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light']"),
     "Expected /movies to have have a <nav class='navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light'> bootstrap navbar."
   end
 
   it "has padding with a bootstrap container class", points: 1 do
+    visit "/movies"
+
     expect(page).to have_selector("div[class='container mt-3']"),
     "Expected /movies to have have a <div class='container mt-3'> bootstrap container for padding."
   end
 end
 
 describe "The /movies/new page" do
-  before do
+  it "can be visited", points: 1 do
     visit "/movies/new"
-  end
 
-  it "can be visited", points: 1 do
     expect(page.status_code).to be(200),
       "Expected to visit /movies/new successfully."
   end
 
   it "has a form", points: 1 do
+    visit "/movies/new"
+
     expect(page).to have_selector("form[action='/movies']"),
       "Expected /movies/new to have a form with action='/movies'."
   end
 
   it "creates a movie successfully", point: 1 do
+    visit "/movies/new"
+
     fill_in "Title", with: "My test movie"
     fill_in "Description", with: "description"
     click_button "Create Movie"
+
     expect(page).to have_content("Movie created successfully."),
       "Expected to fill in the new movie form, click 'Create Movie', and be redirected to the movie index with a success notice"
   end
 end
 
 describe "The movie details page" do
-  before do
-    @movie = Movie.create(
-      title: "My title",
-      description: "My description"
-    )
-    visit "/movies/#{@movie.id}"
-  end
+  let(:movie) { Movie.create(title: "My title", description: "My description") }
 
   it "can be visited", points: 1 do
+    visit "/movies/#{movie.id}"
+
     expect(page.status_code).to be(200),
       "Expected to visit /movies/ID successfully."
   end
 
   it "shows the movie on a bootstrap card", points: 2 do
+    visit "/movies/#{movie.id}"
+
     expect(page).to have_selector("div[class='card']"),
       "Expected /movies/ID to have have a <div class='card'> element to display the movie."
   end
 
   it "has a Font Awesome trash can icon to delete the movie", points: 2 do
+    visit "/movies/#{movie.id}"
+
     expect(page).to have_selector("i[class='fa-regular fa-trash-can']"),
       "Expected /movies/ID to have a Font Awesome trash can icon on the card, with class='fa-regular fa-trash-can'."
   end
 
   it "deletes the movie with a DELETE request", points: 2 do
-    expect(page).to have_selector("a[href='/movies/#{@movie.id}'][data-method='delete']"),
+    visit "/movies/#{movie.id}"
+
+    expect(page).to have_selector("a[href='/movies/#{movie.id}'][data-method='delete']"),
       "Expected /movies/ID to have 'Delete Movie' link with the proper data-method='delete'."
   end
 end
 
 describe "The movie edit page" do
-  before do
-    @movie = Movie.create(
-      title: "My title",
-      description: "My description"
-    )
-    visit "/movies/#{@movie.id}/edit"
-  end
+  let(:movie) { Movie.create(title: "My title", description: "My description") }
 
   it "can be visited", points: 1 do
+    visit "/movies/#{movie.id}/edit"
+
     expect(page.status_code).to be(200),
       "Expected to visit /movies/ID/edit successfully."
   end
 
   it "has a form", points: 1 do
-    expect(page).to have_selector("form[action='/movies/#{@movie.id}'][method='post']"),
+    visit "/movies/#{movie.id}/edit"
+
+    expect(page).to have_selector("form[action='/movies/#{movie.id}'][method='post']"),
       "Expected /movies/ID/edit to have a form with action='/movies/ID' and method='post'."
   end
 
   it "has a hidden patch input", points: 2 do
+    visit "/movies/#{movie.id}/edit"
+
     expect(page).to have_selector("input[name='_method'][value='patch']", visible: false),
       "Expected the edit movie form to have an input field of type='hidden' with name='_method' and value='patch'."
   end

From 76d72b584de2083cfd2129a9dc731f9af5ea9efb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ben Purinton <ben.purinton@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 5 Apr 2023 23:35:15 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 07/12] basic devise spec

---
 spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb | 14 ++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+)

diff --git a/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb b/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb
index 6f9b3d4..53e8035 100644
--- a/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb
@@ -113,3 +113,17 @@
       "Expected the edit movie form to have an input field of type='hidden' with name='_method' and value='patch'."
   end
 end
+
+describe "/users/sign_up" do
+  it "allows a user to sign up", points: 2 do
+    visit new_user_registration_path
+
+    fill_in "Email", with: "user@example.com"
+    fill_in "Password", with: "password"
+    fill_in "Password confirmation", with: "password"
+    click_button "Sign up"
+
+    expect(page).to have_content("Welcome! You have signed up successfully."),
+      "Expected to visit /users/sign_up, make an account, and be redirected to the homepage with a notification 'Welcome! You have signed up successfully.'."
+  end
+end

From 9c81efb03de75a8d96440289a06641b2a94ff0a5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ben Purinton <ben.purinton@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 6 Apr 2023 15:43:31 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 08/12] PR comment light-themed bootstrap

---
 spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb b/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb
index 53e8035..8b38bcc 100644
--- a/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
       "Expected /movies to have an 'Add a new movie' link to '/movies/new'."
   end
 
-  it "has a bootstrap navbar", points: 1 do
+  it "has a large, light-themed bootstrap navbar", points: 1 do
     visit "/movies"
 
     expect(page).to have_selector("nav[class='navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light']"),

From 63270ce2887e8ac8971aec971ef98acf57d6a4fe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ben Purinton <ben.purinton@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 6 Apr 2023 15:47:18 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 09/12] PR comment margin top spacing

---
 spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb b/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb
index 8b38bcc..9110b5b 100644
--- a/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb
@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@
     "Expected /movies to have have a <nav class='navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light bg-light'> bootstrap navbar."
   end
 
-  it "has padding with a bootstrap container class", points: 1 do
+  it "has margin top spacing with a bootstrap container class", points: 1 do
     visit "/movies"
 
     expect(page).to have_selector("div[class='container mt-3']"),
-    "Expected /movies to have have a <div class='container mt-3'> bootstrap container for padding."
+    "Expected /movies to have have a <div class='container mt-3'> bootstrap container for adding margin top spacing."
   end
 end
 

From a84423f69ffcc3428f31082bee185ad904fd8f09 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ben Purinton <ben.purinton@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 6 Apr 2023 16:15:20 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 10/12] PR comment create movie

---
 spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb | 18 ++++++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb b/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb
index 9110b5b..f958576 100644
--- a/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb
@@ -45,7 +45,21 @@
       "Expected /movies/new to have a form with action='/movies'."
   end
 
-  it "creates a movie successfully", point: 1 do
+  it "has a form that creates a movie record", point: 1 do
+    old_movies_count = Movie.count
+    visit "/movies/new"
+
+    fill_in "Title", with: "My test movie"
+    fill_in "Description", with: "description"
+    click_button "Create Movie"
+
+    new_movies_count = Movie.count
+    
+    expect(old_movies_count).to be < new_movies_count,
+      "Expected 'Create Movie' form on /movies/new to successfully add a Movie record to the database."
+  end
+
+  it "displays a success notice flash message after creating movie", point: 1 do
     visit "/movies/new"
 
     fill_in "Title", with: "My test movie"
@@ -53,7 +67,7 @@
     click_button "Create Movie"
 
     expect(page).to have_content("Movie created successfully."),
-      "Expected to fill in the new movie form, click 'Create Movie', and be redirected to the movie index with a success notice"
+      "Expected to see the notice flash message 'Movie created successfully' after filling in and submitting the /movies/new form."
   end
 end
 

From 73f299ff54d0f5d14f2feb201e5cb9b7bbf3d1cf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ben Purinton <ben.purinton@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 6 Apr 2023 17:24:46 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 11/12] devise sign up and sign in specs

---
 spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb | 78 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 64 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb b/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb
index f958576..12602c7 100644
--- a/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,41 @@
 require "rails_helper"
 
+describe "User authentication" do
+  it "Devise method `before_action :authenticate_user!` requires sign in before any action", points: 2 do
+    visit "/movies/new"
+    current_url = page.current_path
+
+    expect(current_url).to eq(new_user_session_path),
+      "Expected `before_action :authenticate_user!` in `ApplicationController` to redirect guest to /users/sign_in before visiting another page."
+  end
+
+  it "allows a user to sign up", points: 2 do
+    old_users_count = User.count
+    visit new_user_registration_path
+
+    fill_in "Email", with: "user@example.com"
+    fill_in "Password", with: "password"
+    fill_in "Password confirmation", with: "password"
+    click_button "Sign up"
+
+    new_users_count = User.count
+
+    expect(old_users_count).to be < new_users_count,
+      "Expected 'Sign up' form on /users/sign_up to successfully add a User record to the database."
+  end
+end
+
 describe "The /movies page" do
+  let(:user) { User.create(email: "alice@example.com", password: "password") }
+
+  before do
+    visit new_user_session_path
+
+    fill_in "Email", with: user.email
+    fill_in "Password", with: user.password
+    click_button "Log in"
+  end
+
   it "can be visited", points: 1 do
     visit "/movies"
 
@@ -31,6 +66,16 @@
 end
 
 describe "The /movies/new page" do
+  let(:user) { User.create(email: "alice@example.com", password: "password") }
+
+  before do
+    visit new_user_session_path
+
+    fill_in "Email", with: user.email
+    fill_in "Password", with: user.password
+    click_button "Log in"
+  end
+
   it "can be visited", points: 1 do
     visit "/movies/new"
 
@@ -72,6 +117,16 @@
 end
 
 describe "The movie details page" do
+  let(:user) { User.create(email: "alice@example.com", password: "password") }
+
+  before do
+    visit new_user_session_path
+
+    fill_in "Email", with: user.email
+    fill_in "Password", with: user.password
+    click_button "Log in"
+  end
+
   let(:movie) { Movie.create(title: "My title", description: "My description") }
 
   it "can be visited", points: 1 do
@@ -105,6 +160,15 @@
 
 describe "The movie edit page" do
   let(:movie) { Movie.create(title: "My title", description: "My description") }
+  let(:user) { User.create(email: "alice@example.com", password: "password") }
+
+  before do
+    visit new_user_session_path
+
+    fill_in "Email", with: user.email
+    fill_in "Password", with: user.password
+    click_button "Log in"
+  end
 
   it "can be visited", points: 1 do
     visit "/movies/#{movie.id}/edit"
@@ -127,17 +191,3 @@
       "Expected the edit movie form to have an input field of type='hidden' with name='_method' and value='patch'."
   end
 end
-
-describe "/users/sign_up" do
-  it "allows a user to sign up", points: 2 do
-    visit new_user_registration_path
-
-    fill_in "Email", with: "user@example.com"
-    fill_in "Password", with: "password"
-    fill_in "Password confirmation", with: "password"
-    click_button "Sign up"
-
-    expect(page).to have_content("Welcome! You have signed up successfully."),
-      "Expected to visit /users/sign_up, make an account, and be redirected to the homepage with a notification 'Welcome! You have signed up successfully.'."
-  end
-end

From fc7c0f9d04162434f7bc5c56493066a4b5ac3499 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ben Purinton <ben.purinton@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 6 Apr 2023 18:14:53 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 12/12] better devise testing

---
 spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb | 49 ++++++++++++++---------------------
 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)

diff --git a/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb b/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb
index 12602c7..4819845 100644
--- a/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/features/1_basic_spec.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 require "rails_helper"
 
 describe "User authentication" do
-  it "Devise method `before_action :authenticate_user!` requires sign in before any action", points: 2 do
+  it "requires sign in before any action with the Devise `before_action :authenticate_user!` method", points: 2 do
     visit "/movies/new"
     current_url = page.current_path
 
@@ -26,14 +26,8 @@
 end
 
 describe "The /movies page" do
-  let(:user) { User.create(email: "alice@example.com", password: "password") }
-
   before do
-    visit new_user_session_path
-
-    fill_in "Email", with: user.email
-    fill_in "Password", with: user.password
-    click_button "Log in"
+    sign_in_user if user_model_exists?
   end
 
   it "can be visited", points: 1 do
@@ -66,14 +60,8 @@
 end
 
 describe "The /movies/new page" do
-  let(:user) { User.create(email: "alice@example.com", password: "password") }
-
   before do
-    visit new_user_session_path
-
-    fill_in "Email", with: user.email
-    fill_in "Password", with: user.password
-    click_button "Log in"
+    sign_in_user if user_model_exists?
   end
 
   it "can be visited", points: 1 do
@@ -117,18 +105,12 @@
 end
 
 describe "The movie details page" do
-  let(:user) { User.create(email: "alice@example.com", password: "password") }
+  let(:movie) { Movie.create(title: "My title", description: "My description") }
 
   before do
-    visit new_user_session_path
-
-    fill_in "Email", with: user.email
-    fill_in "Password", with: user.password
-    click_button "Log in"
+    sign_in_user if user_model_exists?
   end
 
-  let(:movie) { Movie.create(title: "My title", description: "My description") }
-
   it "can be visited", points: 1 do
     visit "/movies/#{movie.id}"
 
@@ -160,14 +142,9 @@
 
 describe "The movie edit page" do
   let(:movie) { Movie.create(title: "My title", description: "My description") }
-  let(:user) { User.create(email: "alice@example.com", password: "password") }
 
   before do
-    visit new_user_session_path
-
-    fill_in "Email", with: user.email
-    fill_in "Password", with: user.password
-    click_button "Log in"
+    sign_in_user if user_model_exists?
   end
 
   it "can be visited", points: 1 do
@@ -191,3 +168,17 @@
       "Expected the edit movie form to have an input field of type='hidden' with name='_method' and value='patch'."
   end
 end
+
+
+def sign_in_user
+  user = User.create(email: "alice@example.com", password: "password")
+  visit new_user_session_path
+
+  fill_in "Email", with: user.email
+  fill_in "Password", with: user.password
+  click_button "Log in"
+end
+
+def user_model_exists?
+  Object.const_defined?("User")
+end