diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_app/__init__.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_app/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_app/admin.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_app/admin.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4217b9fd --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_app/admin.py @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +from django.contrib import admin +from .models import Cheep + +# Register your models here. + +admin.site.register(Cheep) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_app/apps.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_app/apps.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b0149d00 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_app/apps.py @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +from django.apps import AppConfig + + +class ChirpyAppConfig(AppConfig): + default_auto_field = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField' + name = 'chirpy_app' diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_app/migrations/__init__.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_app/migrations/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_app/models.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_app/models.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8525702c --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_app/models.py @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +from tkinter import CASCADE +from django.db import models +from django.contrib.auth.models import User +# Create your models here. + +class Cheep(models.Model): + chirp = models.CharField(max_length=120) + date_published = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) + user =models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE) + deleted = models.BooleanField(default=False) + + def __str__(self): + return f'{self.user}: {self.date_published} -- {self.chirp}' + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_app/templates/chirpy_app/index.html b/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_app/templates/chirpy_app/index.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4874168b --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_app/templates/chirpy_app/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + + + Chirp + + +

Welcome to Class Kiwi Chirpy

+ +
+ {% csrf_token %} + {{form}} + +
+ + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_app/tests.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_app/tests.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7ce503c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_app/tests.py @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +from django.test import TestCase + +# Create your tests here. diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_app/urls.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_app/urls.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d65361a0 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_app/urls.py @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +from django import views +from django.urls import path +from .import views + + +urlpatterns = [ + path('', views.index, name='index') + path('save/', views.save_cheep, name='save') +] diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_app/views.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_app/views.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d95638be --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_app/views.py @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +from django.shortcuts import render +from django import forms +from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect +from django.urls import reverse +from .models import Cheep + + +class NewCheepForm(forms.Form): + text = forms.CharField(label='Cheep your thoughts here', ) + +# Create your views here. +def index(request): + return render(request, 'chirpy_app/index.html', { + 'form': NewCheepForm() + }) + +def save_cheep(request): + if request.method == 'Post': + form = NewCheepForm(request.POST) + if form.is_valid(): + text = form.cleaned_data['text'] + user = request.user + + cheep = Cheep() + cheep.chirp = text + cheep.user = user + cheep.save() + + return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('index')) + + # return render(request, 'chirpy_app/index.html', { + # 'form':NewCheepForm() + # }) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_proj/chirpy_proj/__init__.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_proj/chirpy_proj/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_proj/chirpy_proj/asgi.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_proj/chirpy_proj/asgi.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a8c08843 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_proj/chirpy_proj/asgi.py @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +""" +ASGI config for chirpy_proj project. + +It exposes the ASGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/deployment/asgi/ +""" + +import os + +from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application + +os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'chirpy_proj.settings') + +application = get_asgi_application() diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_proj/chirpy_proj/settings.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_proj/chirpy_proj/settings.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f78904c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_proj/chirpy_proj/settings.py @@ -0,0 +1,126 @@ +""" +Django settings for chirpy_proj project. + +Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 4.0.3. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/settings/ + +For the full list of settings and their values, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/ +""" + +from pathlib import Path + +# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'. +BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent + + +# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production +# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/deployment/checklist/ + +# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret! +SECRET_KEY = 'django-insecure-_&68jan7*_^zq_sj4_6i@&e6#pmg_ed9#3sak@ep^zwz6)$8%@' + +# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production! +DEBUG = True + +ALLOWED_HOSTS = [] + + +# Application definition + +INSTALLED_APPS = [ + 'django.contrib.admin', + 'django.contrib.auth', + 'django.contrib.contenttypes', + 'django.contrib.sessions', + 'django.contrib.messages', + 'django.contrib.staticfiles', + + + 'chirpy_app', +] + +MIDDLEWARE = [ + 'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware', +] + +ROOT_URLCONF = 'chirpy_proj.urls' + +TEMPLATES = [ + { + 'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates', + 'DIRS': [], + 'APP_DIRS': True, + 'OPTIONS': { + 'context_processors': [ + 'django.template.context_processors.debug', + 'django.template.context_processors.request', + 'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth', + 'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages', + ], + }, + }, +] + +WSGI_APPLICATION = 'chirpy_proj.wsgi.application' + + +# Database +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#databases + +DATABASES = { + 'default': { + 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3', + 'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3', + } +} + + +# Password validation +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators + +AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [ + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator', + }, + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator', + }, + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator', + }, + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator', + }, +] + + +# Internationalization +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/i18n/ + +LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us' + +TIME_ZONE = 'UTC' + +USE_I18N = True + +USE_TZ = True + + +# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images) +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/static-files/ + +STATIC_URL = 'static/' + +# Default primary key field type +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#default-auto-field + +DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField' diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_proj/chirpy_proj/urls.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_proj/chirpy_proj/urls.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ae4f3e3a --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_proj/chirpy_proj/urls.py @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +"""chirpy_proj URL Configuration + +The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see: + https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/http/urls/ +Examples: +Function views + 1. Add an import: from my_app import views + 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', views.home, name='home') +Class-based views + 1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home + 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', Home.as_view(), name='home') +Including another URLconf + 1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path + 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('blog/', include('blog.urls')) +""" +from django.contrib import admin +from django.urls import path, include + +urlpatterns = [ + path('admin/', admin.site.urls), + path('chirp/', include('chirpy_app.urls')) +] diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_proj/chirpy_proj/wsgi.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_proj/chirpy_proj/wsgi.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a7d60919 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_proj/chirpy_proj/wsgi.py @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +""" +WSGI config for chirpy_proj project. + +It exposes the WSGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/deployment/wsgi/ +""" + +import os + +from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application + +os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'chirpy_proj.settings') + +application = get_wsgi_application() diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_proj/manage.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_proj/manage.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..327acf62 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Chirp_Proj/Chirp/chirpy_proj/manage.py @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python +"""Django's command-line utility for administrative tasks.""" +import os +import sys + + +def main(): + """Run administrative tasks.""" + os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'chirpy_proj.settings') + try: + from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line + except ImportError as exc: + raise ImportError( + "Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and " + "available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you " + "forget to activate a virtual environment?" + ) from exc + execute_from_command_line(sys.argv) + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + main() diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/Django_Grocery_Lab2/__init__.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/Django_Grocery_Lab2/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/Django_Grocery_Lab2/asgi.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/Django_Grocery_Lab2/asgi.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..34da852e --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/Django_Grocery_Lab2/asgi.py @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +""" +ASGI config for Django_Grocery_Lab2 project. + +It exposes the ASGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/deployment/asgi/ +""" + +import os + +from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application + +os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'Django_Grocery_Lab2.settings') + +application = get_asgi_application() diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/Django_Grocery_Lab2/settings.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/Django_Grocery_Lab2/settings.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b59b73eb --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/Django_Grocery_Lab2/settings.py @@ -0,0 +1,133 @@ +""" +Django settings for Django_Grocery_Lab2 project. + +Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 4.0.3. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/settings/ + +For the full list of settings and their values, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/ +""" + +from pathlib import Path + +# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'. +BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent + + +# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production +# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/deployment/checklist/ + +# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret! +SECRET_KEY = 'django-insecure-u+a(_te!a#_1wa+mdr2z7^-^q8ztnkmkzj4y%mz)!14twyokqs' + +# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production! +DEBUG = True + +ALLOWED_HOSTS = [] + + +# Application definition + +INSTALLED_APPS = [ + 'django.contrib.admin', + 'django.contrib.auth', + 'django.contrib.contenttypes', + 'django.contrib.sessions', + 'django.contrib.messages', + 'django.contrib.staticfiles', + + 'grocery_app', + 'accounts' +] + +MIDDLEWARE = [ + 'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware', +] + +ROOT_URLCONF = 'Django_Grocery_Lab2.urls' + +TEMPLATES = [ + { + 'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates', + 'DIRS': [], + 'APP_DIRS': True, + 'OPTIONS': { + 'context_processors': [ + 'django.template.context_processors.debug', + 'django.template.context_processors.request', + 'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth', + 'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages', + ], + }, + }, +] + +WSGI_APPLICATION = 'Django_Grocery_Lab2.wsgi.application' + + +# Database +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#databases + +DATABASES = { + 'default': { + 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3', + 'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3', + } +} + + +# Password validation +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators + +AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [ + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator', + }, + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator', + }, + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator', + }, + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator', + }, +] + + +# Internationalization +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/i18n/ + +LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us' + +TIME_ZONE = 'America/Los_Angeles' + +USE_I18N = True + +USE_TZ = True + + +# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images) +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/static-files/ + +STATIC_URL = '/static/' +STATIC_ROOT = BASE_DIR / 'staticfiles' + +STATICFILES_DIRS = [ + BASE_DIR / "static", +] + +# Default primary key field type +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#default-auto-field + +DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField' + +LOGIN_URL = '/accounts/signin' \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/Django_Grocery_Lab2/static/css/signin.css b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/Django_Grocery_Lab2/static/css/signin.css new file mode 100644 index 00000000..79bae22d --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/Django_Grocery_Lab2/static/css/signin.css @@ -0,0 +1,42 @@ +html, +body { + height: 100%; +} + +body { + display: flex; + align-items: center; + padding-top: 40px; + padding-bottom: 40px; +} + +.form-signin { + width: 100%; + max-width: 330px; + padding: 15px; + margin: auto; +} + +.form-signin .checkbox { + font-weight: 400; +} + +.form-signin .form-floating:focus-within { + z-index: 2; +} + +.form-signin input[type="email"] { + margin-bottom: -1px; + border-bottom-right-radius: 0; + border-bottom-left-radius: 0; +} + +.form-signin input[type="password"] { + margin-bottom: 10px; + border-top-left-radius: 0; + border-top-right-radius: 0; +} + +a { + text-decoration: none; +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/Django_Grocery_Lab2/static/css/styles.css b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/Django_Grocery_Lab2/static/css/styles.css new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5993f5b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/Django_Grocery_Lab2/static/css/styles.css @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@300;400;700&display=swap'); +body { + font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif; + font-weight: 300; + background-color: beige; +} + +h1, h2, h3, h4, h5 { + font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif; + font-weight: 700; +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/Django_Grocery_Lab2/templates/grocery_app/add.html b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/Django_Grocery_Lab2/templates/grocery_app/add.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9d5bcde5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/Django_Grocery_Lab2/templates/grocery_app/add.html @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +{% extends "base.html" %}{% load static %} + +{% block title %}Add to bag{% endblock title %} + +{% block content %} + +
+

Add to Grocery Bag

+ {% include 'partials/alerts.html' %} +
+ {% csrf_token %} +
+ + +
+
+ + +
+
+ + +
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+ +{% endblock content %} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/Django_Grocery_Lab2/templates/grocery_app/base.html b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/Django_Grocery_Lab2/templates/grocery_app/base.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..dfb77136 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/Django_Grocery_Lab2/templates/grocery_app/base.html @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +{% load static %} + + + + + {% block title %}{% endblock title %} | Grocery Bag + + + + + {% block custom_head %} {% endblock custom_head %} + + {% block content %} {% endblock content %} + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/Django_Grocery_Lab2/templates/grocery_app/index.html b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/Django_Grocery_Lab2/templates/grocery_app/index.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..03747c68 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/Django_Grocery_Lab2/templates/grocery_app/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +{% extends "base.html" %}{% load static %} + +{% block title %}View Bag{% endblock title %} + +{% block content %} + +
+ +
+
+

View Grocery List

+ + + +
+
+
+
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+

Log Out

+
+
+
+
+
+
+ {% include 'partials/alerts.html' %} + +
+ + {% for item in items %} +
+
+
+
{{item.name}}
+
{{item.quantity}}
+ {% if item.status == 'PENDING' %} +

{{item.status}}

+ {% elif item.status == 'BOUGHT' %} +

{{item.status}}

+ {% else %} +

{{item.status}}

+ {% endif %} +
+
+ + + +
+
+ + + +
+
+
+
+
+ {% endfor %} +
+
+ +{% endblock content %} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/Django_Grocery_Lab2/templates/grocery_app/signin.html b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/Django_Grocery_Lab2/templates/grocery_app/signin.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..35ceaa78 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/Django_Grocery_Lab2/templates/grocery_app/signin.html @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +{% extends "base.html" %}{% load static %} {% block title %} Sign In {% endblock title %} + +{% block custom_head %} + +{% endblock custom_head %} + +{% block content %} + +
+
+ {% csrf_token %} + +

Please sign in

+ {% include 'partials/alerts.html' %} +
+ + +
+
+ + +
+ + +

New user? Sign up now

+
+
+ +{% endblock content %} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/Django_Grocery_Lab2/templates/grocery_app/signup.html b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/Django_Grocery_Lab2/templates/grocery_app/signup.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..eb09b2ed --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/Django_Grocery_Lab2/templates/grocery_app/signup.html @@ -0,0 +1,45 @@ +{% extends "base.html" %}{% load static %} {% block title %} Sign Up {% endblock title %} + +{% block custom_head %} + +{% endblock custom_head %} + +{% block content %} + +
+
+ {% csrf_token %} + +

Please sign up

+ {% include 'partials/alerts.html' %} +
+ + +
+
+ + +
+ + +

+ Already Registered? Sign in now +

+
+
+ +{% endblock content %} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/Django_Grocery_Lab2/templates/grocery_app/update.html b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/Django_Grocery_Lab2/templates/grocery_app/update.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a8993163 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/Django_Grocery_Lab2/templates/grocery_app/update.html @@ -0,0 +1,71 @@ +{% extends "base.html" %}{% load static %} + +{% block title %}Update bag{% endblock title %} + +{% block content %} + +
+

Update Grocery Bag

+
+ {% csrf_token %} +
+ + +
+
+ + +
+
+ + +
+
+ + +
+
+ +
+
+
+ + + +{% endblock content %} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/Django_Grocery_Lab2/urls.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/Django_Grocery_Lab2/urls.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f508f155 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/Django_Grocery_Lab2/urls.py @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +"""Django_Grocery_Lab2 URL Configuration + +The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see: + https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/http/urls/ +Examples: +Function views + 1. Add an import: from my_app import views + 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', views.home, name='home') +Class-based views + 1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home + 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', Home.as_view(), name='home') +Including another URLconf + 1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path + 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('blog/', include('blog.urls')) +""" +from django.contrib import admin +from django.urls import path, include +from django.conf import settings +from django.conf.urls.static import static + +urlpatterns = [ + path('admin/', admin.site.urls), + + path('grocery/', include('grocery_app.urls')), + + path ('accounts/', include('accounts.urls')) +] + +if settings.DEBUG: + urlpatterns += static(settings.STATIC_URL, + document_root=settings.STATIC_ROOT) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/Django_Grocery_Lab2/wsgi.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/Django_Grocery_Lab2/wsgi.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4e2b14d5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/Django_Grocery_Lab2/wsgi.py @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +""" +WSGI config for Django_Grocery_Lab2 project. + +It exposes the WSGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/deployment/wsgi/ +""" + +import os + +from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application + +os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'Django_Grocery_Lab2.settings') + +application = get_wsgi_application() diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/accounts/__init__.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/accounts/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/accounts/admin.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/accounts/admin.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8c38f3f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/accounts/admin.py @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +from django.contrib import admin + +# Register your models here. diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/accounts/apps.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/accounts/apps.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3e3c7659 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/accounts/apps.py @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +from django.apps import AppConfig + + +class AccountsConfig(AppConfig): + default_auto_field = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField' + name = 'accounts' diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/accounts/migrations/__init__.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/accounts/migrations/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/accounts/models.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/accounts/models.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..71a83623 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/accounts/models.py @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +from django.db import models + +# Create your models here. diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/accounts/tests.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/accounts/tests.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7ce503c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/accounts/tests.py @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +from django.test import TestCase + +# Create your tests here. diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/accounts/urls.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/accounts/urls.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..035a213c --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/accounts/urls.py @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +from django.urls import path + +from accounts.views import signin, signout, signup + +urlpatterns = [ + path('signup', signup, name='signup'), + path('signin', signin, name='signin'), + path('signout', signout, name='signout'), +] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/accounts/views.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/accounts/views.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ce3c7b53 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/accounts/views.py @@ -0,0 +1,57 @@ +from django.shortcuts import render +from django.shortcuts import render, redirect +from django.contrib import messages +from django.contrib.auth.models import User +from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, login, logout +from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required + + +# Create your views here. + +def signup(request): + if request.user.is_authenticated: + return redirect('index') + if request.method == 'POST': + username = request.POST.get('username') + password = request.POST.get('password') + if username and password: + try: + User.objects.get(username=username) + messages.error(request, 'User already exists') + except User.DoesNotExist: + User.objects.create_user(username=username, password=password) + messages.success(request, 'Signup success') + return redirect('signin') + else: + messages.error(request, "Username or Password is missing!") + return render(request, 'signup.html') + + +def signin(request): + if request.user.is_authenticated: + return redirect('index') + + redirect_url = request.GET.get('next') + if request.method == 'POST': + username = request.POST.get('username') + password = request.POST.get('password') + if username and password: + user = authenticate(username=username, password=password) + if user: + login(request, user) + if redirect_url: + return redirect(redirect_url) + return redirect('index') + else: + messages.error(request, 'Incorrect username or password!') + return redirect(f'/accounts/signin?next={redirect_url}') + messages.error(request, "Username or Password is missing!") + return render(request, 'signin.html') + + +@login_required +def signout(request): + logout(request) + messages.info(request, "Logged out!") + return redirect('signin') + diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/grocery_app/__init__.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/grocery_app/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/grocery_app/admin.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/grocery_app/admin.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..38c6329e --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/grocery_app/admin.py @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +from django.contrib import admin +from .models import Item + + +# Register your models here. + +@admin.register(Item) +class ItemAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): + list_display = ('id', 'name', 'status', 'quantity', 'date',) + ordering = ('-id',) + search_fields = ('name',) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/grocery_app/apps.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/grocery_app/apps.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4f79107f --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/grocery_app/apps.py @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +from django.apps import AppConfig + + +class grocery_appConfig(AppConfig): + default_auto_field = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField' + name = 'grocery_app' \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/grocery_app/migrations/0001_initial.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/grocery_app/migrations/0001_initial.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e3b3a757 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/grocery_app/migrations/0001_initial.py @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Generated by Django 4.0.3 on 2022-04-01 03:18 + +from django.db import migrations, models + + +class Migration(migrations.Migration): + + initial = True + + dependencies = [ + ] + + operations = [ + migrations.CreateModel( + name='Grocery_Model', + fields=[ + ('id', models.BigAutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')), + ('grocery_field', models.CharField(max_length=200)), + ], + ), + ] diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/grocery_app/migrations/0002_category_groceryitem_delete_grocery_model.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/grocery_app/migrations/0002_category_groceryitem_delete_grocery_model.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..979a4229 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/grocery_app/migrations/0002_category_groceryitem_delete_grocery_model.py @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +# Generated by Django 4.0.3 on 2022-04-12 02:51 + +from django.db import migrations, models +import django.db.models.deletion + + +class Migration(migrations.Migration): + + dependencies = [ + ('grocery_app', '0001_initial'), + ] + + operations = [ + migrations.CreateModel( + name='Category', + fields=[ + ('id', models.BigAutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')), + ('name', models.CharField(db_index=True, max_length=200)), + ('slug', models.SlugField(max_length=200, unique=True)), + ], + options={ + 'ordering': ('name',), + }, + ), + migrations.CreateModel( + name='GroceryItem', + fields=[ + ('id', models.BigAutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')), + ('name', models.CharField(db_index=True, max_length=200)), + ('slug', models.CharField(db_index=True, max_length=200)), + ('image', models.ImageField(blank=True, upload_to='groceryitems/%Y/%m/')), + ('description', models.TextField(blank=True)), + ('price', models.DecimalField(decimal_places=2, max_digits=10)), + ('available', models.BooleanField(default=True)), + ('created', models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)), + ('updated', models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)), + ('category', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, related_name='groceryitems', to='grocery_app.category')), + ], + options={ + 'ordering': ('name',), + }, + ), + migrations.DeleteModel( + name='Grocery_Model', + ), + ] diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/grocery_app/migrations/0003_item_remove_groceryitem_category_delete_category_and_more.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/grocery_app/migrations/0003_item_remove_groceryitem_category_delete_category_and_more.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..fe9f74f0 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/grocery_app/migrations/0003_item_remove_groceryitem_category_delete_category_and_more.py @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +# Generated by Django 4.0.3 on 2022-04-12 18:45 + +from django.conf import settings +from django.db import migrations, models +import django.db.models.deletion + + +class Migration(migrations.Migration): + + dependencies = [ + migrations.swappable_dependency(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL), + ('grocery_app', '0002_category_groceryitem_delete_grocery_model'), + ] + + operations = [ + migrations.CreateModel( + name='Item', + fields=[ + ('id', models.BigAutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')), + ('name', models.CharField(max_length=127)), + ('quantity', models.CharField(max_length=63)), + ('status', models.CharField(choices=[('BOUGHT', 'Bought'), ('PENDING', 'Pending'), ('NOT AVAILABLE', 'Not Available')], default='PENDING', max_length=15)), + ('date', models.DateField()), + ('updated_at', models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)), + ('created_at', models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)), + ('user', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)), + ], + ), + migrations.RemoveField( + model_name='groceryitem', + name='category', + ), + migrations.DeleteModel( + name='Category', + ), + migrations.DeleteModel( + name='GroceryItem', + ), + ] diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/grocery_app/migrations/__init__.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/grocery_app/migrations/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/grocery_app/models.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/grocery_app/models.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..52324d9b --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/grocery_app/models.py @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ + +from django.contrib.auth.models import User +from django.db import models + + +# Create your models here. + +STATUS_CHOICES = ( + ('BOUGHT', 'Bought'), + ('PENDING', 'Pending'), + ('NOT AVAILABLE', 'Not Available'), +) + + +class Item(models.Model): + name = models.CharField(max_length=127) + quantity = models.CharField(max_length=63) + status = models.CharField( + max_length=15, choices=STATUS_CHOICES, default='PENDING') + user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE) + date = models.DateField() + updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) + created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/grocery_app/tests.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/grocery_app/tests.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7ce503c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/grocery_app/tests.py @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +from django.test import TestCase + +# Create your tests here. diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/grocery_app/urls.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/grocery_app/urls.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7c2a2555 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/grocery_app/urls.py @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +from django.urls import path + +from grocery_app.views import add_item, delete_item, index, update_item + +urlpatterns = [ + path('', index, name='index'), + path('add-item', add_item, name='add-item'), + path('update-item/', update_item, name='update-item'), + path('delete-item/', delete_item, name='delete-item'), +] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/grocery_app/views.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/grocery_app/views.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f91458db --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/grocery_app/views.py @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ +from django.shortcuts import render, redirect +from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required +from django.contrib import messages +from .models import Item + + +# Create your views here. + +@login_required +def index(request): + date = request.GET.get('date') + if date: + items = Item.objects.filter(user=request.user, date=date).order_by('-id') + else: + items = Item.objects.filter(user=request.user).order_by('-id') + context = { + 'items': items + } + return render(request, "grocery_app/index.html", context) + + +@login_required +def add_item(request): + if request.method == "POST": + name = request.POST.get("name") + quantity = request.POST.get("quantity") + status = request.POST.get("status") + date = request.POST.get("date") + if name and quantity and status and date: + new_item = Item(name=name, quantity=quantity, + status=status, date=date, user=request.user) + new_item.save() + messages.success(request, 'Item added successfully!') + return redirect('index') + messages.error(request, "One or more field(s) is missing!") + return redirect('add-item') + return render(request, "add.html") + + +@login_required +def update_item(request, item_id): + item = Item.objects.get(id=item_id) + date = item.date.strftime("%d-%m-%Y") + if request.method == 'POST': + item.name = request.POST.get("name") + item.quantity = request.POST.get("quantity") + item.status = request.POST.get("status") + item.date = request.POST.get("date") + item.save() + messages.success(request, 'Item updated successfully!') + return redirect('index') + return render(request, "update.html", {'item': item, 'date': date}) + + +@login_required +def delete_item(request, item_id): + item = Item.objects.get(id=item_id) + item.delete() + messages.error(request, 'Item deleted successfully!') + return redirect('index') \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/manage.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/manage.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..07421f5c --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Grocery_Lab2/manage.py @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python +"""Django's command-line utility for administrative tasks.""" +import os +import sys + + +def main(): + """Run administrative tasks.""" + os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'Django_Grocery_Lab2.settings') + try: + from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line + except ImportError as exc: + raise ImportError( + "Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and " + "available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you " + "forget to activate a virtual environment?" + ) from exc + execute_from_command_line(sys.argv) + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + main() diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_Proj/__init__.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_Proj/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_Proj/asgi.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_Proj/asgi.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..68afb536 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_Proj/asgi.py @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +""" +ASGI config for Lab1_Proj project. + +It exposes the ASGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/deployment/asgi/ +""" + +import os + +from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application + +os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'Lab1_Proj.settings') + +application = get_asgi_application() diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_Proj/settings.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_Proj/settings.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0d437daf --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_Proj/settings.py @@ -0,0 +1,125 @@ +""" +Django settings for Lab1_Proj project. + +Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 4.0.3. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/settings/ + +For the full list of settings and their values, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/ +""" + +from pathlib import Path + +# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'. +BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent + + +# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production +# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/deployment/checklist/ + +# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret! +SECRET_KEY = 'django-insecure-l0eb^h!t49v^@9a%@yn1gyh+&v-i8i$dn0s5)fah%=2#k_@nhk' + +# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production! +DEBUG = True + +ALLOWED_HOSTS = [] + + +# Application definition + +INSTALLED_APPS = [ + 'django.contrib.admin', + 'django.contrib.auth', + 'django.contrib.contenttypes', + 'django.contrib.sessions', + 'django.contrib.messages', + 'django.contrib.staticfiles', + + 'Lab1_app', +] + +MIDDLEWARE = [ + 'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware', +] + +ROOT_URLCONF = 'Lab1_Proj.urls' + +TEMPLATES = [ + { + 'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates', + 'DIRS': [], + 'APP_DIRS': True, + 'OPTIONS': { + 'context_processors': [ + 'django.template.context_processors.debug', + 'django.template.context_processors.request', + 'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth', + 'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages', + ], + }, + }, +] + +WSGI_APPLICATION = 'Lab1_Proj.wsgi.application' + + +# Database +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#databases + +DATABASES = { + 'default': { + 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3', + 'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3', + } +} + + +# Password validation +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators + +AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [ + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator', + }, + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator', + }, + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator', + }, + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator', + }, +] + + +# Internationalization +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/i18n/ + +LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us' + +TIME_ZONE = 'America/Los_Angeles' + +USE_I18N = True + +USE_TZ = True + + +# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images) +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/static-files/ + +STATIC_URL = 'static/' + +# Default primary key field type +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#default-auto-field + +DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField' diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_Proj/urls.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_Proj/urls.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7f82335f --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_Proj/urls.py @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +"""Lab1_Proj URL Configuration + +The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see: + https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/http/urls/ +Examples: +Function views + 1. Add an import: from my_app import views + 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', views.home, name='home') +Class-based views + 1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home + 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', Home.as_view(), name='home') +Including another URLconf + 1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path + 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('blog/', include('blog.urls')) +""" +from xml.etree.ElementInclude import include +from django.contrib import admin +from django.urls import path, include + +urlpatterns = [ + path('admin/', admin.site.urls), + path('Lab1/', include('Lab1_app.urls')), +] diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_Proj/wsgi.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_Proj/wsgi.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1e546ea0 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_Proj/wsgi.py @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +""" +WSGI config for Lab1_Proj project. + +It exposes the WSGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/deployment/wsgi/ +""" + +import os + +from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application + +os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'Lab1_Proj.settings') + +application = get_wsgi_application() diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_app/__init__.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_app/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_app/admin.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_app/admin.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..fe463c95 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_app/admin.py @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +from django.contrib import admin +from .models import Lab1_Model + +admin.site.register(Lab1_Model) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_app/apps.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_app/apps.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2ab62ebb --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_app/apps.py @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +from django.apps import AppConfig + + +class Lab1AppConfig(AppConfig): + default_auto_field = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField' + name = 'Lab1_app' diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_app/migrations/0001_initial.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_app/migrations/0001_initial.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d67fa1de --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_app/migrations/0001_initial.py @@ -0,0 +1,21 @@ +# Generated by Django 4.0.3 on 2022-03-31 04:03 + +from django.db import migrations, models + + +class Migration(migrations.Migration): + + initial = True + + dependencies = [ + ] + + operations = [ + migrations.CreateModel( + name='Lab1_Model', + fields=[ + ('id', models.BigAutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')), + ('Lab1_field', models.CharField(max_length=100)), + ], + ), + ] diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_app/migrations/__init__.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_app/migrations/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_app/models.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_app/models.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..248fa6bd --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_app/models.py @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +from django.db import models + +# Create your models here. +class Lab1_Model(models.Model): + lab1_field = models.CharField(max_length=100) + + def __str__(self): + return self.lab1_field + diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_app/templates/Lab1/encrypt.html b/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_app/templates/Lab1/encrypt.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2e44b562 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_app/templates/Lab1/encrypt.html @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ + + + + + + + {{ message }} + + +

Encypted Messsage:

+

{{ user_string }}

+ Encrypt new message? + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_app/templates/Lab1/index.html b/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_app/templates/Lab1/index.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2171c960 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_app/templates/Lab1/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,35 @@ + + + + + + + Django_Lab1_ROT_CIPHER + {% comment %} + + {% endcomment %} + + + +

Welcome to ROT Cipher

+
+ {% csrf_token %} + {{form}} +

Enter your message to be encrypted below:

+
+ + + + +
+ +
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_app/tests.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_app/tests.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7ce503c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_app/tests.py @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +from django.test import TestCase + +# Create your tests here. diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_app/urls.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_app/urls.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..25bfb645 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_app/urls.py @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +from django.urls import path, include +from . import views + +app_name = 'Lab1_app' + +urlpatterns = [ + #8000/Lab1/Lab1_view + path('Lab1_view/', views.Lab1_view, name='Lab1_view'), + + #8000/Lab1/rot13 results/ + path('rot13/', views.rot13, name='rot13') +] diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_app/views.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_app/views.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..cdc4b19a --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/Lab1_app/views.py @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ +from multiprocessing import context +from django.shortcuts import render, reverse +from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect +from .models import Lab1_Model + +# # Create your views here. + +# def index(request): +# return render(request, 'Lab1/index.html') + + + +def Lab1_view(request): + Lab1_instances = Lab1_Model.objects.all() + context = { + 'Lab1_instances': Lab1_instances + } + return render(request, 'Lab1\index.html', context) + +def rot13(request): + import string + user_data = request.POST['blog'] + # lab1model = Lab1_Model + # lab1model.save() + alphabet = string.ascii_lowercase + user_string = '' + for i in user_data: + if i in alphabet: + if alphabet.index(i) < 13: + user_string += alphabet[alphabet.index(i) + 13] + else: user_string += alphabet[alphabet.index(i) - 13] + print(user_data) + return render(request, 'Lab1/encrypt.html', {'user_string':user_string}) diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/manage.py b/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/manage.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..372d7fd8 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Django_Redo_Lab1/Lab1_Proj/manage.py @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python +"""Django's command-line utility for administrative tasks.""" +import os +import sys + + +def main(): + """Run administrative tasks.""" + os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'Lab1_Proj.settings') + try: + from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line + except ImportError as exc: + raise ImportError( + "Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and " + "available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you " + "forget to activate a virtual environment?" + ) from exc + execute_from_command_line(sys.argv) + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + main() diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Flask/app.py b/Code/johnathan/Flask/app.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ffdb48fb --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Flask/app.py @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +from flask import Flask + +app = Flask(__name__) + + + +#localhost:5000/ +@app.route('/') +def index (): + return 'Hello World' +@app.route('/about') +def about(): + return 'This is the about page!' + +if _name__ == "__main__": + app.run(debug=True) diff --git a/Code/johnathan/HTML/Flask/Flask_Lab6_ROTCIPHER/Templates/Lab6_Flask_index.html b/Code/johnathan/HTML/Flask/Flask_Lab6_ROTCIPHER/Templates/Lab6_Flask_index.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ede8a698 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/HTML/Flask/Flask_Lab6_ROTCIPHER/Templates/Lab6_Flask_index.html @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ + + + + + + + Flask_Lab6_ROT_CIPHER + + + + +

Welcome to ROT Cipher

+
+

Enter your message to be encrypted below:

+
+ + + + +
+ +
+ + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/HTML/Flask/Flask_Lab6_ROTCIPHER/Templates/encrypt.html b/Code/johnathan/HTML/Flask/Flask_Lab6_ROTCIPHER/Templates/encrypt.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..65ca0303 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/HTML/Flask/Flask_Lab6_ROTCIPHER/Templates/encrypt.html @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ + + + + + + + {{ message }} + + +

Encypted Messsage:

+

{{ user_string }}

+ Encrypt new message? + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/HTML/Flask/Flask_Lab6_ROTCIPHER/app.py b/Code/johnathan/HTML/Flask/Flask_Lab6_ROTCIPHER/app.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e00dc394 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/HTML/Flask/Flask_Lab6_ROTCIPHER/app.py @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +from flask import Flask, render_template, request +import string + +app = Flask(__name__) + + + + +@app.route('/') +def index (): + return render_template('Lab6_Flask_index.html') + +@app.route('/ciper_text', methods=['POST']) + +def rot13 (): + result = request.form + user_data = result['blog'] + alphabet = string.ascii_lowercase + # message = {'Lab6_Flask_index.html'} + user_string = '' + for i in user_data: + if i in alphabet: + if alphabet.index(i) < 13: + user_string += alphabet[alphabet.index(i) + 13] + else: user_string += alphabet[alphabet.index(i) - 13] + return render_template('encrypt.html', user_string=user_string) + +# print(rot13(message)) +# print(result) + + + + + + +# @app.route('/about') +# def about(): +# return render_template('about.html') + + diff --git a/Code/johnathan/HTML/Flask/Static/style.css b/Code/johnathan/HTML/Flask/Static/style.css new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/Code/johnathan/HTML/Flask/Templates/about.html b/Code/johnathan/HTML/Flask/Templates/about.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..63b10311 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/HTML/Flask/Templates/about.html @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ + + + + + + + About + + +

About Page

+ Home + Contact + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/HTML/Flask/Templates/check_grade.html b/Code/johnathan/HTML/Flask/Templates/check_grade.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3b40d922 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/HTML/Flask/Templates/check_grade.html @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ + + + + + + + Grade Checker + + +

Grade Checker

+ {% if grade >=90 %]} +

You got an A

+ {% elif grade >=80 %} + You got a B + {% elif grade >=70 %} + You got a C + {% elif grade >=60 %} + You got a D + {% else %} + You got a F + {% endif %} + + + diff --git a/Code/johnathan/HTML/Flask/Templates/contact.html b/Code/johnathan/HTML/Flask/Templates/contact.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..15d496fd --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/HTML/Flask/Templates/contact.html @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ + + + + + + + Document + + +

Contact

+ About + Contact + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/HTML/Flask/Templates/index.html b/Code/johnathan/HTML/Flask/Templates/index.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..92412c84 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/HTML/Flask/Templates/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ + + + + + + + Flask + + + +

Welcome to my Flask

+

Hello {{name}}

+ About + Contact + +
+ + +
+ + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/HTML/Flask/app.py b/Code/johnathan/HTML/Flask/app.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2b247eb4 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/HTML/Flask/app.py @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +from flask import Flask, render_template + +app = Flask(__name__) + + + +#localhost:5000/ +@app.route('/') +def index (): + name="Bill" + return render_template('index.html', name=name,) + +@app.route('/about') +def about(): + return render_template('about.html') + +@app.route("/contact") +def contact(): + return render_template('contact.html') + +@app.route('/check-grade/') +def check_grade(grade): + return render_template('check-grade.html', grade=grade) + +@app.route('/llama', methods=['POST']) +def display_name(): + name = request.form['username'] + return render_template('contact.html', name=name) + + +# if __name__ == "__main__": +# app.run(debug=True) diff --git a/Code/johnathan/HTML/Flask/flask_install.md b/Code/johnathan/HTML/Flask/flask_install.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/Code/johnathan/HTML/HTML_CSS/forms_demo.html b/Code/johnathan/HTML/HTML_CSS/forms_demo.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..833e0907 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/HTML/HTML_CSS/forms_demo.html @@ -0,0 +1,60 @@ + + + + + + + HTML Forms Sample + + +
+ + + +
+ + +
+ + +
+ + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + +
+ + + +
+ + + + + +
+ + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/HTML/HTML_CSS/lab1.css b/Code/johnathan/HTML/HTML_CSS/lab1.css new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8bbab5e6 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/HTML/HTML_CSS/lab1.css @@ -0,0 +1,46 @@ +/* - Center the entire content of the body */ +h1 { + text-align: center; + font-family: "times new roman"; + text-emphasis-style: ""; +} + +.pretag { + font-size: larger; +} +/* - Change the bullet points on the list of places. --> */ +h3 { + list-style-type: "circle"; +} + +/* - Add a background image */ +body { + background-image: url("https://wallpaperset.com/w/full/7/9/b/18243.jpg"); + background-size: auto; + color: whitesmoke; + font-family: "Times New Roman"; + padding-top: 50px; + padding-right: 30px; + padding-bottom: 50px; + padding-left: 80px; +} +/* - Add a rounded border to the picture. */ +img { + border-radius: 100px; + display: block; + width: 200px; + text-align: right; + margin: 0 auto; + /* x-offset, y-offset, blur radius, spread, color */ + box-shadow: 4px 4px 4px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.291); +} +/* - Pick a color scheme and modify the background, body text, and link text color. */ +.center-link { + display: block; + text-align: center; + margin-bottom: 16px; +} + +a { + color: orange; +} diff --git a/Code/johnathan/HTML/HTML_CSS/lab1.html b/Code/johnathan/HTML/HTML_CSS/lab1.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8a8b58d8 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/HTML/HTML_CSS/lab1.html @@ -0,0 +1,73 @@ + + + + + + + Tyrion Lannister + + + + + +
+

Tyrion Lannister Bio

+ + +

Lord Tyrion Lannister, also known by the nicknames the Halfman or the Imp and + the alias Hugor Hill, is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series + of epic fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television + adaptation Game of Thrones, where he is portrayed by American actor Peter Dinklage. + Introduced in A Game of Thrones (1996), Tyrion is a prominent point of view character + in the series, having the most viewpoint chapters in the first five published novels. + He is one of a few prominent characters not included in A Feast for Crows (2005) but + returned in A Dance with Dragons (2011), and is confirmed to appear in the forthcoming + sixth novel The Winds of Winter. Tyrion developed from a character concept Martin + had while writing the 1981 novel Windhaven. He is Martin's favorite character in the + series. + + Checkout the Tyrion_Bio for more info. +

+ + + +

+ + 
  " That’s what I do. I drink, and I know things. "
+ + + Halfman +

+ +

+ + Places lived: +
    +
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    • +
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+ Travel Booking's © 2022 Copyright Text +
+
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/HTML/HTML_CSS/lab3_style.css b/Code/johnathan/HTML/HTML_CSS/lab3_style.css new file mode 100644 index 00000000..53a9ae51 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/HTML/HTML_CSS/lab3_style.css @@ -0,0 +1,32 @@ +body { + background-color: aqua; + display: flex; + flex-direction: column; + justify-content: space-between; + min-height: 100vh; + } + +.nav-wrapper {background-color: darkred;} + +.footer-copyrightn { + display: flex; + min-height: 100vh; + flex-direction: column;} + +.row {justify-content: baseline; +flex-direction: column; +} + +footer.page-footer {background-color: aliceblue;} + +@media screen and (min-width: 768px) { + .links { + flex-direction: row; + justify-content: space-evenly; + } +} + +@media screen and (min-width: 1440px) { + header { + display: flex; + justify-content: space-between;}} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/HTML/HTML_CSS/lab5.html b/Code/johnathan/HTML/HTML_CSS/lab5.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5ad4d500 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/HTML/HTML_CSS/lab5.html @@ -0,0 +1,272 @@ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + +
+ +
+ +

Burrito Menu

+ +
+
+ The Vegan-ito + + + +
Burrito Description: Lorem ipsum, dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Voluptatem, eaque?
+
+ +
+
+ Tex Mex + + + +
Burrito Description: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Facere, inventore.
+
+ +
+
+ Chicken Chile + + + +
Burrito Description: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur, adipisicing elit. Delectus, possimus. +
+
+ +
+ +
+ + + +
+
+
+ + +

Modify your order below:

+
+ + + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + +
+ +
+ + + + + + + +
+ +
+ + + + + + + +
+ + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + +
+ + + + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/HTML/HTML_CSS/responsive_design.html b/Code/johnathan/HTML/HTML_CSS/responsive_design.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..be5193d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/HTML/HTML_CSS/responsive_design.html @@ -0,0 +1,80 @@ + + + + + + + Responsive Design + + + +
+

Class Kiwi

+
+ Home + About + Market Place + Login +
+
+
+ +
+
+
+

Title 1

+

+ Lorem, ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Nihil earum + rerum porro ducimus, rem dolorum, nisi qui possimus, assumenda + quisquam ipsum aliquam nostrum velit exercitationem harum similique. + Dolorem, nostrum sequi. +

+
+
+

Title 2

+

+ Architecto corrupti, veritatis ullam facilis odit nihil, deleniti + soluta accusantium, corporis iste dolore! A itaque deleniti + dignissimos cum, consequuntur natus aliquam nemo ex aut non obcaecati + ipsum perferendis reiciendis exercitationem. +

+
+
+

Title 3

+

+ Pariatur voluptas ratione illo asperiores ad, non fugiat. Harum, saepe + veniam. Facere provident reiciendis odit aliquam repudiandae eligendi. + Ipsa suscipit delectus deleniti officiis quod deserunt asperiores + blanditiis amet corrupti quaerat! +

+
+
+

Title 4

+

+ Culpa quisquam, eos sapiente, aliquid fuga dolorem repudiandae totam, + in molestias iste itaque ipsa! Quod adipisci possimus, natus sunt rem + voluptate odio obcaecati sit nihil suscipit nam harum. Nostrum, rerum. +

+
+
+

Title 5

+

+ Qui odio aspernatur vero voluptatum, similique minus blanditiis et + cupiditate autem quia atque expedita, ducimus sequi, non vel totam ab. + Libero cumque eos assumenda dolorem officia, expedita sint dolorum + itaque! +

+
+
+

Title 6

+

+ Deserunt perspiciatis excepturi ipsum consequatur aperiam quod veniam + distinctio doloribus. Velit, dignissimos sapiente error qui fugit, + ipsam ipsa cupiditate, illum eos expedita odio nesciunt omnis tenetur. + Officiis molestias aliquam quos! +

+
+
+
©2022 Class Kiwi
+ + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/HTML/HTML_CSS/styles_rd.css b/Code/johnathan/HTML/HTML_CSS/styles_rd.css new file mode 100644 index 00000000..31204260 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/HTML/HTML_CSS/styles_rd.css @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +body { + font-size: 24px; + display: flex; + flex-direction: column; + justify-content: center; +} + +body > * { + border: 2px solid red; + margin: 4px; +} +img { + width: 100%; +} +h1 { + text-align: center; +} + +.links { + display: flex; + flex-direction: column; +} + +.links > a { + border: 1px solid black; + background-color: deepskyblue; + margin: 0.5rem 0.25em; + box-shadow: inset 0 0 8px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.438); + padding: 0.25em 0; + text-align: center; + text-decoration: none; +} + +img { + width: 80%; + height: 100%; +} + +@media screen and (min-width: 768px) { + .links { + flex-direction: row; + justify-content: space-evenly; + } +} + +@media screen and (min-width: 1440px) { + header { + display: flex; + justify-content: space-between; + } +} diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Java_API/app.js b/Code/johnathan/Java_API/app.js new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a6c7c022 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Java_API/app.js @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +//console log fetech request +//console.log(fetch('http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1')) + +//console log the response +// // step 1 +// fetch('http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1')// actual request -- manage promise +// .then(function(response){ +// console.log(response) +// }) + +// fetch request returns successful data chain on the then method +// Promise() --> pending, accepted, rejected +// .then() --> successful/accepted +//.catch() --> error/rejected + +// step 2 +// fetch('http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1')// actual request +// .then(function(response){ +// // console.log(response) +// return response.json()// converted to json object -- format that javascript can work with: // key/value ---? +// }) +// .then(function(data){ +// console.log(data) +// console.log(data.title) +// console.log(data.id) +// }) + + + +// // ************** POST REQUEST */ +// const blogPost ={ +// title: "Kiwi Post", +// body: "Class Kiwi 2022", +// UserId: 1 +// } + +// fetch('http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1', { +// method: "POST", +// header: { +// "Content-Type": "application/json" +// }, +// body: JSON.stringify(blogPost) +// }) +// .then(function(response){ +// return response.json() +// }) +// .then(function(data){ +// console.log(data) + +// }) + +// //manage bad request to api +// fetch('http://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1') +// .then(function(response){ //response.ok // 200 - 299 range +// if(!response.ok) +// return new Error ('Bad Requests') +// return new Error(response.status) +// }) +// .then(function(data){ +// console.log(data) +// }) +// .catch(function(error){ +// console.log(error.error) +// }) + +// //pending, accept, reject + + + + +// Approach A +setTimeout(logmessage, 2000) +function logmessage(){ + console.log('You Get a Car!') +} + +// Approach B +setTimeout(function(){}) + + +let couinter = 0 +setInterval(changeTime, 500) + +function changeTime(){ + counter +=1 //++ + console.log(counter) +} + +//increment seconds by every second +let seconds = 0 +setInterval(function(){ + //selector + const currentCount +}) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Java_API/index.html b/Code/johnathan/Java_API/index.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f48ea59d --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Java_API/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ + + + + + + + API + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Java_Intro2/app.js b/Code/johnathan/Java_Intro2/app.js new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b12b6b40 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Java_Intro2/app.js @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +var user +user = "Lisa" +console.log(user) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/Java_Intro2/index.html b/Code/johnathan/Java_Intro2/index.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c79f0d1f --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/Java_Intro2/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ + + + + + + + Js Day 2 + + + +

Good evening class Kiwi

+ + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_app/__init__.py b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_app/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_app/admin.py b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_app/admin.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8c38f3f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_app/admin.py @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +from django.contrib import admin + +# Register your models here. diff --git a/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_app/apps.py b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_app/apps.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..90d811d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_app/apps.py @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +from django.apps import AppConfig + + +class BlogAppConfig(AppConfig): + default_auto_field = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField' + name = 'blog_app' diff --git a/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_app/forms.py b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_app/forms.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..aeec39e8 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_app/forms.py @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +from django import forms + +class NewSignupForm(forms.Form): + username = forms.CharField(label= 'Username', max_length = 20) + password = forms.CharField(widget=forms.PasswordInput, label='Password', max_length=10) + first_name = forms.CharField(label='First Name', max_length = 20) + last_name = forms.CharField(label='Last Name', max_length = 20) + email = forms.EmailField(label = 'Email') + +class NewLoginForm(forms.Form): + username = forms.CharField(label='Username', max_length=20) + password = forms.CharField(widget=forms.PasswordInput, label='Password', max_length=10) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_app/migrations/__init__.py b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_app/migrations/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_app/models.py b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_app/models.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..71a83623 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_app/models.py @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +from django.db import models + +# Create your models here. diff --git a/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_app/templates/blog_app/login.html b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_app/templates/blog_app/login.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a9643e92 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_app/templates/blog_app/login.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + + + Login + + + + {% csrf_token %} + {{form}} + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_app/templates/blog_app/profile.html b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_app/templates/blog_app/profile.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2aa304c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_app/templates/blog_app/profile.html @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ + + + + + + + {{request.user}} + + +

Welcome {{request.user}}

+ Logout + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_app/templates/blog_app/signup.html b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_app/templates/blog_app/signup.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..411357a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_app/templates/blog_app/signup.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + + + Signup + + +
+ {% csrf_token %} + {{form}} + + +
+ + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_app/tests.py b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_app/tests.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7ce503c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_app/tests.py @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +from django.test import TestCase + +# Create your tests here. diff --git a/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_app/urls.py b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_app/urls.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c2a123b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_app/urls.py @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ + +from django.urls import path +from .import views + +urlpatterns = [ + + path ('signup/', views.signup, name='signup'), + + path ('login/', views.user_login, name='login'), + + path ('profile/', views.profile, name='profile'), + + path ('logout/', views.user_logout, name='logout') + +] diff --git a/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_app/views.py b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_app/views.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d0cfdb7a --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_app/views.py @@ -0,0 +1,53 @@ +from django.shortcuts import render +from .forms import * +from django.contrib.auth.models import User +from django.urls import reverse +from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect +from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, login, logout + +# Create your views here. +def signup(request): + if request.method == 'GET': + form = NewSignupForm() + form = NewSignupForm() + return render(request, 'blog_app/signup.html', { + 'form': form + }) + + elif request.method == 'POST': + form = NewSignupForm(request.POST) + if form.is_valid(): + user = User.objects.create_user( + username = form.cleaned_data['username'], + first_name = form.cleaned_data['first_name'], + last_name = form.cleaned_data['last_name'], + email = form.cleaned_data['email'], + password = form.cleaned_data['password'], + ) + + return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('signup')) + +def user_login(request): + if request.method == 'GET': + return render(request, 'blog_app/login.html', { + 'form': NewLoginForm() + }) + elif request.method == "POST": + form = NewLoginForm(request.POST) + if form.is_valid(): + password = form.cleaned_data['password'] + user = authenticate(request, username=form.cleaned_data['username'], password = password) + if user is None: + login(request, user) + return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('profile')) + else: + form.add_error('username', 'Invalid Credential') + return render(request, 'blog_app/login.html', { + 'form': form + }) +def profile(request): + return render(request, 'blog_app\profile.html') + +def user_logout(request): + logout(request) + return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('login')) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_proj/__init__.py b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_proj/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_proj/asgi.py b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_proj/asgi.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..740a6d46 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_proj/asgi.py @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +""" +ASGI config for blog_proj project. + +It exposes the ASGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/deployment/asgi/ +""" + +import os + +from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application + +os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'blog_proj.settings') + +application = get_asgi_application() diff --git a/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_proj/settings.py b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_proj/settings.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d45b8e7a --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_proj/settings.py @@ -0,0 +1,126 @@ +""" +Django settings for blog_proj project. + +Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 4.0.3. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/settings/ + +For the full list of settings and their values, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/ +""" + +from pathlib import Path + +# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'. +BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent + + +# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production +# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/deployment/checklist/ + +# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret! +SECRET_KEY = 'django-insecure-^=cpvcm7lk@16#)*-wn2n)9scf%9gj(n9ms5ss+5!65p$^17ku' + +# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production! +DEBUG = True + +ALLOWED_HOSTS = [] + + +# Application definition + +INSTALLED_APPS = [ + 'django.contrib.admin', + 'django.contrib.auth', + 'django.contrib.contenttypes', + 'django.contrib.sessions', + 'django.contrib.messages', + 'django.contrib.staticfiles', + 'blog_app', + 'messages_app' + +] + +MIDDLEWARE = [ + 'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware', +] + +ROOT_URLCONF = 'blog_proj.urls' + +TEMPLATES = [ + { + 'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates', + 'DIRS': [], + 'APP_DIRS': True, + 'OPTIONS': { + 'context_processors': [ + 'django.template.context_processors.debug', + 'django.template.context_processors.request', + 'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth', + 'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages', + ], + }, + }, +] + +WSGI_APPLICATION = 'blog_proj.wsgi.application' + + +# Database +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#databases + +DATABASES = { + 'default': { + 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3', + 'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3', + } +} + + +# Password validation +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators + +AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [ + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator', + }, + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator', + }, + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator', + }, + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator', + }, +] + + +# Internationalization +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/i18n/ + +LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us' + +TIME_ZONE = 'UTC' + +USE_I18N = True + +USE_TZ = True + + +# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images) +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/static-files/ + +STATIC_URL = 'static/' + +# Default primary key field type +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#default-auto-field + +DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField' diff --git a/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_proj/urls.py b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_proj/urls.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3b798795 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_proj/urls.py @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +"""blog_proj URL Configuration + +The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see: + https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/http/urls/ +Examples: +Function views + 1. Add an import: from my_app import views + 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', views.home, name='home') +Class-based views + 1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home + 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', Home.as_view(), name='home') +Including another URLconf + 1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path + 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('blog/', include('blog.urls')) +""" +from django.contrib import admin +from django.urls import path, include + +urlpatterns = [ + path('admin/', admin.site.urls), + path ('blog/', include('blog_app.urls')), + path ('', include('messages_app.urls')), + +] diff --git a/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_proj/wsgi.py b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_proj/wsgi.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..86ed6ae8 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/blog_proj/wsgi.py @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +""" +WSGI config for blog_proj project. + +It exposes the WSGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/deployment/wsgi/ +""" + +import os + +from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application + +os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'blog_proj.settings') + +application = get_wsgi_application() diff --git a/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/manage.py b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/manage.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..aac5dde4 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/manage.py @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python +"""Django's command-line utility for administrative tasks.""" +import os +import sys + + +def main(): + """Run administrative tasks.""" + os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'blog_proj.settings') + try: + from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line + except ImportError as exc: + raise ImportError( + "Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and " + "available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you " + "forget to activate a virtual environment?" + ) from exc + execute_from_command_line(sys.argv) + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + main() diff --git a/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/messages_app/__init__.py b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/messages_app/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/messages_app/admin.py b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/messages_app/admin.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..83eba02c --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/messages_app/admin.py @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +from django.contrib import admin +from .models import * + +# Register your models here. + +admin.site.register(Posts) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/messages_app/apps.py b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/messages_app/apps.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e44dcdbc --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/messages_app/apps.py @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +from django.apps import AppConfig + + +class MessagesAppConfig(AppConfig): + default_auto_field = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField' + name = 'messages_app' diff --git a/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/messages_app/forms.py b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/messages_app/forms.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7c96915c --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/messages_app/forms.py @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +from django import forms + +class NewPostform(forms.Form): + text = forms.CharField(label='Posts', max_length=120) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/messages_app/migrations/0001_initial.py b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/messages_app/migrations/0001_initial.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..bcde39ac --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/messages_app/migrations/0001_initial.py @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +# Generated by Django 4.0.3 on 2022-04-28 03:06 + +from django.conf import settings +from django.db import migrations, models +import django.db.models.deletion + + +class Migration(migrations.Migration): + + initial = True + + dependencies = [ + migrations.swappable_dependency(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL), + ] + + operations = [ + migrations.CreateModel( + name='Posts', + fields=[ + ('id', models.BigAutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')), + ('text', models.CharField(max_length=120)), + ('likes', models.IntegerField(default=0)), + ('dislikes', models.IntegerField(default=1)), + ('published_date', models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)), + ('user', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, related_name='posts', to=settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL)), + ], + ), + ] diff --git a/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/messages_app/migrations/__init__.py b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/messages_app/migrations/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/messages_app/models.py b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/messages_app/models.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2a6afec4 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/messages_app/models.py @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +from django.db import models +from django.contrib.auth.models import User + +# Create your models here. + +class Posts(models.Model): + text = models.CharField(max_length=120) + user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='posts') + likes = models.IntegerField(default=0) + dislikes = models.IntegerField(default=1) + published_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) + + def __str__(self): + return f'{self.user}: {self.text[:15]} {self.published_date.year}/{self.published_date.month}/{self.published_date.day},' \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/messages_app/templates/messages_app/index.html b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/messages_app/templates/messages_app/index.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b35926bc --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/messages_app/templates/messages_app/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,27 @@ + + + + + + + Welcome + + +

Class Kiwi Blog

+
+ {% csrf_token %} + {{form}} + +
+ + {% for post in posts %} +
+

{{posts.text}}

+
{posts.user}
+

👍 Likes: {{posts.likes}} 👎 Dislikes:{{posts.dislikes}}

+

{{posts.published_date}}

+
+ + {% endfor %} + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/messages_app/tests.py b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/messages_app/tests.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7ce503c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/messages_app/tests.py @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +from django.test import TestCase + +# Create your tests here. diff --git a/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/messages_app/urls.py b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/messages_app/urls.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4b867f87 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/messages_app/urls.py @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +from django.urls import path +from .import views + +urlpatterns = [ + path ('', views.index, name='index'), + path ('new/', views.index, name='new_posts'), + +] diff --git a/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/messages_app/views.py b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/messages_app/views.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..4a3a2252 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/blog_proj/messages_app/views.py @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +from django.shortcuts import render +from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect +from django.http import reverse + +from .models import Posts +# Create your views here. + +def index(request): + posts = Posts.objects.all().order_by('-published_date')[:20] + + return render(request, 'messages_app/index.html', { + 'posts': posts, + 'forms': NewPostsForm() + }) + +def new_posts(request): + if request.method == 'POST': + form = NewPostForm(request.POST) + if form.is_valid(): + posts= Posts() + posts.user = request.user + posts.text = form.cleaned_data['text'] + posts.save() + return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('index')) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/grocery_proj/__init__.py b/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/grocery_proj/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/grocery_proj/asgi.py b/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/grocery_proj/asgi.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9012ee82 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/grocery_proj/asgi.py @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +""" +ASGI config for grocery_proj project. + +It exposes the ASGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/deployment/asgi/ +""" + +import os + +from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application + +os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'grocery_proj.settings') + +application = get_asgi_application() diff --git a/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/grocery_proj/settings.py b/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/grocery_proj/settings.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3070d84e --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/grocery_proj/settings.py @@ -0,0 +1,124 @@ +""" +Django settings for grocery_proj project. + +Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 4.0.3. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/settings/ + +For the full list of settings and their values, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/ +""" + +from pathlib import Path + +# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'. +BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent + + +# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production +# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/deployment/checklist/ + +# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret! +SECRET_KEY = 'django-insecure-)geza_)b9!&oj86ho-acyv+07077+hpkp@(-q=--g-kv2-^nxk' + +# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production! +DEBUG = True + +ALLOWED_HOSTS = [] + + +# Application definition + +INSTALLED_APPS = [ + 'django.contrib.admin', + 'django.contrib.auth', + 'django.contrib.contenttypes', + 'django.contrib.sessions', + 'django.contrib.messages', + 'django.contrib.staticfiles', + 'groceryapp' +] + +MIDDLEWARE = [ + 'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware', +] + +ROOT_URLCONF = 'grocery_proj.urls' + +TEMPLATES = [ + { + 'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates', + 'DIRS': [], + 'APP_DIRS': True, + 'OPTIONS': { + 'context_processors': [ + 'django.template.context_processors.debug', + 'django.template.context_processors.request', + 'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth', + 'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages', + ], + }, + }, +] + +WSGI_APPLICATION = 'grocery_proj.wsgi.application' + + +# Database +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#databases + +DATABASES = { + 'default': { + 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3', + 'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3', + } +} + + +# Password validation +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators + +AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [ + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator', + }, + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator', + }, + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator', + }, + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator', + }, +] + + +# Internationalization +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/i18n/ + +LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us' + +TIME_ZONE = 'UTC' + +USE_I18N = True + +USE_TZ = True + + +# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images) +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/static-files/ + +STATIC_URL = 'static/' + +# Default primary key field type +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#default-auto-field + +DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField' diff --git a/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/grocery_proj/urls.py b/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/grocery_proj/urls.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..eae274cc --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/grocery_proj/urls.py @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +"""grocery_proj URL Configuration + +The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see: + https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/http/urls/ +Examples: +Function views + 1. Add an import: from my_app import views + 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', views.home, name='home') +Class-based views + 1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home + 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', Home.as_view(), name='home') +Including another URLconf + 1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path + 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('blog/', include('blog.urls')) +""" +from django.contrib import admin +from django.urls import path, include + +urlpatterns = [ + path('admin/', admin.site.urls), + path ("groceryapp", include("groceryapp.urls")) +] diff --git a/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/grocery_proj/wsgi.py b/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/grocery_proj/wsgi.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..567bce68 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/grocery_proj/wsgi.py @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +""" +WSGI config for grocery_proj project. + +It exposes the WSGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/deployment/wsgi/ +""" + +import os + +from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application + +os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'grocery_proj.settings') + +application = get_wsgi_application() diff --git a/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/groceryapp/__init__.py b/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/groceryapp/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/groceryapp/admin.py b/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/groceryapp/admin.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..14b0cc69 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/groceryapp/admin.py @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +from django.contrib import admin +from .models import * +# Register your models here. + + +admin.site.register(Department) +admin.site.register(GroceryItem) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/groceryapp/apps.py b/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/groceryapp/apps.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d0183a84 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/groceryapp/apps.py @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +from django.apps import AppConfig + + +class GroceryAppConfig(AppConfig): + default_auto_field = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField' + name = 'groceryapp' diff --git a/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/groceryapp/migrations/0001_initial.py b/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/groceryapp/migrations/0001_initial.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f76863f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/groceryapp/migrations/0001_initial.py @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ +# Generated by Django 4.0.3 on 2022-04-13 01:32 + +from django.db import migrations, models +import django.db.models.deletion + + +class Migration(migrations.Migration): + + initial = True + + dependencies = [ + ] + + operations = [ + migrations.CreateModel( + name='Department', + fields=[ + ('id', models.BigAutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')), + ('name', models.CharField(max_length=20)), + ], + ), + migrations.CreateModel( + name='GroceryItem', + fields=[ + ('id', models.BigAutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')), + ('item', models.CharField(max_length=40)), + ('completed', models.BooleanField(default=False)), + ('Department', models.ForeignKey(blank=True, null=True, on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, related_name='items', to='groceryapp.department')), + ], + ), + ] diff --git a/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/groceryapp/migrations/__init__.py b/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/groceryapp/migrations/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/groceryapp/models.py b/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/groceryapp/models.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..58bf712b --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/groceryapp/models.py @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +from django.db import models + +# Create your models here. + +class Department(models.Model): + name = models.CharField(max_length=20) + + def __str__(self): + return f'{self.name}' +class GroceryItem(models.Model): + item = models.CharField(max_length=40) + completed = models.BooleanField(default=False) + Department = models.ForeignKey(Department, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name= 'items', null=True, blank=True) + + #empty fields to manage empty value in a database; value on a form can be blank + + def __str__ (self): + return f'{self.item} -- {self.completed}' \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/groceryapp/templates/groceryapp/index.html b/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/groceryapp/templates/groceryapp/index.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1684f94c --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/groceryapp/templates/groceryapp/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ + + + + + Grocery List + + +

Grocery List

+
+ {% csrf_token %} + + + + {% for item in grocery_list %} +
{{item}}
+ {%endfor%} + + {% for department in departments %} +
+

{{department.name}}

+ +
+ + +
+ + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/groceryapp/tests.py b/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/groceryapp/tests.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7ce503c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/groceryapp/tests.py @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +from django.test import TestCase + +# Create your tests here. diff --git a/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/groceryapp/urls.py b/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/groceryapp/urls.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8e6ca90f --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/groceryapp/urls.py @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +from django.urls import path +from .import views + +app_name = "grocery_list" + +urlpatterns=[ + path("",views.index,name="index"), + + path("add_item",views.add_item,name="add"), + + path("buy//",views.buy_item, name="buy"), + path("delete//",views.delete_item, name="delete") + +] diff --git a/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/groceryapp/views.py b/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/groceryapp/views.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ed6db37a --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/groceryapp/views.py @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ + +from django.shortcuts import render +from .models import * +from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect +from django.urls import reverse + + +def index(request): + grocery_list = GroceryItem.objects.all().orderby('department') + departments = Department.objects.all().order_by('name') + + return render(request,"groceryapp/index.html", { + 'grocery_list': grocery_list, + 'departments': departments + }) + +def add_item(request): + item_text = request.POST['item'] + department_id = request.POST['department'] + new_item = GroceryItem() + new_item.item = item_text + if department_id: + department = Department.objects.get(id=department_id) + new_item.department = department + + new_item.save() + return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('grocery_list: index')) + +def buy_item(request, item_id): + grocery_item = GroceryItem.objects.get(id=item_id) + grocery_item.completed = not grocery_item.completed + grocery_item.save() + return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('grocery_list:index')) + +def delete_item(request, item_id): + grocery_item = GroceryItem.objects.get(id=item_id) + grocery_item.delete() + return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('grocery_list:index')) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/manage.py b/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/manage.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f97e4e6d --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/grocery_proj/manage.py @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python +"""Django's command-line utility for administrative tasks.""" +import os +import sys + + +def main(): + """Run administrative tasks.""" + os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'grocery_proj.settings') + try: + from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line + except ImportError as exc: + raise ImportError( + "Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and " + "available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you " + "forget to activate a virtual environment?" + ) from exc + execute_from_command_line(sys.argv) + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + main() diff --git a/Code/johnathan/java_lab2_todo/app.js b/Code/johnathan/java_lab2_todo/app.js new file mode 100644 index 00000000..92c1be31 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/java_lab2_todo/app.js @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +//selectors + +let addTodoBtn = document.getElementById('addTodo'); +let TodoContainer = document.getElementById('TodoContainer'); +let inputField = document.getElementById('inputField'); + + +//listeners +addTodoBtn.addEventListener('click', addTodo) +inputField.addEventListener('keypress', function(e){ + if(e.key === 'Enter'){ addTodo()} +}) +// Add an item to the list -- function addTodo +function addTodo(){ + var paragraph = document.createElement('p'); + paragraph.classList.add('paragraph-styling'); //add styling + paragraph.innerText = inputField.value; + TodoContainer.appendChild(paragraph); // append paragraph to todo container + inputField.value = ""; + + //create delete button, text = 'X' + const delBtn = document.createElement('button') + delBtn.textContent = 'X' + paragraph.append(delBtn) + + //b. Remove an item from the list -- delete todo + delBtn.addEventListener('click', function(){ + TodoContainer.removeChild(delBtn.parentElement) // remove button from parent + + }) + + //c. Mark as complete + paragraph.addEventListener('dblclick', function(){ + paragraph.style.textDecoration = "line-through"; + }) +} + diff --git a/Code/johnathan/java_lab2_todo/index.html b/Code/johnathan/java_lab2_todo/index.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..83fa4c39 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/java_lab2_todo/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ + + + + + + + + To Do List + + + +

To Do List

+
+ +
+
+ + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/java_lab2_todo/style.css b/Code/johnathan/java_lab2_todo/style.css new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5bf6eff1 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/java_lab2_todo/style.css @@ -0,0 +1,41 @@ +html, body { + width: 50%; + margin: 0 auto; + font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; + background-color: #CCC; +} + +.container { + width: 360px; +} + +#inputField { + width: 300px; + height: 46px; + border: 1px solid black; + font-size: 25px; + vertical-align: middle; +} +#addTodo { + height: 35px; + width:100px; + border: 1px solid black; + vertical-align: middle; + font-size: 20px; + transition:100ms; +} + + +#addTodo:hover{ + transform: scale(1.1); +} + +.to-dos { + margin-top: 25px; +} + +.paragraph-styling{ + margin: 0; + cursor: pointer; + font-size: 20px; +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/java_rps_lab1/index.html b/Code/johnathan/java_rps_lab1/index.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..35213c3e --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/java_rps_lab1/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,31 @@ + + + + + + + Document + + + + +
+ + + +
+
+
+ You: + 0 +
+
+ Computer: + 0 +
+ +
+
+
+ + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/java_rps_lab1/script.js b/Code/johnathan/java_rps_lab1/script.js new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ae2c4ace --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/java_rps_lab1/script.js @@ -0,0 +1,74 @@ +// get selection buttons +const selectionButtons = document.querySelectorAll('[data-selection]') + +const finalColumn = document.querySelector('[data-final-column]') +// create an array of all possible selections +const SELECTIONS = [ + { + name:'rock', + emoji: '🗿', + beats: 'scissors' + }, + { + name:'paper', + emoji: '📜', + beats: 'rock' + }, + { + name:'scissors', + emoji: '✂️', + beats: 'paper' + }, + +] + +selectionButtons.forEach(selectionButtons => { + selectionButtons.addEventListener('click', e => { + const selectionName = selectionButtons.dataset.selection + // retrieve individual selection by looping through all selections + const selection = SELECTIONS.find(selection => selection.name === selectionName) + makeSelection(selectionName) + }) +}) + +function makeSelection(selection){ + const computerSelection = randomSelection() + const yourWinner = isWinner(selection, computerSelection) + const computerWinner = isWinner(computerSelection, selection ) + + addSelectionResult(computerSelection, computerWinner) + addSelectionResult(selection, yourWinner) + + if(yourWinner) incrementscore(yourscorespan) + if(computerWinner) incrementscore(computerscorespan) + console.log(selection) +} + +// automate computer selection + +function randomSelection() { + const randomIndex = Math.floor(Math.random() * SELECTIONS.length) // provide an index from our array + return SELECTIONS[randomIndex] +} + +// function to increment score + +function incrementscore (scorespan) { + scorespan.innerText = parseInt(scorespan.innerText) +1 +} + + +// create logic for determining the winner +function isWinner(selection, opponentSelection){ + return selection.beats === opponentSelection.name +} + +// create a function to provide results + +function addSelectionResult (selection, winner) { + const div = document.createElement('div') + div.innerText = selection.emoji + div.classList.add('result-selection') + if (winner) div.classList.add('winner') + finalColumn.after(div) +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/java_rps_lab1/styles.css b/Code/johnathan/java_rps_lab1/styles.css new file mode 100644 index 00000000..40d8a12f --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/java_rps_lab1/styles.css @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +body { + background-color: #CCC; +} + +.selections { + display: flex; + justify-content: center; +} + +.selection { + background: none; + border: none; + outline: none; + cursor: pointer; + font-size: 2rem; + transition:100ms; /* smooth animation */ +} + +/* indicate they are clickable by scaling up image*/ +.selection:hover{ + transform: scale(1.2); +} + +.results { + margin-top: 1rem; + display: grid; + justify-content: center; + grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); + justify-items: center; + align-items: center + } /* set two column grid */ + + +.result-score { + margin-left: .1rem; + font-size: .5rem; + color: black + +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/java_rps_lab1_redo/app.js b/Code/johnathan/java_rps_lab1_redo/app.js new file mode 100644 index 00000000..cb341c57 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/java_rps_lab1_redo/app.js @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +const computerChoiceDisplay = document.getElementById('computer-choice') +const userChoiceDisplay = document.getElementById('user-choice') +const resultDisplay = document.getElementById('result') +const possibleChoices = document.querySelectorAll('button') +let userChoice +// listeners +possibleChoices.forEach(possibleChoice => possibleChoice.addEventListener('click', (e)=> { + userChoice = e.target.id + userChoiceDisplay.innerHTML = userChoice + generateComputerChoice() + getResult() + +})) +// generate random number +function generateComputerChoice(){ + const randomNumber = Math.floor(Math.random() * 3) + 1 + + if (randomNumber === 1){ + computerChoice = 'rock' + } + if (randomNumber === 2){ + computerChoice = 'paper' + } + if (randomNumber === 3){ + computerChoice = 'scissors' + } + computerChoiceDisplay.innerHTML = computerChoice +} + +// function to retrieve results +function getResult(){ + if (computerChoice === userChoice){ + result = 'its a draw!' + } + if (computerChoice === 'rock' && userChoice === 'paper'){ + result = 'you win!' + } + if (computerChoice === 'paper' && userChoice === 'rock'){ + result = 'you lost!' + } + if (computerChoice === 'scissors' && userChoice === 'paper'){ + result = 'you lose!' + } + if (computerChoice === 'scissors' && userChoice === 'rock'){ + result = 'you win!' + } + if (computerChoice === 'paper' && userChoice === 'scissors'){ + result = 'you win!' + } + if (computerChoice === 'rock' && userChoice === 'scissors'){ + result = 'you lose!' + } + resultDisplay.innerHTML = result +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/java_rps_lab1_redo/index.html b/Code/johnathan/java_rps_lab1_redo/index.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a0968f91 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/java_rps_lab1_redo/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ + + + + + + + Rock Paper Scissors Lab 1 + + + + +

Computer Choice:

+

Your Choice:

+

Result:

+ +
+ + + +
+ + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/java_rps_lab1_redo/styles.css b/Code/johnathan/java_rps_lab1_redo/styles.css new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e8d18702 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/java_rps_lab1_redo/styles.css @@ -0,0 +1,39 @@ +body { + background-color: #CCC; +} + +.selection { + display: flex; + justify-content: center; +} + +.selection { + background: none; + border: none; + outline: none; + cursor: pointer; + font-size: 2rem; + transition:100ms; /* smooth animation */ +} + +/* indicate they are clickable by scaling up image*/ +.selection:hover{ + transform: scale(1.2); +} + +.results { + margin-top: 1rem; + display: grid; + justify-content: center; + grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); + justify-items: center; + align-items: center + } /* set two column grid */ + + +.result-score { + margin-left: .1rem; + font-size: .5rem; + color: black + +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/java_to-do/app.js b/Code/johnathan/java_to-do/app.js new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b5dffb42 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/java_to-do/app.js @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +//selectors + +const todoBtn = document.querySelector('#todo-btn') +const todoInput = document.querySelector('#todo-input') +const todoList = document.querySelector('#todo-list') +//listeners +todoBtn.addEventListener('click', addTodo) +todoInput.addEventListener('keypress', function(e){ + // console.log(e) + if(e.key === 'Enter'){ + addTodo() + } +}) + + +//function +function addTodo(){ + const todoText = todoInput.value + const li = document.createElement('li') + li.textContent = todoText + + //create span + const span = document.createElement('span') + span.textContent = todoText + li.append(span) + + + todoList.appendChild(li) + todoInput.value = '' // clear data + + //create delete button, text = X + const delBtn = document.createElement('button') + console.log(delBtn) + delBtn.textContent = 'X' + li.append(delBtn) + + //delete todo + delBtn.addEventListener('click', function(){ + todoList.removeChild(delBtn.parentElement) // remove button from parent + + }) + + //complete button + const completeBtn = document.createElement('button') + completeBtn.textContent = '☑' + li.appendChild(completeBtn) + + //put checked todo at bottom of list + completeBtn.addEventListener('click', function(){ + const parent = completeBtn.parentElement + + + const span = parent.querySelector('span') + if (span.style.textDecorationo === 'line-through'){ + span.style.textDecoration = 'none' + span.style.color = 'black' + todoList.insertBefore(parent, todoList.firstChild) + completeBtn.textContent = '☑' + }else{ + span.style.textDecoration = 'line-through' + span.style.color = 'gray' + todoList.removeChild(parent) // remove item from page + todoList.append(parent) + } + }) +} + diff --git a/Code/johnathan/java_to-do/index.html b/Code/johnathan/java_to-do/index.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..502e4cdd --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/java_to-do/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ + + + + + + + Document + + + + + +
+ + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/hello_app/Templates/hello_app/index.html b/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/hello_app/Templates/hello_app/index.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6952166d --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/hello_app/Templates/hello_app/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ + + + + + + + Document + + +

Hello {{name}} + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/hello_app/__init__.py b/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/hello_app/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/hello_app/admin.py b/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/hello_app/admin.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8c38f3f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/hello_app/admin.py @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +from django.contrib import admin + +# Register your models here. diff --git a/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/hello_app/apps.py b/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/hello_app/apps.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..37e3c0e4 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/hello_app/apps.py @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +from django.apps import AppConfig + + +class HelloAppConfig(AppConfig): + default_auto_field = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField' + name = 'hello_app' diff --git a/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/hello_app/migrations/__init__.py b/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/hello_app/migrations/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/hello_app/models.py b/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/hello_app/models.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..71a83623 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/hello_app/models.py @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +from django.db import models + +# Create your models here. diff --git a/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/hello_app/tests.py b/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/hello_app/tests.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7ce503c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/hello_app/tests.py @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +from django.test import TestCase + +# Create your tests here. diff --git a/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/hello_app/urls.py b/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/hello_app/urls.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..140c24e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/hello_app/urls.py @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +from django.urls import path +from . import views + +urlpatterns = [ + #8000/hello + path('', views.hello, name='hello'), + + #8000/bruce + path('bruce', views.bruce, name='bruce'), + #8000/batman + path('batman', views.batman, name='batman'), + #8000/stringname + path('', views.say_hello, name='say_hello') +] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/hello_app/views.py b/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/hello_app/views.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5137290f --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/hello_app/views.py @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +from django.shortcuts import render +from django.http import HttpResponse +# Create your views here. +def hello(request): + return HttpResponse('

Hello World

') + +def bruce(request): + return HttpResponse("Hello Bruce") + +def batman(request): + return HttpResponse("Sup Bruce, we know you're Batman.") + +def say_hello(request, name): + # return HttpResponse(f'hello {name}') + return render(request, 'hello_app/index.html', {'test': name}) + + + diff --git a/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/kiwi_first_proj/__init__.py b/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/kiwi_first_proj/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/kiwi_first_proj/asgi.py b/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/kiwi_first_proj/asgi.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8d6f1c66 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/kiwi_first_proj/asgi.py @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +""" +ASGI config for kiwi_first_proj project. + +It exposes the ASGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/deployment/asgi/ +""" + +import os + +from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application + +os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'kiwi_first_proj.settings') + +application = get_asgi_application() diff --git a/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/kiwi_first_proj/settings.py b/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/kiwi_first_proj/settings.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..cb88218c --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/kiwi_first_proj/settings.py @@ -0,0 +1,123 @@ +""" +Django settings for kiwi_first_proj project. + +Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 4.0.3. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/settings/ + +For the full list of settings and their values, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/ +""" + +from pathlib import Path + +# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'. +BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent + + +# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production +# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/deployment/checklist/ + +# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret! +SECRET_KEY = 'django-insecure-9(!9*m36fgl-o^4r==6tg+)5y@%utp50+#905j5(wm=n#x7qj*' + +# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production! +DEBUG = True + +ALLOWED_HOSTS = [] + + +# Application definition + +INSTALLED_APPS = [ + 'django.contrib.admin', + 'django.contrib.auth', + 'django.contrib.contenttypes', + 'django.contrib.sessions', + 'django.contrib.messages', + 'django.contrib.staticfiles', +] + +MIDDLEWARE = [ + 'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware', +] + +ROOT_URLCONF = 'kiwi_first_proj.urls' + +TEMPLATES = [ + { + 'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates', + 'DIRS': [], + 'APP_DIRS': True, + 'OPTIONS': { + 'context_processors': [ + 'django.template.context_processors.debug', + 'django.template.context_processors.request', + 'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth', + 'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages', + ], + }, + }, +] + +WSGI_APPLICATION = 'kiwi_first_proj.wsgi.application' + + +# Database +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#databases + +DATABASES = { + 'default': { + 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3', + 'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3', + } +} + + +# Password validation +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators + +AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [ + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator', + }, + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator', + }, + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator', + }, + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator', + }, +] + + +# Internationalization +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/i18n/ + +LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us' + +TIME_ZONE = 'UTC' + +USE_I18N = True + +USE_TZ = True + + +# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images) +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/static-files/ + +STATIC_URL = 'static/' + +# Default primary key field type +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#default-auto-field + +DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField' diff --git a/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/kiwi_first_proj/urls.py b/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/kiwi_first_proj/urls.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d8f7e497 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/kiwi_first_proj/urls.py @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +"""kiwi_first_proj URL Configuration + +The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see: + https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/http/urls/ +Examples: +Function views + 1. Add an import: from my_app import views + 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', views.home, name='home') +Class-based views + 1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home + 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', Home.as_view(), name='home') +Including another URLconf + 1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path + 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('blog/', include('blog.urls')) +""" +from django.contrib import admin +from django.urls import path, include + +urlpatterns = [ + path('admin/', admin.site.urls), + path('hello/', include('hello_app.urls')) +] diff --git a/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/kiwi_first_proj/wsgi.py b/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/kiwi_first_proj/wsgi.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..97eac6ce --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/kiwi_first_proj/wsgi.py @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +""" +WSGI config for kiwi_first_proj project. + +It exposes the WSGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/deployment/wsgi/ +""" + +import os + +from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application + +os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'kiwi_first_proj.settings') + +application = get_wsgi_application() diff --git a/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/manage.py b/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/manage.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f8231399 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/kiwi_first_proj/manage.py @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python +"""Django's command-line utility for administrative tasks.""" +import os +import sys + + +def main(): + """Run administrative tasks.""" + os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'kiwi_first_proj.settings') + try: + from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line + except ImportError as exc: + raise ImportError( + "Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and " + "available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you " + "forget to activate a virtual environment?" + ) from exc + execute_from_command_line(sys.argv) + + + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + main() diff --git a/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/contact_app/__init__.py b/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/contact_app/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/contact_app/admin.py b/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/contact_app/admin.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..57ff6fb3 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/contact_app/admin.py @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +from django.contrib import admin +from .models import * + + +# Register your models here. + + +admin.site.register(Contact) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/contact_app/apps.py b/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/contact_app/apps.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6bdff151 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/contact_app/apps.py @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +from django.apps import AppConfig + + +class ContactAppConfig(AppConfig): + default_auto_field = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField' + name = 'contact_app' diff --git a/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/contact_app/migrations/0001_initial.py b/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/contact_app/migrations/0001_initial.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1155107e --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/contact_app/migrations/0001_initial.py @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +# Generated by Django 4.0.3 on 2022-04-14 01:51 + +from django.db import migrations, models + + +class Migration(migrations.Migration): + + initial = True + + dependencies = [ + ] + + operations = [ + migrations.CreateModel( + name='Contact', + fields=[ + ('id', models.BigAutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')), + ('first_name', models.CharField(max_length=50)), + ('last_name', models.CharField(blank=True, max_length=50, null=True)), + ('phone_number', models.CharField(blank=True, max_length=15, null=True)), + ('email', models.EmailField(blank=True, max_length=254, null=True)), + ('address', models.CharField(blank=True, max_length=100, null=True)), + ('is_cool', models.BooleanField(default=False)), + ], + ), + ] diff --git a/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/contact_app/migrations/__init__.py b/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/contact_app/migrations/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/contact_app/models.py b/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/contact_app/models.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..13b65574 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/contact_app/models.py @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ +from django.db import models + +# Create your models here. + +class Contact(models.Model): + first_name = models.CharField(max_length=50) + last_name = models.CharField(max_length=50, null=True, blank =True) + phone_number = models.CharField(max_length=15, null=True, blank=True) + email = models.EmailField(null=True, blank=True) + address = models.CharField(max_length=100, null=True, blank=True) + is_cool = models.BooleanField(default=False) + + def __str__(self): + return f'{self.first_name} {self.last_name}' + + def full_name(self): + if self.last_name: + return f'{self.first_name} {self.last_name}' + else: + return f'{self.first_name}' + + def coolness(self): + if self.is_cool: + return 'cool' + else: + return 'not cool' + def __str__(self): + return f'{self.coolness()} -- {self.full_name()}' \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/contact_app/templates/contact_app/all_contacts.html b/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/contact_app/templates/contact_app/all_contacts.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..0c85e8f8 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/contact_app/templates/contact_app/all_contacts.html @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ + + + + + + + All Contacts + + +

All Contacts

+
+ {% csrf_token %} + + + + + + + +
+ {%for contact in contacts%} + +
+ {{contact.full_name}} is {{contact.coolness}} + +
+ {%endfor%} + {{contacts}} + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/contact_app/templates/contact_app/index.html b/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/contact_app/templates/contact_app/index.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..01d6c4b1 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/contact_app/templates/contact_app/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ + + + + + + + Contacts + + +

Welcome To Contacts!

+
+ {% csrf_token %} + + + + +
+ + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/contact_app/tests.py b/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/contact_app/tests.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7ce503c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/contact_app/tests.py @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +from django.test import TestCase + +# Create your tests here. diff --git a/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/contact_app/urls.py b/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/contact_app/urls.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..46ebd9e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/contact_app/urls.py @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ + +from django.urls import path, include +from .import views +app_name = 'contacts' +urlpatterns = [ + path('', views.home_page, name='home'), + path('all/', views.all_contacts, name='all_contacts'), + path('save_contact/', views.save_contact, name='save_contact'), + path('search/', views.search_contact, name='search_contact'), + + +] diff --git a/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/contact_app/views.py b/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/contact_app/views.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e8ad2c83 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/contact_app/views.py @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect +from django.shortcuts import render, reverse +from .models import * +# Create your views here. + +def home_page(request): + return render(request, 'contact_app/index.html') + +def all_contacts(request): + contacts = Contact.objects.all() + context = { + + 'contacts': contacts + } + + return render(request, 'contact_app/all_contacts.html', context) + +def save_contact(request): + contact = Contact() + form = request.POST + if request.POST: + contact.first_name = form['first_name'] + contact.last_name = form['last_name'] + contact.phone_number = form['phone_number'] + contact.email = form['email'] + contact.address = form['address'] + if form ['is_cool'] == 'on': + contact.is_cool = True + else: + contact.is_cool = False + contact.save() + + return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('contacts:all_contacts')) + +def search_contact (request): + name = request.POST['first_name'] + + if name: + contact = Contact.objects.filter(first_name = name) + else: + contact = '' + return HttpResponse(contact) + diff --git a/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/manage.py b/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/manage.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..75f0d8b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/manage.py @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python +"""Django's command-line utility for administrative tasks.""" +import os +import sys + + +def main(): + """Run administrative tasks.""" + os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'phonebook_proj.settings') + try: + from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line + except ImportError as exc: + raise ImportError( + "Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and " + "available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you " + "forget to activate a virtual environment?" + ) from exc + execute_from_command_line(sys.argv) + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + main() diff --git a/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/phonebook_proj/__init__.py b/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/phonebook_proj/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/phonebook_proj/asgi.py b/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/phonebook_proj/asgi.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9226ab4b --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/phonebook_proj/asgi.py @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +""" +ASGI config for phonebook_proj project. + +It exposes the ASGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/deployment/asgi/ +""" + +import os + +from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application + +os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'phonebook_proj.settings') + +application = get_asgi_application() diff --git a/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/phonebook_proj/settings.py b/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/phonebook_proj/settings.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..366aaa20 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/phonebook_proj/settings.py @@ -0,0 +1,124 @@ +""" +Django settings for phonebook_proj project. + +Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 4.0.3. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/settings/ + +For the full list of settings and their values, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/ +""" + +from pathlib import Path + +# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'. +BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent + + +# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production +# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/deployment/checklist/ + +# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret! +SECRET_KEY = 'django-insecure-g7j*#j*a4picdzx&crgcdr_^f!d$wi(%!%g*ma*2qygwc_pk09' + +# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production! +DEBUG = True + +ALLOWED_HOSTS = [] + + +# Application definition + +INSTALLED_APPS = [ + 'django.contrib.admin', + 'django.contrib.auth', + 'django.contrib.contenttypes', + 'django.contrib.sessions', + 'django.contrib.messages', + 'django.contrib.staticfiles', + 'contact_app' +] + +MIDDLEWARE = [ + 'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware', +] + +ROOT_URLCONF = 'phonebook_proj.urls' + +TEMPLATES = [ + { + 'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates', + 'DIRS': [], + 'APP_DIRS': True, + 'OPTIONS': { + 'context_processors': [ + 'django.template.context_processors.debug', + 'django.template.context_processors.request', + 'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth', + 'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages', + ], + }, + }, +] + +WSGI_APPLICATION = 'phonebook_proj.wsgi.application' + + +# Database +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#databases + +DATABASES = { + 'default': { + 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3', + 'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3', + } +} + + +# Password validation +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators + +AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [ + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator', + }, + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator', + }, + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator', + }, + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator', + }, +] + + +# Internationalization +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/i18n/ + +LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us' + +TIME_ZONE = 'UTC' + +USE_I18N = True + +USE_TZ = True + + +# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images) +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/static-files/ + +STATIC_URL = 'static/' + +# Default primary key field type +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#default-auto-field + +DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField' diff --git a/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/phonebook_proj/urls.py b/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/phonebook_proj/urls.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..24309074 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/phonebook_proj/urls.py @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +"""phonebook_proj URL Configuration + +The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see: + https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/http/urls/ +Examples: +Function views + 1. Add an import: from my_app import views + 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', views.home, name='home') +Class-based views + 1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home + 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', Home.as_view(), name='home') +Including another URLconf + 1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path + 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('blog/', include('blog.urls')) +""" +from django.contrib import admin +from django.urls import path, include + +urlpatterns = [ + path('admin/', admin.site.urls), + path('', include('contact_app.urls')) +] diff --git a/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/phonebook_proj/wsgi.py b/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/phonebook_proj/wsgi.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..54e908f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/phonebook_proj/phonebook_proj/wsgi.py @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +""" +WSGI config for phonebook_proj project. + +It exposes the WSGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/deployment/wsgi/ +""" + +import os + +from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application + +os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'phonebook_proj.settings') + +application = get_wsgi_application() diff --git a/Code/johnathan/python/beowolf2.txt b/Code/johnathan/python/beowolf2.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000..2dbadd28 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/python/beowolf2.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6987 @@ +The Project Gutenberg eBook of Beowulf + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and +most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions +whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms +of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at +www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you +will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before +using this eBook. + +Title: Beowulf +An Anglo-Saxon Epic Poem, Translated From The Heyne-Socin Text by Lesslie Hall + +Author: + +Release Date: July 19, 2005 [eBook #16328] +[Most recently updated: February 13, 2021] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +Produced by: David Starner, Dainis Millers and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team + +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BEOWULF *** + + + + +BEOWULF +AN ANGLO-SAXON EPIC POEM + +_TRANSLATED FROM THE HEYNE-SOCIN TEXT_ + +BY + +JNO: LESSLIE HALL, Ph. D. (J.H.U.) + +Professor of English and History in The College of William and Mary + + +D.C. HEATH & CO., PUBLISHERS +BOSTON NEW YORK CHICAGO + + +Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1892, by + +JNO: LESSLIE HALL, + +in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. + + +TO + +My Wife + +[v] + + + + +CONTENTS. + + + PAGE + + Preface vii + + Bibliography of Translations xi + + Glossary of Proper Names xiii + + List of Words and Phrases not in General Use xviii + + The Life and Death of Scyld (I.) 1 + + Scyld's Successors + } (II.) 3 + Hrothgar's Great Mead-Hall + + Grendel, the Murderer (III.) 5 + + Beowulf Goes to Hrothgar's Assistance (IV.) 8 + + The Geats Reach Heorot (V.) 10 + + Beowulf Introduces Himself at the Palace (VI.) 12 + + Hrothgar and Beowulf (VII.) 14 + + Hrothgar and Beowulf (continued) (VIII.) 17 + + Unferth Taunts Beowulf (IX.) 19 + + Beowulf Silences Unferth + } (X.) 21 + Glee is High + + All Sleep save One (XI.) 24 + + Grendel and Beowulf (XII.) 26 + + Grendel is Vanquished (XIII.) 28 + + Rejoicing of the Danes (XIV.) 30 + + Hrothgar's Gratitude (XV.) 33 + + Hrothgar Lavishes Gifts upon his Deliverer (XVI.) 35 + + Banquet (continued) + } (XVII.) 37 + The Scop's Song of Finn and Hnæf + + The Finn Episode (continued) + } (XVIII.) 39 + The Banquet Continues + + Beowulf Receives Further Honor (XIX.) 41 + + The Mother of Grendel (XX.) 44 + + Hrothgar's Account of the Monsters (XXI.) 46 + + Beowulf Seeks Grendel's Mother (XXII.) 48 + + Beowulf's Fight with Grendel's Mother (XXIII.) 51 + + Beowulf is Double-Conqueror (XXIV.) 53 + +[vi] Beowulf Brings his Trophies + } (XXV.) 57 + Hrothgar's Gratitude + + Hrothgar Moralizes + } (XXVI.) 60 + Rest after Labor + + Sorrow at Parting (XXVII.) 62 + + The Homeward Journey + } (XXVIII.) 64 + The Two Queens + + Beowulf and Higelac (XXIX.) 67 + + Beowulf Narrates his Adventures to Higelac (XXX.) 69 + + Gift-Giving is Mutual (XXXI.) 73 + + The Hoard and the Dragon (XXXII.) 75 + + Brave Though Aged + } (XXXIII.) 78 + Reminiscences + + Beowulf Seeks the Dragon + } (XXXIV.) 81 + Beowulf's Reminiscences + + Reminiscences (continued) + } (XXXV.) 83 + Beowulf's Last Battle + + Wiglaf the Trusty + } (XXXVI.) 88 + Beowulf is Deserted by Friends and by Sword + + The Fatal Struggle + } (XXXVII.) 91 + Beowulf's Last Moments + + Wiglaf Plunders the Dragon's Den + } (XXXVIII.) 93 + Beowulf's Death + + The Dead Foes + } (XXXIX.) 95 + Wiglaf's Bitter Taunts + + The Messenger of Death (XL.) 97 + + The Messenger's Retrospect (XLI.) 99 + + Wiglaf's Sad Story + } (XLII.) 103 + The Hoard Carried Off + + The Burning of Beowulf (XLIII.) 106 + + Addenda 109 + +[vii] + + + + +PREFACE. + + +The present work is a modest effort to reproduce approximately, in modern +measures, the venerable epic, Beowulf. _Approximately_, I repeat; for a +very close reproduction of Anglo-Saxon verse would, to a large extent, be +prose to a modern ear. + +The Heyne-Socin text and glossary have been closely followed. Occasionally +a deviation has been made, but always for what seemed good and sufficient +reason. The translator does not aim to be an editor. Once in a while, +however, he has added a conjecture of his own to the emendations quoted +from the criticisms of other students of the poem. + +This work is addressed to two classes of readers. From both of these alike +the translator begs sympathy and co-operation. The Anglo-Saxon scholar he +hopes to please by adhering faithfully to the original. The student of +English literature he aims to interest by giving him, in modern garb, the +most ancient epic of our race. This is a bold and venturesome undertaking; +and yet there must be some students of the Teutonic past willing to follow +even a daring guide, if they may read in modern phrases of the sorrows of +Hrothgar, of the prowess of Beowulf, and of the feelings that stirred the +hearts of our forefathers in their primeval homes. + +In order to please the larger class of readers, a regular cadence has been +used, a measure which, while retaining the essential characteristics of +the original, permits the reader to see ahead of him in reading. + +Perhaps every Anglo-Saxon scholar has his own theory as to how Beowulf +should be translated. Some have given us prose versions of what we believe +to be a great poem. Is it any reflection on our honored Kemble and Arnold +to say that their translations fail to show a layman that Beowulf is +justly called our first _epic_? Of those translators who have used verse, +several have written from what would seem a mistaken point of view. Is it +proper, for instance, that the grave and solemn speeches of Beowulf and +Hrothgar be put in ballad measures, tripping lightly and airily along? Or, +again, is it fitting that the rough martial music of Anglo-Saxon verse be +interpreted to us in the smooth measures of modern blank verse? Do we hear +what has been beautifully called "the clanging tread of a warrior in +mail"? + +[viii] + +Of all English translations of Beowulf, that of Professor Garnett alone +gives any adequate idea of the chief characteristics of this great +Teutonic epic. + +The measure used in the present translation is believed to be as near a +reproduction of the original as modern English affords. The cadences +closely resemble those used by Browning in some of his most striking +poems. The four stresses of the Anglo-Saxon verse are retained, and as +much thesis and anacrusis is allowed as is consistent with a regular +cadence. Alliteration has been used to a large extent; but it was thought +that modern ears would hardly tolerate it on every line. End-rhyme has +been used occasionally; internal rhyme, sporadically. Both have some +warrant in Anglo-Saxon poetry. (For end-rhyme, see 1_53, 1_54; for +internal rhyme, 2_21, 6_40.) + +What Gummere[1] calls the "rime-giver" has been studiously kept; _viz._, +the first accented syllable in the second half-verse always carries the +alliteration; and the last accented syllable alliterates only +sporadically. Alternate alliteration is occasionally used as in the +original. (See 7_61, 8_5.) + +No two accented syllables have been brought together, except occasionally +after a cæsural pause. (See 2_19 and 12_1.) Or, scientifically speaking, +Sievers's C type has been avoided as not consonant with the plan of +translation. Several of his types, however, constantly occur; _e.g._ A and +a variant (/ x | / x) (/ x x | / x); B and a variant (x / | x / ) (x x / | +x / ); a variant of D (/ x | / x x); E (/ x x | / ). Anacrusis gives +further variety to the types used in the translation. + +The parallelisms of the original have been faithfully preserved. (_E.g._, +1_16 and 1_17: "Lord" and "Wielder of Glory"; 1_30, 1_31, 1_32; 2_12 and +2_13; 2_27 and 2_28; 3_5 and 3_6.) Occasionally, some loss has been +sustained; but, on the other hand, a gain has here and there been made. + +The effort has been made to give a decided flavor of archaism to the +translation. All words not in keeping with the spirit of the poem have +been avoided. Again, though many archaic words have been used, there are +none, it is believed, which are not found in standard modern poetry. + +[ix] + +With these preliminary remarks, it will not be amiss to give an outline of +the story of the poem. + + +_THE STORY._ + +_Hrothgar, king of the Danes, or Scyldings, builds a great mead-hall, or +palace, in which he hopes to feast his liegemen and to give them presents. +The joy of king and retainers is, however, of short duration. Grendel, the +monster, is seized with hateful jealousy. He cannot brook the sounds of +joyance that reach him down in his fen-dwelling near the hall. Oft and +anon he goes to the joyous building, bent on direful mischief. Thane after +thane is ruthlessly carried off and devoured, while no one is found strong +enough and bold enough to cope with the monster. For twelve years he +persecutes Hrothgar and his vassals._ + +_Over sea, a day's voyage off, Beowulf, of the Geats, nephew of Higelac, +king of the Geats, hears of Grendel's doings and of Hrothgar's misery. He +resolves to crush the fell monster and relieve the aged king. With +fourteen chosen companions, he sets sail for Dane-land. Reaching that +country, he soon persuades Hrothgar of his ability to help him. The hours +that elapse before night are spent in beer-drinking and conversation. When +Hrothgar's bedtime comes he leaves the hall in charge of Beowulf, telling +him that never before has he given to another the absolute wardship of his +palace. All retire to rest, Beowulf, as it were, sleeping upon his arms._ + +_Grendel comes, the great march-stepper, bearing God's anger. He seizes +and kills one of the sleeping warriors. Then he advances towards Beowulf. +A fierce and desperate hand-to-hand struggle ensues. No arms are used, +both combatants trusting to strength and hand-grip. Beowulf tears +Grendel's shoulder from its socket, and the monster retreats to his den, +howling and yelling with agony and fury. The wound is fatal._ + +_The next morning, at early dawn, warriors in numbers flock to the hall +Heorot, to hear the news. Joy is boundless. Glee runs high. Hrothgar and +his retainers are lavish of gratitude and of gifts._ + +_Grendel's mother, however, comes the next night to avenge his death. She +is furious and raging. While Beowulf is sleeping in a room somewhat apart +[x] from the quarters of the other warriors, she seizes one of Hrothgar's +favorite counsellors, and carries him off and devours him. Beowulf is +called. Determined to leave Heorot entirely purified, he arms himself, and +goes down to look for the female monster. After traveling through the +waters many hours, he meets her near the sea-bottom. She drags him to her +den. There he sees Grendel lying dead. After a desperate and almost fatal +struggle with the woman, he slays her, and swims upward in triumph, taking +with him Grendel's head._ + +_Joy is renewed at Heorot. Congratulations crowd upon the victor. Hrothgar +literally pours treasures into the lap of Beowulf; and it is agreed among +the vassals of the king that Beowulf will be their next liegelord._ + +_Beowulf leaves Dane-land. Hrothgar weeps and laments at his departure._ + +_When the hero arrives in his own land, Higelac treats him as a +distinguished guest. He is the hero of the hour._ + +_Beowulf subsequently becomes king of his own people, the Geats. After he +has been ruling for fifty years, his own neighborhood is wofully harried +by a fire-spewing dragon. Beowulf determines to kill him. In the ensuing +struggle both Beowulf and the dragon are slain. The grief of the Geats is +inexpressible. They determine, however, to leave nothing undone to honor +the memory of their lord. A great funeral-pyre is built, and his body is +burnt. Then a memorial-barrow is made, visible from a great distance, that +sailors afar may be constantly reminded of the prowess of the national +hero of Geatland._ + +_The poem closes with a glowing tribute to his bravery, his gentleness, +his goodness of heart, and his generosity._ + + * * * * * + +It is the devout desire of this translator to hasten the day when the +story of Beowulf shall be as familiar to English-speaking peoples as that +of the Iliad. Beowulf is our first great epic. It is an epitomized history +of the life of the Teutonic races. It brings vividly before us our +forefathers of pre-Alfredian eras, in their love of war, of sea, and of +adventure. + +My special thanks are due to Professors Francis A. March and James A. +Harrison, for advice, sympathy, and assistance. + + J.L. HALL. + +[xi] + + + + +ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE NOTES. + + +B. = Bugge. C. = Cosijn. Gr. = Grein. Grdvtg. = Grundtvig. H. = Heyne. H. +and S. = Harrison and Sharp. H.-So. = Heyne-Socin. K.= Kemble. Kl. = +Kluge. M.= Müllenhoff. R. = Rieger. S. = Sievers. Sw. = Sweet. t.B. = ten +Brink. Th. = Thorpe. W. = Wülcker. + + * * * * * + + + + +BIBLIOGRAPHY OF TRANSLATIONS. + + +~Arnold, Thomas.~--Beowulf. A heroic poem of the eighth century. London, +1876. With English translation. Prose. + +~Botkine, L.~--Beowulf. Epopée Anglo-Saxonne. Havre, 1877. First French +translation. Passages occasionally omitted. + +~Conybeare, J.J.~--Illustrations of Anglo-Saxon Poetry. London, 1826. Full +Latin translation, and some passages translated into English blank-verse. + +~Ettmuller, L.~--Beowulf, stabreimend übersetzt. Zürich, 1840. + +~Garnett, J.M.~--Beowulf: an Anglo-Saxon Poem, and the Fight at Finnsburg. +Boston, 1882. An accurate line-for-line translation, using alliteration +occasionally, and sometimes assuming a metrical cadence. + +~Grein, C.W.M.~--Dichtungen der Angelsachsen, stabreimend übersetzt. 2 +Bde. Göttingen, 1857-59. + +~Grion, Giusto.~--Beovulf, poema epico anglo-sassone del VII. secolo, +tradotto e illustrato. Lucca, 1883. First Italian translation. + +~Grundtvig, N.F.S.~--Bjowulfs Drape. Copenhagen, 1820. + +~Heyne, M.~--A translation in iambic measures. Paderborn, 1863. + +~Kemble, J.M.~--The Anglo-Saxon Poems of Beowulf, the Traveller's Song, +and the Battle of Finnsburg. London, 1833. The second edition contains a +prose translation of Beowulf. + +~Leo, H.~--Ueber Beowulf. Halle, 1839. Translations of extracts. + +[xii] + +~Lumsden, H.W.~--Beowulf, translated into modern rhymes. London, 1881. +Ballad measures. Passages occasionally omitted. + +~Sandras, G.S.~--De carminibus Cædmoni adjudicatis. Paris, 1859. An +extract from Beowulf, with Latin translation. + +~Schaldmose, F.~--Beowulf og Scopes Widsith, to Angelsaxiske Digte. +Copenhagen, 1847. + +~Simrock, K.~--Beowulf. Uebersetzt und erläutert. Stuttgart und Augsburg, +1859. Alliterative measures. + +~Thorkelin, G.J.~--De Danorum rebus gestis secul. III. et IV. poema +Danicum dialecto Anglosaxonica. Havniæ, 1815. Latin translation. + +~Thorpe, B.~--The Anglo-Saxon Poems of Beowulf, the Scôp or Gleeman's +Tale, and the Fight at Finnsburg. Oxford, 1855. English translation in +short lines, generally containing two stresses. + +~Wackerbarth, A.D.~--Beowulf, translated into English verse. London, 1849. + +~Wickberg, R.~--Beowulf, en fornengelsk hjeltedikt, öfersatt. Westervik. +First Swedish translation. + +~von Wolzogen, H.~--Beowulf, in alliterative measures. Leipzig. + +~Zinsser, G.~--Der Kampf Beowulfs mit Grendel. Jahresbericht of the +Realschule at Forbach, 1881. + +[xiii] + + + + +GLOSSARY OF PROPER NAMES. + + * * * * * + +[The figures refer to the divisions of the poem in which the respective +names occur. The large figures refer to fitts, the small, to lines in the +fitts.] + + * * * * * + +~Ælfhere~.--A kinsman of Wiglaf.--36_3. + +~Æschere~.--Confidential friend of King Hrothgar. Elder brother of +Yrmenlaf. Killed by Grendel.--21_3; 30_89. + +~Beanstan~.--Father of Breca.--9_26. + +~Beowulf~.--Son of Scyld, the founder of the dynasty of Scyldings. Father +of Healfdene, and grandfather of Hrothgar.--1_18; 2_1. + +~Beowulf~.--The hero of the poem. Sprung from the stock of Geats, son of +Ecgtheow. Brought up by his maternal grandfather Hrethel, and figuring in +manhood as a devoted liegeman of his uncle Higelac. A hero from his youth. +Has the strength of thirty men. Engages in a swimming-match with Breca. +Goes to the help of Hrothgar against the monster Grendel. Vanquishes +Grendel and his mother. Afterwards becomes king of the Geats. Late in life +attempts to kill a fire-spewing dragon, and is slain. Is buried with great +honors. His memorial mound.--6_26; 7_2; 7_9; 9_3; 9_8; 12_28; 12_43; 23_1, +etc. + +~Breca~.--Beowulf's opponent in the famous swimming-match.--9_8; 9_19; +9_21; 9_22. + +~Brondings~.--A people ruled by Breca.--9_23. + +~Brosinga mene~.--A famous collar once owned by the Brosings.--19_7. + +~Cain~.--Progenitor of Grendel and other monsters.--2_56; 20_11. + +~Dæghrefn~.--A warrior of the Hugs, killed by Beowulf.--35_40. + +~Danes~.--Subjects of Scyld and his descendants, and hence often called +Scyldings. Other names for them are Victory-Scyldings, Honor-Scyldings, +Armor-Danes, Bright-Danes, East-Danes, West-Danes, North-Danes, +South-Danes, Ingwins, Hrethmen.--1_1; 2_1; 3_2; 5_14; 7_1, etc. + +~Ecglaf~.--Father of Unferth, who taunts Beowulf.--9_1. + +~Ecgtheow~.--Father of Beowulf, the hero of the poem. A widely-known +Wægmunding warrior. Marries Hrethel's daughter. After slaying Heatholaf, a +Wylfing, he flees his country.--7_3; 5_6; 8_4. + +~Ecgwela~.--A king of the Danes before Scyld.--25_60. + +[xiv] + +~Elan~.--Sister of Hrothgar, and probably wife of Ongentheow, king of the +Swedes.--2_10. + +~Eagle Cape~.--A promontory in Geat-land, under which took place Beowulf's +last encounter.--41_87. + +~Eadgils~.--Son of Ohthere and brother of Eanmund.--34_2. + +~Eanmund~.--Son of Ohthere and brother of Eadgils. The reference to these +brothers is vague, and variously understood. Heyne supposes as follows: +Raising a revolt against their father, they are obliged to leave Sweden. +They go to the land of the Geats; with what intention, is not known, but +probably to conquer and plunder. The Geatish king, Heardred, is slain by +one of the brothers, probably Eanmund.--36_10; 31_54 to 31_60; 33_66 to +34_6. + +~Eofor~.--A Geatish hero who slays Ongentheow in war, and is rewarded by +Hygelac with the hand of his only daughter.--41_18; 41_48. + +~Eormenric~.--A Gothic king, from whom Hama took away the famous Brosinga +mene.--19_9. + +~Eomær~.--Son of Offa and Thrytho, king and queen of the Angles.--28_69. + +~Finn~.--King of the North-Frisians and the Jutes. Marries Hildeburg. At +his court takes place the horrible slaughter in which the Danish general, +Hnæf, fell. Later on, Finn himself is slain by Danish warriors.--17_18; +17_30; 17_44; 18_4; 18_23. + +~Fin-land~.--The country to which Beowulf was driven by the currents in +his swimming-match.--10_22. + +~Fitela~.--Son and nephew of King Sigemund, whose praises are sung in +XIV.--14_42; 14_53. + +~Folcwalda~.--Father of Finn.--17_38. + +~Franks~.--Introduced occasionally in referring to the death of +Higelac.--19_19; 40_21; 40_24. + +~Frisians~.--A part of them are ruled by Finn. Some of them were engaged +in the struggle in which Higelac was slain.--17_20; 17_42; 17_52; 40_21. + +~Freaware~.--Daughter of King Hrothgar. Married to Ingeld, a Heathobard +prince.--29_60; 30_32. + +~Froda~.--King of the Heathobards, and father of Ingeld.--29_62. + +~Garmund~.--Father of Offa.--28_71. + +~Geats, Geatmen~.--The race to which the hero of the poem belongs. Also +called Weder-Geats, or Weders, War-Geats, Sea-Geats. They are ruled by +Hrethel, Hæthcyn, Higelac, and Beowulf.--4_7; 7_4; 10_45; 11_8; 27_14; +28_8. + +~Gepids~.--Named in connection with the Danes and Swedes.--35_34. + +~Grendel~.--A monster of the race of Cain. Dwells in the fens and moors. +Is furiously envious when he hears sounds of joy in Hrothgar's palace. +Causes the king untold agony for years. Is finally conquered by Beowulf, +and dies of his wound. His hand and arm are hung up in Hrothgar's hall +Heorot. His head is cut off by Beowulf when he goes down to fight with +Grendel's mother.--2_50; 3_1; 3_13; 8_19; 11_17; 12_2; 13_27; 15_3. + +~Guthlaf~.--A Dane of Hnæf's party.--18_24. + +~Half-Danes~.--Branch of the Danes to which Hnæf belonged.--17_19. + +[xv] + +~Halga~.--Surnamed the Good. Younger brother of Hrothgar.--2_9. + +~Hama~.--Takes the Brosinga mene from Eormenric.--19_7. + +~Hæreth~.--Father of Higelac's queen, Hygd.--28_39; 29_18. + +~Hæthcyn~.--Son of Hrethel and brother of Higelac. Kills his brother +Herebeald accidentally. Is slain at Ravenswood, fighting against +Ongentheow.--34_43; 35_23; 40_32. + +~Helmings~.--The race to which Queen Wealhtheow belonged.--10_63. + +~Heming~.--A kinsman of Garmund, perhaps nephew.--28_54; 28_70. + +~Hengest~.--A Danish leader. Takes command on the fall of Hnæf.--17_33; +17_41. + +~Herebeald~.--Eldest son of Hrethel, the Geatish king, and brother of +Higelac. Killed by his younger brother Hæthcyn.--34_43; 34_47. + +~Heremod~.--A Danish king of a dynasty before the Scylding line. Was a +source of great sorrow to his people.--14_64; 25_59. + +~Hereric~.--Referred to as uncle of Heardred, but otherwise +unknown.--31_60. + +~Hetwars~.--Another name for the Franks.--33_51. + +~Healfdene~.--Grandson of Scyld and father of Hrothgar. Ruled the Danes +long and well.--2_5; 4_1; 8_14. + +~Heardred~.--Son of Higelac and Hygd, king and queen of the Geats. +Succeeds his father, with Beowulf as regent. Is slain by the sons of +Ohthere.--31_56; 33_63; 33_75. + +~Heathobards~.--Race of Lombards, of which Froda is king. After Froda +falls in battle with the Danes, Ingeld, his son, marries Hrothgar's +daughter, Freaware, in order to heal the feud.--30_1; 30_6. + +~Heatholaf~.--A Wylfing warrior slain by Beowulf's father.--8_5. + +~Heathoremes~.--The people on whose shores Breca is cast by the waves +during his contest with Beowulf.--9_21. + +~Heorogar~.--Elder brother of Hrothgar, and surnamed 'Weoroda Ræswa,' +Prince of the Troopers.--2_9; 8_12. + +~Hereward~.--Son of the above.--31_17. + +~Heort~, ~Heorot~.--The great mead-hall which King Hrothgar builds. It is +invaded by Grendel for twelve years. Finally cleansed by Beowulf, the +Geat. It is called Heort on account of the hart-antlers which decorate +it.--2_25; 3_32; 3_52. + +~Hildeburg~.--Wife of Finn, daughter of Hoce, and related to +Hnæf,--probably his sister.--17_21; 18_34. + +~Hnæf~.--Leader of a branch of the Danes called Half-Danes. Killed in the +struggle at Finn's castle.--17_19; 17_61. + +~Hondscio~.--One of Beowulf's companions. Killed by Grendel just before +Beowulf grappled with that monster.--30_43. + +~Hoce~.--Father of Hildeburg and probably of Hnæf.--17_26. + +~Hrethel~.--King of the Geats, father of Higelac, and grandfather of +Beowulf.--7_4; 34_39. + +~Hrethla~.--Once used for Hrethel.--7_82. + +~Hrethmen~.--Another name for the Danes.--7_73. + +~Hrethric~.--Son of Hrothgar.--18_65; 27_19. + +[xvi] + +~Hreosna-beorh~.--A promontory in Geat-land, near which Ohthere's sons +made plundering raids.--35_18. + +~Hrothgar~.--The Danish king who built the hall Heort, but was long unable +to enjoy it on account of Grendel's persecutions. Marries Wealhtheow, a +Helming lady. Has two sons and a daughter. Is a typical Teutonic king, +lavish of gifts. A devoted liegelord, as his lamentations over slain +liegemen prove. Also very appreciative of kindness, as is shown by his +loving gratitude to Beowulf.--2_9; 2_12; 4_1; 8_10; 15_1; etc., etc. + +~Hrothmund~.--Son of Hrothgar.--18_65. + +~Hrothulf~.--Probably a son of Halga, younger brother of Hrothgar. +Certainly on terms of close intimacy in Hrothgar's palace.--16_26; 18_57. + +~Hrunting~.--Unferth's sword, lent to Beowulf.--22_71; 25_9. + +~Hugs~.--A race in alliance with the Franks and Frisians at the time of +Higelac's fall.--35_41. + +~Hun~.--A Frisian warrior, probably general of the Hetwars. Gives Hengest +a beautiful sword.--18_19. + +~Hunferth~.--Sometimes used for Unferth. + +~Hygelac~, ~Higelac~.--King of the Geats, uncle and liegelord of Beowulf, +the hero of the poem.--His second wife is the lovely Hygd, daughter of +Hæreth. The son of their union is Heardred. Is slain in a war with the +Hugs, Franks, and Frisians combined. Beowulf is regent, and afterwards +king of the Geats.--4_6; 5_4; 28_34; 29_9; 29_21; 31_56. + +~Hygd~.--Wife of Higelac, and daughter of Hæreth. There are some +indications that she married Beowulf after she became a widow.--28_37. + +~Ingeld~.--Son of the Heathobard king, Froda. Marries Hrothgar's daughter, +Freaware, in order to reconcile the two peoples.--29_62; 30_32. + +~Ingwins~.--Another name for the Danes.--16_52; 20_69. + +~Jutes~.--Name sometimes applied to Finn's people.--17_22; 17_38; 18_17. + +~Lafing~.--Name of a famous sword presented to Hengest by Hun.--18_19. + +~Merewing~.--A Frankish king, probably engaged in the war in which Higelac +was slain.--40_29. + +~Nægling~.--Beowulf's sword.--36_76. + +~Offa~.--King of the Angles, and son of Garmund. Marries the terrible +Thrytho who is so strongly contrasted with Hygd.--28_59; 28_66. + +~Ohthere~.--Son of Ongentheow, king of the Swedes. He is father of Eanmund +and Eadgils.--40_35; 40_39. + +~Onela~.--Brother of Ohthere.--36_15; 40_39. + +~Ongentheow~.--King of Sweden, of the Scylfing dynasty. Married, perhaps, +Elan, daughter of Healfdene.--35_26; 41_16. + +~Oslaf~.--A Dane of Hnæf's party.--18_24. + +~Ravenswood~.--The forest near which Hæthcyn was slain.--40_31; 40_41. + +~Scefing~.--Applied (1_4) to Scyld, and meaning 'son of Scef.' + +[xvii] + +~Scyld~.--Founder of the dynasty to which Hrothgar, his father, and +grandfather belonged. He dies, and his body is put on a vessel, and set +adrift. He goes from Daneland just as he had come to it--in a bark.--1_4; +1_19; 1_27. + +~Scyldings~.--The descendants of Scyld. They are also called +Honor-Scyldings, Victory-Scyldings, War-Scyldings, etc. (See 'Danes,' +above.)--2_1; 7_1; 8_1. + +~Scylfings~.--A Swedish royal line to which Wiglaf belonged.--36_2. + +~Sigemund~.--Son of Wæls, and uncle and father of Fitela. His struggle +with a dragon is related in connection with Beowulf's deeds of +prowess.--14_38; 14_47. + +~Swerting~.--Grandfather of Higelac, and father of Hrethel.--19_11. + +~Swedes~.--People of Sweden, ruled by the Scylfings.--35_13. + +~Thrytho~.--Wife of Offa, king of the Angles. Known for her fierce and +unwomanly disposition. She is introduced as a contrast to the gentle Hygd, +queen of Higelac.--28_42; 28_56. + +~Unferth~.--Son of Ecglaf, and seemingly a confidential courtier of +Hrothgar. Taunts Beowulf for having taken part in the swimming-match. +Lends Beowulf his sword when he goes to look for Grendel's mother. In the +MS. sometimes written _Hunferth_. 9_1; 18_41. + +~Wæls~.--Father of Sigemund.--14_60. + +~Wægmunding~.--A name occasionally applied to Wiglaf and Beowulf, and +perhaps derived from a common ancestor, Wægmund.--36_6; 38_61. + +~Weders~.--Another name for Geats or Wedergeats. + +~Wayland~.--A fabulous smith mentioned in this poem and in other old +Teutonic literature.--7_83. + +~Wendels~.--The people of Wulfgar, Hrothgar's messenger and retainer. +(Perhaps = Vandals.)--6_30. + +~Wealhtheow~.--Wife of Hrothgar. Her queenly courtesy is well shown in the +poem.--10_55. + +~Weohstan~, or ~Wihstan~.--A Wægmunding, and father of Wiglaf.--36_1. + +~Whale's Ness~.--A prominent promontory, on which Beowulf's mound was +built.--38_52; 42_76. + +~Wiglaf~.--Son of Wihstan, and related to Beowulf. He remains faithful to +Beowulf in the fatal struggle with the fire-drake. Would rather die than +leave his lord in his dire emergency.--36_1; 36_3; 36_28. + +~Wonred~.--Father of Wulf and Eofor.--41_20; 41_26. + +~Wulf~.--Son of Wonred. Engaged in the battle between Higelac's and +Ongentheow's forces, and had a hand-to-hand fight with Ongentheow himself. +Ongentheow disables him, and is thereupon slain by Eofor.--41_19; 41_29. + +~Wulfgar~.--Lord of the Wendels, and retainer of Hrothgar.--6_18; 6_30. + +~Wylfings~.--A people to whom belonged Heatholaf, who was slain by +Ecgtheow.--8_6; 8_16. + +~Yrmenlaf~.--Younger brother of Æschere, the hero whose death grieved +Hrothgar so deeply.--21_4. + +[xviii] + + + + +LIST OF WORDS AND PHRASES NOT IN GENERAL USE. + + +ATHELING.--Prince, nobleman. + +BAIRN.--Son, child. + +BARROW.--Mound, rounded hill, funeral-mound. + +BATTLE-SARK.--Armor. + +BEAKER.--Cup, drinking-vessel. + +BEGEAR.--Prepare. + +BIGHT.--Bay, sea. + +BILL.--Sword. + +BOSS.--Ornamental projection. + +BRACTEATE.--A round ornament on a necklace. + +BRAND.--Sword. + +BURN.--Stream. + +BURNIE.--Armor. + +CARLE.--Man, hero. + +EARL.--Nobleman, any brave man. + +EKE.--Also. + +EMPRISE.--Enterprise, undertaking. + +ERST.--Formerly. + +ERST-WORTHY.--Worthy for a long time past. + +FAIN.--Glad. + +FERRY.--Bear, carry. + +FEY.--Fated, doomed. + +FLOAT.--Vessel, ship. + +FOIN.--To lunge (Shaks.). + +GLORY OF KINGS.--God. + +GREWSOME.--Cruel, fierce. + +HEFT.--Handle, hilt; used by synecdoche for 'sword.' + +HELM.--Helmet, protector. + +HENCHMAN.--Retainer, vassal. + +HIGHT.--Am (was) named. + +HOLM.--Ocean, curved surface of the sea. + +HIMSEEMED.--(It) seemed to him. + +LIEF.--Dear, valued. + +MERE.--Sea; in compounds, 'mere-ways,' 'mere-currents,' etc. + +MICKLE.--Much. + +NATHLESS.--Nevertheless. + +NAZE.--Edge (nose). + +NESS.--Edge. + +NICKER.--Sea-beast. + +QUIT, QUITE.--Requite. + +RATHE.--Quickly. + +REAVE.--Bereave, deprive. + +SAIL-ROAD.--Sea. + +SETTLE.--Seat, bench. + +SKINKER.--One who pours. + +SOOTHLY.--Truly. + +SWINGE.--Stroke, blow. + +TARGE, TARGET.--Shield. + +THROUGHLY.--Thoroughly. + +TOLD.--Counted. + +UNCANNY.--Ill-featured, grizzly. + +UNNETHE.--Difficult. + +WAR-SPEED.--Success in war. + +WEB.--Tapestry (that which is 'woven'). + +WEEDED.--Clad (cf. widow's weeds). + +WEEN.--Suppose, imagine. + +WEIRD.--Fate, Providence. + +WHILOM.--At times, formerly, often. + +WIELDER.--Ruler. Often used of God; also in compounds, as 'Wielder of +Glory,' 'Wielder of Worship.' + +WIGHT.--Creature. + +WOLD.--Plane, extended surface. + +WOT.--Knows. + +YOUNKER.--Youth. + +[1] + + + + +BEOWULF. + + + + +I. + +THE LIFE AND DEATH OF SCYLD. + + +{The famous race of Spear-Danes.} + + Lo! the Spear-Danes' glory through splendid achievements + The folk-kings' former fame we have heard of, + How princes displayed then their prowess-in-battle. + +{Scyld, their mighty king, in honor of whom they are often called +Scyldings. He is the great-grandfather of Hrothgar, so prominent in the +poem.} + + Oft Scyld the Scefing from scathers in numbers + 5 From many a people their mead-benches tore. + Since first he found him friendless and wretched, + The earl had had terror: comfort he got for it, + Waxed 'neath the welkin, world-honor gained, + Till all his neighbors o'er sea were compelled to + 10 Bow to his bidding and bring him their tribute: + An excellent atheling! After was borne him + +{A son is born to him, who receives the name of Beowulf--a name afterwards +made so famous by the hero of the poem.} + + A son and heir, young in his dwelling, + Whom God-Father sent to solace the people. + He had marked the misery malice had caused them, + 15 [1]That reaved of their rulers they wretched had erstwhile[2] + Long been afflicted. The Lord, in requital, + Wielder of Glory, with world-honor blessed him. + Famed was Beowulf, far spread the glory + Of Scyld's great son in the lands of the Danemen. + +[2] + +{The ideal Teutonic king lavishes gifts on his vassals.} + + 20 So the carle that is young, by kindnesses rendered + The friends of his father, with fees in abundance + Must be able to earn that when age approacheth + Eager companions aid him requitingly, + When war assaults him serve him as liegemen: + 25 By praise-worthy actions must honor be got + 'Mong all of the races. At the hour that was fated + +{Scyld dies at the hour appointed by Fate.} + + Scyld then departed to the All-Father's keeping + Warlike to wend him; away then they bare him + To the flood of the current, his fond-loving comrades, + 30 As himself he had bidden, while the friend of the Scyldings + Word-sway wielded, and the well-lovèd land-prince + Long did rule them.[3] The ring-stemmèd vessel, + Bark of the atheling, lay there at anchor, + Icy in glimmer and eager for sailing; + +{By his own request, his body is laid on a vessel and wafted seaward.} + + 35 The belovèd leader laid they down there, + Giver of rings, on the breast of the vessel, + The famed by the mainmast. A many of jewels, + Of fretted embossings, from far-lands brought over, + Was placed near at hand then; and heard I not ever + 40 That a folk ever furnished a float more superbly + With weapons of warfare, weeds for the battle, + Bills and burnies; on his bosom sparkled + Many a jewel that with him must travel + On the flush of the flood afar on the current. + 45 And favors no fewer they furnished him soothly, + Excellent folk-gems, than others had given him + +{He leaves Daneland on the breast of a bark.} + + Who when first he was born outward did send him + Lone on the main, the merest of infants: + And a gold-fashioned standard they stretched under heaven +[3] 50 High o'er his head, let the holm-currents bear him, + Seaward consigned him: sad was their spirit, + Their mood very mournful. Men are not able + +{No one knows whither the boat drifted.} + + Soothly to tell us, they in halls who reside,[4] + Heroes under heaven, to what haven he hied. + + [1] For the 'Þæt' of verse 15, Sievers suggests 'Þá' (= which). If + this be accepted, the sentence 'He had ... afflicted' will read: _He_ + (_i.e._ God) _had perceived the malice-caused sorrow which they, + lordless, had formerly long endured_. + + [2] For 'aldor-léase' (15) Gr. suggested 'aldor-ceare': _He perceived + their distress, that they formerly had suffered life-sorrow a long + while_. + + [3] A very difficult passage. 'Áhte' (31) has no object. H. supplies + 'geweald' from the context; and our translation is based upon this + assumption, though it is far from satisfactory. Kl. suggests + 'lændagas' for 'lange': _And the beloved land-prince enjoyed (had) his + transitory days (i.e. lived)_. B. suggests a dislocation; but this is + a dangerous doctrine, pushed rather far by that eminent scholar. + + [4] The reading of the H.-So. text has been quite closely followed; + but some eminent scholars read 'séle-rædenne' for 'sele-rædende.' If + that be adopted, the passage will read: _Men cannot tell us, indeed, + the order of Fate, etc._ 'Sele-rædende' has two things to support it: + (1) v. 1347; (2) it affords a parallel to 'men' in v. 50. + + + + +II. + +SCYLD'S SUCCESSORS.--HROTHGAR'S GREAT MEAD-HALL. + + +{Beowulf succeeds his father Scyld} + + In the boroughs then Beowulf, bairn of the Scyldings, + Belovèd land-prince, for long-lasting season + Was famed mid the folk (his father departed, + The prince from his dwelling), till afterward sprang + 5 Great-minded Healfdene; the Danes in his lifetime + He graciously governed, grim-mooded, agèd. + +{Healfdene's birth.} + + Four bairns of his body born in succession + Woke in the world, war-troopers' leader + Heorogar, Hrothgar, and Halga the good; + 10 Heard I that Elan was Ongentheow's consort, + +{He has three sons--one of them, Hrothgar--and a daughter named Elan. +Hrothgar becomes a mighty king.} + + The well-beloved bedmate of the War-Scylfing leader. + Then glory in battle to Hrothgar was given, + Waxing of war-fame, that willingly kinsmen + Obeyed his bidding, till the boys grew to manhood, + 15 A numerous band. It burned in his spirit + To urge his folk to found a great building, + A mead-hall grander than men of the era + +{He is eager to build a great hall in which he may feast his retainers} + + Ever had heard of, and in it to share + With young and old all of the blessings + 20 The Lord had allowed him, save life and retainers. + Then the work I find afar was assigned +[4] To many races in middle-earth's regions, + To adorn the great folk-hall. In due time it happened + Early 'mong men, that 'twas finished entirely, + 25 The greatest of hall-buildings; Heorot he named it + +{The hall is completed, and is called Heort, or Heorot.} + + Who wide-reaching word-sway wielded 'mong earlmen. + His promise he brake not, rings he lavished, + Treasure at banquet. Towered the hall up + High and horn-crested, huge between antlers: + 30 It battle-waves bided, the blasting fire-demon; + Ere long then from hottest hatred must sword-wrath + Arise for a woman's husband and father. + Then the mighty war-spirit[1] endured for a season, + +{The Monster Grendel is madly envious of the Danemen's joy.} + + Bore it bitterly, he who bided in darkness, + 35 That light-hearted laughter loud in the building + Greeted him daily; there was dulcet harp-music, + Clear song of the singer. He said that was able + +{[The course of the story is interrupted by a short reference to some old +account of the creation.]} + + To tell from of old earthmen's beginnings, + That Father Almighty earth had created, + 40 The winsome wold that the water encircleth, + Set exultingly the sun's and the moon's beams + To lavish their lustre on land-folk and races, + And earth He embellished in all her regions + With limbs and leaves; life He bestowed too + 45 On all the kindreds that live under heaven. + +{The glee of the warriors is overcast by a horrible dread.} + + So blessed with abundance, brimming with joyance, + The warriors abided, till a certain one gan to + Dog them with deeds of direfullest malice, + A foe in the hall-building: this horrible stranger[2] + 50 Was Grendel entitled, the march-stepper famous + Who[3] dwelt in the moor-fens, the marsh and the fastness; + The wan-mooded being abode for a season +[5] In the land of the giants, when the Lord and Creator + Had banned him and branded. For that bitter murder, + 55 The killing of Abel, all-ruling Father + +{Cain is referred to as a progenitor of Grendel, and of monsters in +general.} + + The kindred of Cain crushed with His vengeance; + In the feud He rejoiced not, but far away drove him + From kindred and kind, that crime to atone for, + Meter of Justice. Thence ill-favored creatures, + 60 Elves and giants, monsters of ocean, + Came into being, and the giants that longtime + Grappled with God; He gave them requital. + + [1] R. and t. B. prefer 'ellor-gæst' to 'ellen-gæst' (86): _Then the + stranger from afar endured, etc._ + + [2] Some authorities would translate '_demon_' instead of + '_stranger_.' + + [3] Some authorities arrange differently, and render: _Who dwelt in + the moor-fens, the marsh and the fastness, the land of the + giant-race._ + + + + +III. + +GRENDEL THE MURDERER. + + +{Grendel attacks the sleeping heroes} + + When the sun was sunken, he set out to visit + The lofty hall-building, how the Ring-Danes had used it + For beds and benches when the banquet was over. + Then he found there reposing many a noble + 5 Asleep after supper; sorrow the heroes,[1] + Misery knew not. The monster of evil + Greedy and cruel tarried but little, + +{He drags off thirty of them, and devours them} + + Fell and frantic, and forced from their slumbers + Thirty of thanemen; thence he departed + 10 Leaping and laughing, his lair to return to, + With surfeit of slaughter sallying homeward. + In the dusk of the dawning, as the day was just breaking, + Was Grendel's prowess revealed to the warriors: + +{A cry of agony goes up, when Grendel's horrible deed is fully realized.} + + Then, his meal-taking finished, a moan was uplifted, + 15 Morning-cry mighty. The man-ruler famous, + The long-worthy atheling, sat very woful, + Suffered great sorrow, sighed for his liegemen, +[6] When they had seen the track of the hateful pursuer, + The spirit accursèd: too crushing that sorrow, + +{The monster returns the next night.} + + 20 Too loathsome and lasting. Not longer he tarried, + But one night after continued his slaughter + Shameless and shocking, shrinking but little + From malice and murder; they mastered him fully. + He was easy to find then who otherwhere looked for + 25 A pleasanter place of repose in the lodges, + A bed in the bowers. Then was brought to his notice + Told him truly by token apparent + The hall-thane's hatred: he held himself after + Further and faster who the foeman did baffle. + 30 [2]So ruled he and strongly strove against justice + Lone against all men, till empty uptowered + +{King Hrothgar's agony and suspense last twelve years.} + + The choicest of houses. Long was the season: + Twelve-winters' time torture suffered + The friend of the Scyldings, every affliction, + 35 Endless agony; hence it after[3] became + Certainly known to the children of men + Sadly in measures, that long against Hrothgar + Grendel struggled:--his grudges he cherished, + Murderous malice, many a winter, + 40 Strife unremitting, and peacefully wished he + [4]Life-woe to lift from no liegeman at all of + The men of the Dane-folk, for money to settle, + No counsellor needed count for a moment +[7] On handsome amends at the hands of the murderer; + +{Grendel is unremitting in his persecutions.} + + 45 The monster of evil fiercely did harass, + The ill-planning death-shade, both elder and younger, + Trapping and tricking them. He trod every night then + The mist-covered moor-fens; men do not know where + Witches and wizards wander and ramble. + 50 So the foe of mankind many of evils + Grievous injuries, often accomplished, + Horrible hermit; Heort he frequented, + Gem-bedecked palace, when night-shades had fallen + +{God is against the monster.} + + (Since God did oppose him, not the throne could he touch,[5] + 55 The light-flashing jewel, love of Him knew not). + 'Twas a fearful affliction to the friend of the Scyldings + +{The king and his council deliberate in vain.} + + Soul-crushing sorrow. Not seldom in private + Sat the king in his council; conference held they + What the braves should determine 'gainst terrors unlooked for. + +{They invoke the aid of their gods.} + + 60 At the shrines of their idols often they promised + Gifts and offerings, earnestly prayed they + The devil from hell would help them to lighten + Their people's oppression. Such practice they used then, + Hope of the heathen; hell they remembered + 65 In innermost spirit, God they knew not, + +{The true God they do not know.} + + Judge of their actions, All-wielding Ruler, + No praise could they give the Guardian of Heaven, + The Wielder of Glory. Woe will be his who + Through furious hatred his spirit shall drive to + 70 The clutch of the fire, no comfort shall look for, + Wax no wiser; well for the man who, + Living his life-days, his Lord may face + And find defence in his Father's embrace! + + [1] The translation is based on 'weras,' adopted by H.-So.--K. and Th. + read 'wera' and, arranging differently, render 119(2)-120: _They knew + not sorrow, the wretchedness of man, aught of misfortune_.--For + 'unhælo' (120) R. suggests 'unfælo': _The uncanny creature, greedy and + cruel, etc_. + + [2] S. rearranges and translates: _So he ruled and struggled unjustly, + one against all, till the noblest of buildings stood useless (it was a + long while) twelve years' time: the friend of the Scyldings suffered + distress, every woe, great sorrows, etc_. + + [3] For 'syððan,' B. suggests 'sárcwidum': _Hence in mournful words it + became well known, etc_. Various other words beginning with 's' have + been conjectured. + + [4] The H.-So. glossary is very inconsistent in referring to this + passage.--'Sibbe' (154), which H.-So. regards as an instr., B. takes + as accus., obj. of 'wolde.' Putting a comma after Deniga, he renders: + _He did not desire peace with any of the Danes, nor did he wish to + remove their life-woe, nor to settle for money_. + + [5] Of this difficult passage the following interpretations among + others are given: (1) Though Grendel has frequented Heorot as a demon, + he could not become ruler of the Danes, on account of his hostility to + God. (2) Hrothgar was much grieved that Grendel had not appeared + before his throne to receive presents. (3) He was not permitted to + devastate the hall, on account of the Creator; _i.e._ God wished to + make his visit fatal to him.--Ne ... wisse (169) W. renders: _Nor had + he any desire to do so_; 'his' being obj. gen. = danach. + +[8] + + + + +IV. + +BEOWULF GOES TO HROTHGAR'S ASSISTANCE. + + +{Hrothgar sees no way of escape from the persecutions of Grendel.} + + So Healfdene's kinsman constantly mused on + His long-lasting sorrow; the battle-thane clever + Was not anywise able evils to 'scape from: + Too crushing the sorrow that came to the people, + 5 Loathsome and lasting the life-grinding torture, + +{Beowulf, the Geat, hero of the poem, hears of Hrothgar's sorrow, and +resolves to go to his assistance.} + + Greatest of night-woes. So Higelac's liegeman, + Good amid Geatmen, of Grendel's achievements + Heard in his home:[1] of heroes then living + He was stoutest and strongest, sturdy and noble. + 10 He bade them prepare him a bark that was trusty; + He said he the war-king would seek o'er the ocean, + The folk-leader noble, since he needed retainers. + For the perilous project prudent companions + Chided him little, though loving him dearly; + 15 They egged the brave atheling, augured him glory. + +{With fourteen carefully chosen companions, he sets out for Dane-land.} + + The excellent knight from the folk of the Geatmen + Had liegemen selected, likest to prove them + Trustworthy warriors; with fourteen companions + The vessel he looked for; a liegeman then showed them, + 20 A sea-crafty man, the bounds of the country. + Fast the days fleeted; the float was a-water, + The craft by the cliff. Clomb to the prow then + Well-equipped warriors: the wave-currents twisted + The sea on the sand; soldiers then carried + 25 On the breast of the vessel bright-shining jewels, + Handsome war-armor; heroes outshoved then, + Warmen the wood-ship, on its wished-for adventure. + +[9] + +{The vessel sails like a bird} + + The foamy-necked floater fanned by the breeze, + Likest a bird, glided the waters, + +{In twenty four hours they reach the shores of Hrothgar's dominions} + + 30 Till twenty and four hours thereafter + The twist-stemmed vessel had traveled such distance + That the sailing-men saw the sloping embankments, + The sea cliffs gleaming, precipitous mountains, + Nesses enormous: they were nearing the limits + 35 At the end of the ocean.[2] Up thence quickly + The men of the Weders clomb to the mainland, + Fastened their vessel (battle weeds rattled, + War burnies clattered), the Wielder they thanked + That the ways o'er the waters had waxen so gentle. + +{They are hailed by the Danish coast guard} + + 40 Then well from the cliff edge the guard of the Scyldings + Who the sea-cliffs should see to, saw o'er the gangway + Brave ones bearing beauteous targets, + Armor all ready, anxiously thought he, + Musing and wondering what men were approaching. + 45 High on his horse then Hrothgar's retainer + Turned him to coastward, mightily brandished + His lance in his hands, questioned with boldness. + +{His challenge} + + "Who are ye men here, mail-covered warriors + Clad in your corslets, come thus a-driving + 50 A high riding ship o'er the shoals of the waters, + [3]And hither 'neath helmets have hied o'er the ocean? +[10] I have been strand-guard, standing as warden, + Lest enemies ever anywise ravage + Danish dominions with army of war-ships. + 55 More boldly never have warriors ventured + Hither to come; of kinsmen's approval, + Word-leave of warriors, I ween that ye surely + +{He is struck by Beowulf's appearance.} + + Nothing have known. Never a greater one + Of earls o'er the earth have _I_ had a sight of + 60 Than is one of your number, a hero in armor; + No low-ranking fellow[4] adorned with his weapons, + But launching them little, unless looks are deceiving, + And striking appearance. Ere ye pass on your journey + As treacherous spies to the land of the Scyldings + 65 And farther fare, I fully must know now + What race ye belong to. Ye far-away dwellers, + Sea-faring sailors, my simple opinion + Hear ye and hearken: haste is most fitting + Plainly to tell me what place ye are come from." + + [1] 'From hám' (194) is much disputed. One rendering is: _Beowulf, + being away from home, heard of Hrothgar's troubles, etc_. Another, + that adopted by S. and endorsed in the H.-So. notes, is: _B. heard + from his neighborhood (neighbors),_ i.e. _in his home, etc_. A third + is: _B., being at home, heard this as occurring away from home_. The + H.-So. glossary and notes conflict. + + [2] 'Eoletes' (224) is marked with a (?) by H.-So.; our rendering + simply follows his conjecture.--Other conjectures as to 'eolet' are: + (1) _voyage_, (2) _toil_, _labor_, (3) _hasty journey_. + + [3] The lacuna of the MS at this point has been supplied by various + conjectures. The reading adopted by H.-So. has been rendered in the + above translation. W., like H.-So., makes 'ic' the beginning of a new + sentence, but, for 'helmas bæron,' he reads 'hringed stefnan.' This + has the advantage of giving a parallel to 'brontne ceol' instead of a + kenning for 'go.'--B puts the (?) after 'holmas', and begins a new + sentence at the middle of the line. Translate: _What warriors are ye, + clad in armor, who have thus come bringing the foaming vessel over the + water way, hither over the seas? For some time on the wall I have been + coast guard, etc_. S. endorses most of what B. says, but leaves out + 'on the wall' in the last sentence. If W.'s 'hringed stefnan' be + accepted, change line 51 above to, _A ring-stemmed vessel hither + o'ersea_. + + [4] 'Seld-guma' (249) is variously rendered: (1) _housecarle_; (2) + _home-stayer_; (3) _common man_. Dr. H. Wood suggests _a man-at-arms + in another's house_. + + + + +V. + +THE GEATS REACH HEOROT. + + +{Beowulf courteously replies.} + + The chief of the strangers rendered him answer, + War-troopers' leader, and word-treasure opened: + +{We are Geats.} + + "We are sprung from the lineage of the people of Geatland, + And Higelac's hearth-friends. To heroes unnumbered + +{My father Ecgtheow was well-known in his day.} + + 5 My father was known, a noble head-warrior + Ecgtheow titled; many a winter + He lived with the people, ere he passed on his journey, + Old from his dwelling; each of the counsellors + Widely mid world-folk well remembers him. + +{Our intentions towards King Hrothgar are of the kindest.} + + 10 We, kindly of spirit, the lord of thy people, + The son of King Healfdene, have come here to visit, +[11] Folk-troop's defender: be free in thy counsels! + To the noble one bear we a weighty commission, + The helm of the Danemen; we shall hide, I ween, + +{Is it true that a monster is slaying Danish heroes?} + + 15 Naught of our message. Thou know'st if it happen, + As we soothly heard say, that some savage despoiler, + Some hidden pursuer, on nights that are murky + By deeds very direful 'mid the Danemen exhibits + Hatred unheard of, horrid destruction + 20 And the falling of dead. From feelings least selfish + +{I can help your king to free himself from this horrible creature.} + + I am able to render counsel to Hrothgar, + How he, wise and worthy, may worst the destroyer, + If the anguish of sorrow should ever be lessened,[1] + Comfort come to him, and care-waves grow cooler, + 25 Or ever hereafter he agony suffer + And troublous distress, while towereth upward + The handsomest of houses high on the summit." + +{The coast-guard reminds Beowulf that it is easier to say than to do.} + + Bestriding his stallion, the strand-watchman answered, + The doughty retainer: "The difference surely + 30 'Twixt words and works, the warlike shield-bearer + Who judgeth wisely well shall determine. + This band, I hear, beareth no malice + +{I am satisfied of your good intentions, and shall lead you to the +palace.} + + To the prince of the Scyldings. Pass ye then onward + With weapons and armor. I shall lead you in person; + 35 To my war-trusty vassals command I shall issue + To keep from all injury your excellent vessel, + +{Your boat shall be well cared for during your stay here.} + + Your fresh-tarred craft, 'gainst every opposer + Close by the sea-shore, till the curved-neckèd bark shall + Waft back again the well-beloved hero + 40 O'er the way of the water to Weder dominions. + +{He again compliments Beowulf.} + + To warrior so great 'twill be granted sure + In the storm of strife to stand secure." + Onward they fared then (the vessel lay quiet, + The broad-bosomed bark was bound by its cable, +[12] 45 Firmly at anchor); the boar-signs glistened[2] + Bright on the visors vivid with gilding, + Blaze-hardened, brilliant; the boar acted warden. + The heroes hastened, hurried the liegemen, + +{The land is perhaps rolling.} + + Descended together, till they saw the great palace, + 50 The well-fashioned wassail-hall wondrous and gleaming: + +{Heorot flashes on their view.} + + 'Mid world-folk and kindreds that was widest reputed + Of halls under heaven which the hero abode in; + Its lustre enlightened lands without number. + Then the battle-brave hero showed them the glittering + 55 Court of the bold ones, that they easily thither + Might fare on their journey; the aforementioned warrior + Turning his courser, quoth as he left them: + +{The coast-guard, having discharged his duty, bids them God-speed.} + + "'Tis time I were faring; Father Almighty + Grant you His grace, and give you to journey + 60 Safe on your mission! To the sea I will get me + 'Gainst hostile warriors as warden to stand." + + [1] 'Edwendan' (280) B. takes to be the subs. 'edwenden' (cf. 1775); + and 'bisigu' he takes as gen. sing., limiting 'edwenden': _If + reparation for sorrows is ever to come_. This is supported by t.B. + + [2] Combining the emendations of B. and t.B., we may read: _The + boar-images glistened ... brilliant, protected the life of the + war-mooded man_. They read 'ferh-wearde' (305) and 'gúðmódgum men' + (306). + + + + +VI. + +BEOWULF INTRODUCES HIMSELF AT THE PALACE. + + + The highway glistened with many-hued pebble, + A by-path led the liegemen together. + [1]Firm and hand-locked the war-burnie glistened, + The ring-sword radiant rang 'mid the armor + 5 As the party was approaching the palace together + +{They set their arms and armor against the wall.} + + In warlike equipments. 'Gainst the wall of the building + Their wide-fashioned war-shields they weary did set then, +[13] Battle-shields sturdy; benchward they turned then; + Their battle-sarks rattled, the gear of the heroes; + 10 The lances stood up then, all in a cluster, + The arms of the seamen, ashen-shafts mounted + With edges of iron: the armor-clad troopers + +{A Danish hero asks them whence and why they are come.} + + Were decked with weapons. Then a proud-mooded hero + Asked of the champions questions of lineage: + 15 "From what borders bear ye your battle-shields plated, + Gilded and gleaming, your gray-colored burnies, + Helmets with visors and heap of war-lances?-- + To Hrothgar the king I am servant and liegeman. + 'Mong folk from far-lands found I have never + +{He expresses no little admiration for the strangers.} + + 20 Men so many of mien more courageous. + I ween that from valor, nowise as outlaws, + But from greatness of soul ye sought for King Hrothgar." + +{Beowulf replies.} + + Then the strength-famous earlman answer rendered, + The proud-mooded Wederchief replied to his question, + +{We are Higelac's table-companions, and bear an important commission to +your prince.} + + 25 Hardy 'neath helmet: "Higelac's mates are we; + Beowulf hight I. To the bairn of Healfdene, + The famous folk-leader, I freely will tell + To thy prince my commission, if pleasantly hearing + He'll grant we may greet him so gracious to all men." + 30 Wulfgar replied then (he was prince of the Wendels, + His boldness of spirit was known unto many, + His prowess and prudence): "The prince of the Scyldings, + +{Wulfgar, the thane, says that he will go and ask Hrothgar whether he will +see the strangers.} + + The friend-lord of Danemen, I will ask of thy journey, + The giver of rings, as thou urgest me do it, + 35 The folk-chief famous, and inform thee early + What answer the good one mindeth to render me." + He turned then hurriedly where Hrothgar was sitting, + [2]Old and hoary, his earlmen attending him; + The strength-famous went till he stood at the shoulder + 40 Of the lord of the Danemen, of courteous thanemen + The custom he minded. Wulfgar addressed then + His friendly liegelord: "Folk of the Geatmen + +[14] + +{He thereupon urges his liegelord to receive the visitors courteously.} + + O'er the way of the waters are wafted hither, + Faring from far-lands: the foremost in rank + 45 The battle-champions Beowulf title. + They make this petition: with thee, O my chieftain, + To be granted a conference; O gracious King Hrothgar, + Friendly answer refuse not to give them! + +{Hrothgar, too, is struck with Beowulf's appearance.} + + In war-trappings weeded worthy they seem + 50 Of earls to be honored; sure the atheling is doughty + Who headed the heroes hitherward coming." + + [1] Instead of the punctuation given by H.-So, S. proposed to insert a + comma after 'scír' (322), and to take 'hring-íren' as meaning + 'ring-mail' and as parallel with 'gúð-byrne.' The passage would then + read: _The firm and hand-locked war-burnie shone, bright ring-mail, + rang 'mid the armor, etc_. + + [2] Gr. and others translate 'unhár' by 'bald'; _old and bald_. + + + + +VII. + +HROTHGAR AND BEOWULF. + + +{Hrothgar remembers Beowulf as a youth, and also remembers his father.} + + Hrothgar answered, helm of the Scyldings: + "I remember this man as the merest of striplings. + His father long dead now was Ecgtheow titled, + Him Hrethel the Geatman granted at home his + 5 One only daughter; his battle-brave son + Is come but now, sought a trustworthy friend. + Seafaring sailors asserted it then, + +{Beowulf is reported to have the strength of thirty men.} + + Who valuable gift-gems of the Geatmen[1] carried + As peace-offering thither, that he thirty men's grapple + 10 Has in his hand, the hero-in-battle. + +{God hath sent him to our rescue.} + + The holy Creator usward sent him, + To West-Dane warriors, I ween, for to render + 'Gainst Grendel's grimness gracious assistance: + I shall give to the good one gift-gems for courage. + 15 Hasten to bid them hither to speed them,[2] + To see assembled this circle of kinsmen; + Tell them expressly they're welcome in sooth to + The men of the Danes." To the door of the building + +[15] + +{Wulfgar invites the strangers in.} + + Wulfgar went then, this word-message shouted: + 20 "My victorious liegelord bade me to tell you, + The East-Danes' atheling, that your origin knows he, + And o'er wave-billows wafted ye welcome are hither, + Valiant of spirit. Ye straightway may enter + Clad in corslets, cased in your helmets, + 25 To see King Hrothgar. Here let your battle-boards, + Wood-spears and war-shafts, await your conferring." + The mighty one rose then, with many a liegeman, + An excellent thane-group; some there did await them, + And as bid of the brave one the battle-gear guarded. + 30 Together they hied them, while the hero did guide them, + 'Neath Heorot's roof; the high-minded went then + Sturdy 'neath helmet till he stood in the building. + Beowulf spake (his burnie did glisten, + His armor seamed over by the art of the craftsman): + +{Beowulf salutes Hrothgar, and then proceeds to boast of his youthful +achievements.} + + 35 "Hail thou, Hrothgar! I am Higelac's kinsman + And vassal forsooth; many a wonder + I dared as a stripling. The doings of Grendel, + In far-off fatherland I fully did know of: + Sea-farers tell us, this hall-building standeth, + 40 Excellent edifice, empty and useless + To all the earlmen after evenlight's glimmer + 'Neath heaven's bright hues hath hidden its glory. + This my earls then urged me, the most excellent of them, + Carles very clever, to come and assist thee, + 45 Folk-leader Hrothgar; fully they knew of + +{His fight with the nickers.} + + The strength of my body. Themselves they beheld me + When I came from the contest, when covered with gore + Foes I escaped from, where five[3] I had bound, +[16] The giant-race wasted, in the waters destroying + 50 The nickers by night, bore numberless sorrows, + The Weders avenged (woes had they suffered) + Enemies ravaged; alone now with Grendel + +{He intends to fight Grendel unaided.} + + I shall manage the matter, with the monster of evil, + The giant, decide it. Thee I would therefore + 55 Beg of thy bounty, Bright-Danish chieftain, + Lord of the Scyldings, this single petition: + Not to refuse me, defender of warriors, + Friend-lord of folks, so far have I sought thee, + That _I_ may unaided, my earlmen assisting me, + 60 This brave-mooded war-band, purify Heorot. + I have heard on inquiry, the horrible creature + +{Since the monster uses no weapons,} + + From veriest rashness recks not for weapons; + I this do scorn then, so be Higelac gracious, + My liegelord belovèd, lenient of spirit, + 65 To bear a blade or a broad-fashioned target, + A shield to the onset; only with hand-grip + +{I, too, shall disdain to use any.} + + The foe I must grapple, fight for my life then, + Foeman with foeman; he fain must rely on + The doom of the Lord whom death layeth hold of. + +{Should he crush me, he will eat my companions as he has eaten thy +thanes.} + + 70 I ween he will wish, if he win in the struggle, + To eat in the war-hall earls of the Geat-folk, + Boldly to swallow[4] them, as of yore he did often + The best of the Hrethmen! Thou needest not trouble + A head-watch to give me;[5] he will have me dripping + +[17] + +{In case of my defeat, thou wilt not have the trouble of burying me.} + + 75 And dreary with gore, if death overtake me,[6] + Will bear me off bleeding, biting and mouthing me, + The hermit will eat me, heedless of pity, + Marking the moor-fens; no more wilt thou need then + +{Should I fall, send my armor to my lord, King Higelac.} + + Find me my food.[7] If I fall in the battle, + 80 Send to Higelac the armor that serveth + To shield my bosom, the best of equipments, + Richest of ring-mails; 'tis the relic of Hrethla, + +{Weird is supreme} + + The work of Wayland. Goes Weird as she must go!" + + [1] Some render 'gif-sceattas' by 'tribute.'--'Géata' B. and Th. + emended to 'Géatum.' If this be accepted, change '_of_ the Geatmen' to + '_to_ the Geatmen.' + + [2] If t.B.'s emendation of vv. 386, 387 be accepted, the two lines, + 'Hasten ... kinsmen' will read: _Hasten thou, bid the throng of + kinsmen go into the hall together_. + + [3] For 420 (_b_) and 421 (_a_), B. suggests: Þær ic (on) fífelgeban + ýðde eotena cyn = _where I in the ocean destroyed the + eoten-race_.--t.B. accepts B.'s "brilliant" 'fífelgeban,' omits 'on,' + emends 'cyn' to 'hám,' arranging: Þær ic fífelgeban ýðde, eotena hám = + _where I desolated the ocean, the home of the eotens_.--This would be + better but for changing 'cyn' to 'hám.'--I suggest: Þær ic fífelgeband + (cf. nhd. Bande) ýðde, eotena cyn = _where I conquered the monster + band, the race of the eotens_. This makes no change except to read + '_fífel_' for '_fífe_.' + + [4] 'Unforhte' (444) is much disputed.--H.-So. wavers between adj. and + adv. Gr. and B. take it as an adv. modifying _etan: Will eat the Geats + fearlessly_.--Kl. considers this reading absurd, and proposes + 'anforhte' = timid.--Understanding 'unforhte' as an adj. has this + advantage, viz. that it gives a parallel to 'Geátena leóde': but to + take it as an adv. is more natural. Furthermore, to call the Geats + 'brave' might, at this point, seem like an implied thrust at the + Danes, so long helpless; while to call his own men 'timid' would be + befouling his own nest. + + [5] For 'head-watch,' cf. H.-So. notes and cf. v. 2910.--Th. + translates: _Thou wilt not need my head to hide_ (i.e., thou wilt have + no occasion to bury me, as Grendel will devour me whole).--Simrock + imagines a kind of dead-watch.--Dr. H. Wood suggests: _Thou wilt not + have to bury so much as my head_ (for Grendel will be a thorough + undertaker),--grim humor. + + [6] S. proposes a colon after 'nimeð' (l. 447). This would make no + essential change in the translation. + + [7] Owing to the vagueness of 'feorme' (451), this passage is + variously translated. In our translation, H.-So.'s glossary has been + quite closely followed. This agrees substantially with B.'s + translation (P. and B. XII. 87). R. translates: _Thou needst not take + care longer as to the consumption of my dead body._ 'Líc' is also a + crux here, as it may mean living body or dead body. + + + + +VIII. + +HROTHGAR AND BEOWULF.--_Continued_. + + +{Hrothgar responds.} + + Hrothgar discoursed, helm of the Scyldings: + "To defend our folk and to furnish assistance,[1] + Thou soughtest us hither, good friend Beowulf. + +{Reminiscences of Beowulf's father, Ecgtheow.} + + The fiercest of feuds thy father engaged in, + 5 Heatholaf killed he in hand-to-hand conflict + 'Mid Wilfingish warriors; then the Wederish people + For fear of a feud were forced to disown him. + Thence flying he fled to the folk of the South-Danes, +[18] The race of the Scyldings, o'er the roll of the waters; + 10 I had lately begun then to govern the Danemen, + The hoard-seat of heroes held in my youth, + Rich in its jewels: dead was Heregar, + My kinsman and elder had earth-joys forsaken, + Healfdene his bairn. He was better than I am! + 15 That feud thereafter for a fee I compounded; + O'er the weltering waters to the Wilfings I sent + Ornaments old; oaths did he swear me. + +{Hrothgar recounts to Beowulf the horrors of Grendel's persecutions.} + + It pains me in spirit to any to tell it, + What grief in Heorot Grendel hath caused me, + 20 What horror unlooked-for, by hatred unceasing. + Waned is my war-band, wasted my hall-troop; + Weird hath offcast them to the clutches of Grendel. + God can easily hinder the scather + From deeds so direful. Oft drunken with beer + +{My thanes have made many boasts, but have not executed them.} + + 25 O'er the ale-vessel promised warriors in armor + They would willingly wait on the wassailing-benches + A grapple with Grendel, with grimmest of edges. + Then this mead-hall at morning with murder was reeking, + The building was bloody at breaking of daylight, + 30 The bench-deals all flooded, dripping and bloodied, + The folk-hall was gory: I had fewer retainers, + Dear-beloved warriors, whom death had laid hold of. + +{Sit down to the feast, and give us comfort.} + + Sit at the feast now, thy intents unto heroes,[2] + Thy victor-fame show, as thy spirit doth urge thee!" + +{A bench is made ready for Beowulf and his party.} + + 35 For the men of the Geats then together assembled, + In the beer-hall blithesome a bench was made ready; + There warlike in spirit they went to be seated, + Proud and exultant. A liegeman did service, +[19] Who a beaker embellished bore with decorum, + +{The gleeman sings} + + 40 And gleaming-drink poured. The gleeman sang whilom + +{The heroes all rejoice together.} + + Hearty in Heorot; there was heroes' rejoicing, + A numerous war-band of Weders and Danemen. + + [1] B. and S. reject the reading given in H.-So., and suggested by + Grtvg. B. suggests for 457-458: + + wáere-ryhtum Þú, wine mín Béowulf, + and for ár-stafum úsic sóhtest. + + This means: _From the obligations of clientage, my friend Beowulf, and + for assistance thou hast sought us_.--This gives coherence to + Hrothgar's opening remarks in VIII., and also introduces a new motive + for Beowulf's coming to Hrothgar's aid. + + [2] _Sit now at the feast, and disclose thy purposes to the victorious + heroes, as thy spirit urges_.--Kl. reaches the above translation by + erasing the comma after 'meoto' and reading 'sige-hrèðsecgum.'--There + are other and bolder emendations and suggestions. Of these the boldest + is to regard 'meoto' as a verb (imperative), and read 'on sæl': _Think + upon gayety, etc_.--All the renderings are unsatisfactory, the one + given in our translation involving a zeugma. + + + + +IX. + +UNFERTH TAUNTS BEOWULF. + + +{Unferth, a thane of Hrothgar, is jealous of Beowulf, and undertakes to +twit him.} + + Unferth spoke up, Ecglaf his son, + Who sat at the feet of the lord of the Scyldings, + Opened the jousting (the journey[1] of Beowulf, + Sea-farer doughty, gave sorrow to Unferth + 5 And greatest chagrin, too, for granted he never + That any man else on earth should attain to, + Gain under heaven, more glory than he): + +{Did you take part in a swimming-match with Breca?} + + "Art thou that Beowulf with Breca did struggle, + On the wide sea-currents at swimming contended, + 10 Where to humor your pride the ocean ye tried, + +{'Twas mere folly that actuated you both to risk your lives on the ocean.} + + From vainest vaunting adventured your bodies + In care of the waters? And no one was able + Nor lief nor loth one, in the least to dissuade you + Your difficult voyage; then ye ventured a-swimming, + 15 Where your arms outstretching the streams ye did cover, + The mere-ways measured, mixing and stirring them, + Glided the ocean; angry the waves were, + With the weltering of winter. In the water's possession, + Ye toiled for a seven-night; he at swimming outdid thee, + 20 In strength excelled thee. Then early at morning + On the Heathoremes' shore the holm-currents tossed him, + Sought he thenceward the home of his fathers, + Beloved of his liegemen, the land of the Brondings, + The peace-castle pleasant, where a people he wielded, +[20] 25 Had borough and jewels. The pledge that he made thee + +{Breca outdid you entirely.} + + The son of Beanstan hath soothly accomplished. + Then I ween thou wilt find thee less fortunate issue, + +{Much more will Grendel outdo you, if you vie with him in prowess.} + + Though ever triumphant in onset of battle, + A grim grappling, if Grendel thou darest + 30 For the space of a night near-by to wait for!" + +{Beowulf retaliates.} + + Beowulf answered, offspring of Ecgtheow: + "My good friend Unferth, sure freely and wildly, + +{O friend Unferth, you are fuddled with beer, and cannot talk coherently.} + + Thou fuddled with beer of Breca hast spoken, + Hast told of his journey! A fact I allege it, + 35 That greater strength in the waters I had then, + Ills in the ocean, than any man else had. + We made agreement as the merest of striplings + Promised each other (both of us then were + +{We simply kept an engagement made in early life.} + + Younkers in years) that we yet would adventure + 40 Out on the ocean; it all we accomplished. + While swimming the sea-floods, sword-blade unscabbarded + Boldly we brandished, our bodies expected + To shield from the sharks. He sure was unable + +{He _could_ not excel me, and I _would_ not excel him.} + + To swim on the waters further than I could, + 45 More swift on the waves, nor _would_ I from him go. + Then we two companions stayed in the ocean + +{After five days the currents separated us.} + + Five nights together, till the currents did part us, + The weltering waters, weathers the bleakest, + And nethermost night, and the north-wind whistled + 50 Fierce in our faces; fell were the billows. + The mere fishes' mood was mightily ruffled: + And there against foemen my firm-knotted corslet, + Hand-jointed, hardy, help did afford me; + My battle-sark braided, brilliantly gilded, + +{A horrible sea-beast attacked me, but I slew him.} + + 55 Lay on my bosom. To the bottom then dragged me, + A hateful fiend-scather, seized me and held me, + Grim in his grapple: 'twas granted me, nathless, + To pierce the monster with the point of my weapon, + My obedient blade; battle offcarried + 60 The mighty mere-creature by means of my hand-blow. + + [1] It has been plausibly suggested that 'síð' (in 501 and in 353) + means 'arrival.' If so, translate the bracket: _(the arrival of + Beowulf, the brave seafarer, was a source of great chagrin to Unferth, + etc.)_. + +[21] + + + + +X. + +BEOWULF SILENCES UNFERTH.--GLEE IS HIGH. + + + "So ill-meaning enemies often did cause me + Sorrow the sorest. I served them, in quittance, + +{My dear sword always served me faithfully.} + + With my dear-lovèd sword, as in sooth it was fitting; + They missed the pleasure of feasting abundantly, + 5 Ill-doers evil, of eating my body, + Of surrounding the banquet deep in the ocean; + But wounded with edges early at morning + They were stretched a-high on the strand of the ocean, + +{I put a stop to the outrages of the sea-monsters.} + + Put to sleep with the sword, that sea-going travelers + 10 No longer thereafter were hindered from sailing + The foam-dashing currents. Came a light from the east, + God's beautiful beacon; the billows subsided, + That well I could see the nesses projecting, + +{Fortune helps the brave earl.} + + The blustering crags. Weird often saveth + 15 The undoomed hero if doughty his valor! + But me did it fortune[1] to fell with my weapon + Nine of the nickers. Of night-struggle harder + 'Neath dome of the heaven heard I but rarely, + Nor of wight more woful in the waves of the ocean; + 20 Yet I 'scaped with my life the grip of the monsters, + +{After that escape I drifted to Finland.} + + Weary from travel. Then the waters bare me + To the land of the Finns, the flood with the current, + +{I have never heard of your doing any such bold deeds.} + + The weltering waves. Not a word hath been told me + Of deeds so daring done by thee, Unferth, + 25 And of sword-terror none; never hath Breca + At the play of the battle, nor either of you two, + Feat so fearless performèd with weapons + Glinting and gleaming . . . . . . . . . . . . +[22] . . . . . . . . . . . . I utter no boasting; + +{You are a slayer of brothers, and will suffer damnation, wise as you may +be.} + + 30 Though with cold-blooded cruelty thou killedst thy brothers, + Thy nearest of kin; thou needs must in hell get + Direful damnation, though doughty thy wisdom. + I tell thee in earnest, offspring of Ecglaf, + Never had Grendel such numberless horrors, + 35 The direful demon, done to thy liegelord, + Harrying in Heorot, if thy heart were as sturdy, + +{Had your acts been as brave as your words, Grendel had not ravaged your +land so long.} + + Thy mood as ferocious as thou dost describe them. + He hath found out fully that the fierce-burning hatred, + The edge-battle eager, of all of your kindred, + 40 Of the Victory-Scyldings, need little dismay him: + Oaths he exacteth, not any he spares + +{The monster is not afraid of the Danes,} + + Of the folk of the Danemen, but fighteth with pleasure, + Killeth and feasteth, no contest expecteth + +{but he will soon learn to dread the Geats.} + + From Spear-Danish people. But the prowess and valor + 45 Of the earls of the Geatmen early shall venture + To give him a grapple. He shall go who is able + Bravely to banquet, when the bright-light of morning + +{On the second day, any warrior may go unmolested to the mead-banquet.} + + Which the second day bringeth, the sun in its ether-robes, + O'er children of men shines from the southward!" + 50 Then the gray-haired, war-famed giver of treasure + +{Hrothgar's spirits are revived.} + + Was blithesome and joyous, the Bright-Danish ruler + Expected assistance; the people's protector + +{The old king trusts Beowulf. The heroes are joyful.} + + Heard from Beowulf his bold resolution. + There was laughter of heroes; loud was the clatter, + 55 The words were winsome. Wealhtheow advanced then, + +{Queen Wealhtheow plays the hostess.} + + Consort of Hrothgar, of courtesy mindful, + Gold-decked saluted the men in the building, + And the freeborn woman the beaker presented + +{She offers the cup to her husband first.} + + To the lord of the kingdom, first of the East-Danes, + 60 Bade him be blithesome when beer was a-flowing, + Lief to his liegemen; he lustily tasted + Of banquet and beaker, battle-famed ruler. + The Helmingish lady then graciously circled + 'Mid all the liegemen lesser and greater: + +[23] + +{She gives presents to the heroes.} + + 65 Treasure-cups tendered, till time was afforded + That the decorous-mooded, diademed folk-queen + +{Then she offers the cup to Beowulf, thanking God that aid has come.} + + Might bear to Beowulf the bumper o'errunning; + She greeted the Geat-prince, God she did thank, + Most wise in her words, that her wish was accomplished, + 70 That in any of earlmen she ever should look for + Solace in sorrow. He accepted the beaker, + Battle-bold warrior, at Wealhtheow's giving, + +{Beowulf states to the queen the object of his visit.} + + Then equipped for combat quoth he in measures, + Beowulf spake, offspring of Ecgtheow: + 75 "I purposed in spirit when I mounted the ocean, + +{I determined to do or die.} + + When I boarded my boat with a band of my liegemen, + I would work to the fullest the will of your people + Or in foe's-clutches fastened fall in the battle. + Deeds I shall do of daring and prowess, + 80 Or the last of my life-days live in this mead-hall." + These words to the lady were welcome and pleasing, + The boast of the Geatman; with gold trappings broidered + Went the freeborn folk-queen her fond-lord to sit by. + +{Glee is high.} + + Then again as of yore was heard in the building + 85 Courtly discussion, conquerors' shouting, + Heroes were happy, till Healfdene's son would + Go to his slumber to seek for refreshing; + For the horrid hell-monster in the hall-building knew he + A fight was determined,[2] since the light of the sun they + 90 No longer could see, and lowering darkness + O'er all had descended, and dark under heaven + Shadowy shapes came shying around them. + +{Hrothgar retires, leaving Beowulf in charge of the hall.} + + The liegemen all rose then. One saluted the other, + Hrothgar Beowulf, in rhythmical measures, + 95 Wishing him well, and, the wassail-hall giving + To his care and keeping, quoth he departing: +[24] "Not to any one else have I ever entrusted, + But thee and thee only, the hall of the Danemen, + Since high I could heave my hand and my buckler. + 100 Take thou in charge now the noblest of houses; + Be mindful of honor, exhibiting prowess, + Watch 'gainst the foeman! Thou shalt want no enjoyments, + Survive thou safely adventure so glorious!" + + [1] The repetition of 'hwæðere' (574 and 578) is regarded by some + scholars as a defect. B. suggests 'swá Þær' for the first: _So there + it befell me, etc._ Another suggestion is to change the second + 'hwæðere' into 'swá Þær': _So there I escaped with my life, etc._ + + [2] Kl. suggests a period after 'determined.' This would give the + passage as follows: _Since they no longer could see the light of the + sun, and lowering darkness was down over all, dire under the heavens + shadowy beings came going around them_. + + + + +XI. + +ALL SLEEP SAVE ONE. + + +{Hrothgar retires.} + + Then Hrothgar departed, his earl-throng attending him, + Folk-lord of Scyldings, forth from the building; + The war-chieftain wished then Wealhtheow to look for, + The queen for a bedmate. To keep away Grendel + +{God has provided a watch for the hall.} + + 5 The Glory of Kings had given a hall-watch, + As men heard recounted: for the king of the Danemen + He did special service, gave the giant a watcher: + And the prince of the Geatmen implicitly trusted + +{Beowulf is self-confident} + + His warlike strength and the Wielder's protection. + +{He prepares for rest.} + + 10 His armor of iron off him he did then, + His helmet from his head, to his henchman committed + His chased-handled chain-sword, choicest of weapons, + And bade him bide with his battle-equipments. + The good one then uttered words of defiance, + 15 Beowulf Geatman, ere his bed he upmounted: + +{Beowulf boasts of his ability to cope with Grendel.} + + "I hold me no meaner in matters of prowess, + In warlike achievements, than Grendel does himself; + Hence I seek not with sword-edge to sooth him to slumber, + Of life to bereave him, though well I am able. + +{We will fight with nature's weapons only.} + + 20 No battle-skill[1] has he, that blows he should strike me, + To shatter my shield, though sure he is mighty +[25] In strife and destruction; but struggling by night we + Shall do without edges, dare he to look for + Weaponless warfare, and wise-mooded Father + 25 The glory apportion, God ever-holy, + +{God may decide who shall conquer} + + On which hand soever to him seemeth proper." + Then the brave-mooded hero bent to his slumber, + The pillow received the cheek of the noble; + +{The Geatish warriors lie down.} + + And many a martial mere-thane attending + 30 Sank to his slumber. Seemed it unlikely + +{They thought it very unlikely that they should ever see their homes +again.} + + That ever thereafter any should hope to + Be happy at home, hero-friends visit + Or the lordly troop-castle where he lived from his childhood; + They had heard how slaughter had snatched from the wine-hall, + 35 Had recently ravished, of the race of the Scyldings + +{But God raised up a deliverer.} + + Too many by far. But the Lord to them granted + The weaving of war-speed, to Wederish heroes + Aid and comfort, that every opponent + By one man's war-might they worsted and vanquished, + +{God rules the world.} + + 40 By the might of himself; the truth is established + That God Almighty hath governed for ages + Kindreds and nations. A night very lurid + +{Grendel comes to Heorot.} + + The trav'ler-at-twilight came tramping and striding. + The warriors were sleeping who should watch the horned-building, + +{Only one warrior is awake.} + + 45 One only excepted. 'Mid earthmen 'twas 'stablished, + Th' implacable foeman was powerless to hurl them + To the land of shadows, if the Lord were unwilling; + But serving as warder, in terror to foemen, + He angrily bided the issue of battle.[2] + + [1] Gr. understood 'gódra' as meaning 'advantages in battle.' This + rendering H.-So. rejects. The latter takes the passage as meaning that + Grendel, though mighty and formidable, has no skill in the art of war. + + [2] B. in his masterly articles on Beowulf (P. and B. XII.) rejects + the division usually made at this point, 'Þá.' (711), usually rendered + 'then,' he translates 'when,' and connects its clause with the + foregoing sentence. These changes he makes to reduce the number of + 'cóm's' as principal verbs. (Cf. 703, 711, 721.) With all deference to + this acute scholar, I must say that it seems to me that the poet is + exhausting his resources to bring out clearly the supreme event on + which the whole subsequent action turns. First, he (Grendel) came _in + the wan night_; second, he came _from the moor_; third, he came _to + the hall_. Time, place from which, place to which, are all given. + +[26] + + + + +XII. + +GRENDEL AND BEOWULF. + + +{Grendel comes from the fens.} + + 'Neath the cloudy cliffs came from the moor then + Grendel going, God's anger bare he. + The monster intended some one of earthmen + In the hall-building grand to entrap and make way with: + +{He goes towards the joyous building.} + + 5 He went under welkin where well he knew of + The wine-joyous building, brilliant with plating, + Gold-hall of earthmen. Not the earliest occasion + +{This was not his first visit there.} + + He the home and manor of Hrothgar had sought: + Ne'er found he in life-days later nor earlier + 10 Hardier hero, hall-thanes[1] more sturdy! + Then came to the building the warrior marching, + +{His horrid fingers tear the door open.} + + Bereft of his joyance. The door quickly opened + On fire-hinges fastened, when his fingers had touched it; + The fell one had flung then--his fury so bitter-- + 15 Open the entrance. Early thereafter + The foeman trod the shining hall-pavement, + +{He strides furiously into the hall.} + + Strode he angrily; from the eyes of him glimmered + A lustre unlovely likest to fire. + He beheld in the hall the heroes in numbers, + 20 A circle of kinsmen sleeping together, + +{He exults over his supposed prey.} + + A throng of thanemen: then his thoughts were exultant, + He minded to sunder from each of the thanemen + The life from his body, horrible demon, + Ere morning came, since fate had allowed him + +{Fate has decreed that he shall devour no more heroes. Beowulf suffers +from suspense.} + + 25 The prospect of plenty. Providence willed not + To permit him any more of men under heaven + To eat in the night-time. Higelac's kinsman + Great sorrow endured how the dire-mooded creature +[27] In unlooked-for assaults were likely to bear him. + 30 No thought had the monster of deferring the matter, + +{Grendel immediately seizes a sleeping warrior, and devours him.} + + But on earliest occasion he quickly laid hold of + A soldier asleep, suddenly tore him, + Bit his bone-prison, the blood drank in currents, + Swallowed in mouthfuls: he soon had the dead man's + 35 Feet and hands, too, eaten entirely. + Nearer he strode then, the stout-hearted warrior + +{Beowulf and Grendel grapple.} + + Snatched as he slumbered, seizing with hand-grip, + Forward the foeman foined with his hand; + Caught he quickly the cunning deviser, + 40 On his elbow he rested. This early discovered + The master of malice, that in middle-earth's regions, + 'Neath the whole of the heavens, no hand-grapple greater + +{The monster is amazed at Beowulf's strength.} + + In any man else had he ever encountered: + Fearful in spirit, faint-mooded waxed he, + 45 Not off could betake him; death he was pondering, + +{He is anxious to flee.} + + Would fly to his covert, seek the devils' assembly: + His calling no more was the same he had followed + Long in his lifetime. The liege-kinsman worthy + +{Beowulf recalls his boast of the evening, and determines to fulfil it.} + + Of Higelac minded his speech of the evening, + 50 Stood he up straight and stoutly did seize him. + His fingers crackled; the giant was outward, + The earl stepped farther. The famous one minded + To flee away farther, if he found an occasion, + And off and away, avoiding delay, + 55 To fly to the fen-moors; he fully was ware of + The strength of his grapple in the grip of the foeman. + +{'Twas a luckless day for Grendel.} + + 'Twas an ill-taken journey that the injury-bringing, + Harrying harmer to Heorot wandered: + +{The hall groans.} + + The palace re-echoed; to all of the Danemen, + 60 Dwellers in castles, to each of the bold ones, + Earlmen, was terror. Angry they both were, + Archwarders raging.[2] Rattled the building; +[28] 'Twas a marvellous wonder that the wine-hall withstood then + The bold-in-battle, bent not to earthward, + 65 Excellent earth-hall; but within and without it + Was fastened so firmly in fetters of iron, + By the art of the armorer. Off from the sill there + Bent mead-benches many, as men have informed me, + Adorned with gold-work, where the grim ones did struggle. + 70 The Scylding wise men weened ne'er before + That by might and main-strength a man under heaven + Might break it in pieces, bone-decked, resplendent, + Crush it by cunning, unless clutch of the fire + In smoke should consume it. The sound mounted upward + +{Grendel's cries terrify the Danes.} + + 75 Novel enough; on the North Danes fastened + A terror of anguish, on all of the men there + Who heard from the wall the weeping and plaining, + The song of defeat from the foeman of heaven, + Heard him hymns of horror howl, and his sorrow + 80 Hell-bound bewailing. He held him too firmly + Who was strongest of main-strength of men of that era. + + [1] B. and t.B. emend so as to make lines 9 and 10 read: _Never in his + life, earlier or later, had he, the hell-thane, found a braver + hero_.--They argue that Beowulf's companions had done nothing to merit + such encomiums as the usual readings allow them. + + [2] For 'réðe rén-weardas' (771), t.B. suggests 'réðe, rénhearde.' + Translate: _They were both angry, raging and mighty_. + + + + +XIII. + +GRENDEL IS VANQUISHED. + + +{Beowulf has no idea of letting Grendel live.} + + For no cause whatever would the earlmen's defender + Leave in life-joys the loathsome newcomer, + He deemed his existence utterly useless + To men under heaven. Many a noble + 5 Of Beowulf brandished his battle-sword old, + Would guard the life of his lord and protector, + The far-famous chieftain, if able to do so; + While waging the warfare, this wist they but little, + Brave battle-thanes, while his body intending + +{No weapon would harm Grendel; he bore a charmed life.} + + 10 To slit into slivers, and seeking his spirit: + That the relentless foeman nor finest of weapons + Of all on the earth, nor any of war-bills +[29] Was willing to injure; but weapons of victory + Swords and suchlike he had sworn to dispense with. + 15 His death at that time must prove to be wretched, + And the far-away spirit widely should journey + Into enemies' power. This plainly he saw then + Who with mirth[1] of mood malice no little + Had wrought in the past on the race of the earthmen + 20 (To God he was hostile), that his body would fail him, + But Higelac's hardy henchman and kinsman + Held him by the hand; hateful to other + +{Grendel is sorely wounded.} + + Was each one if living. A body-wound suffered + The direful demon, damage incurable + +{His body bursts.} + + 25 Was seen on his shoulder, his sinews were shivered, + His body did burst. To Beowulf was given + Glory in battle; Grendel from thenceward + Must flee and hide him in the fen-cliffs and marshes, + Sick unto death, his dwelling must look for + 30 Unwinsome and woful; he wist the more fully + +{The monster flees away to hide in the moors.} + + The end of his earthly existence was nearing, + His life-days' limits. At last for the Danemen, + When the slaughter was over, their wish was accomplished. + The comer-from-far-land had cleansed then of evil, + 35 Wise and valiant, the war-hall of Hrothgar, + Saved it from violence. He joyed in the night-work, + In repute for prowess; the prince of the Geatmen + For the East-Danish people his boast had accomplished, + Bettered their burdensome bale-sorrows fully, + 40 The craft-begot evil they erstwhile had suffered + And were forced to endure from crushing oppression, + Their manifold misery. 'Twas a manifest token, + +{Beowulf suspends Grendel's hand and arm in Heorot.} + + When the hero-in-battle the hand suspended, + The arm and the shoulder (there was all of the claw + 45 Of Grendel together) 'neath great-stretching hall-roof. + + [1] It has been proposed to translate 'myrðe' by _with sorrow_; but + there seems no authority for such a rendering. To the present + translator, the phrase 'módes myrðe' seems a mere padding for + _gladly_; i.e., _he who gladly harassed mankind_. + +[30] + + + + +XIV. + +REJOICING OF THE DANES. + + +{At early dawn, warriors from far and near come together to hear of the +night's adventures.} + + In the mist of the morning many a warrior + Stood round the gift-hall, as the story is told me: + Folk-princes fared then from far and from near + Through long-stretching journeys to look at the wonder, + 5 The footprints of the foeman. Few of the warriors + +{Few warriors lamented Grendel's destruction.} + + Who gazed on the foot-tracks of the inglorious creature + His parting from life pained very deeply, + How, weary in spirit, off from those regions + In combats conquered he carried his traces, + 10 Fated and flying, to the flood of the nickers. + +{Grendel's blood dyes the waters.} + + There in bloody billows bubbled the currents, + The angry eddy was everywhere mingled + And seething with gore, welling with sword-blood;[1] + He death-doomed had hid him, when reaved of his joyance + 15 He laid down his life in the lair he had fled to, + His heathenish spirit, where hell did receive him. + Thence the friends from of old backward turned them, + And many a younker from merry adventure, + Striding their stallions, stout from the seaward, + 20 Heroes on horses. There were heard very often + +{Beowulf is the hero of the hour.} + + Beowulf's praises; many often asserted + That neither south nor north, in the circuit of waters, + +{He is regarded as a probable successor to Hrothgar.} + + O'er outstretching earth-plain, none other was better + 'Mid bearers of war-shields, more worthy to govern, + 25 'Neath the arch of the ether. Not any, however, + 'Gainst the friend-lord muttered, mocking-words uttered + +{But no word is uttered to derogate from the old king} + + Of Hrothgar the gracious (a good king he). + Oft the famed ones permitted their fallow-skinned horses +[31] To run in rivalry, racing and chasing, + 30 Where the fieldways appeared to them fair and inviting, + Known for their excellence; oft a thane of the folk-lord,[2] + +{The gleeman sings the deeds of heroes.} + + [3]A man of celebrity, mindful of rhythms, + Who ancient traditions treasured in memory, + New word-groups found properly bound: + 35 The bard after 'gan then Beowulf's venture + +{He sings in alliterative measures of Beowulf's prowess.} + + Wisely to tell of, and words that were clever + To utter skilfully, earnestly speaking, + Everything told he that he heard as to Sigmund's + +{Also of Sigemund, who has slain a great fire-dragon.} + + Mighty achievements, many things hidden, + 40 The strife of the Wælsing, the wide-going ventures + The children of men knew of but little, + The feud and the fury, but Fitela with him, + When suchlike matters he minded to speak of, + Uncle to nephew, as in every contention + 45 Each to other was ever devoted: + A numerous host of the race of the scathers + They had slain with the sword-edge. To Sigmund accrued then + No little of glory, when his life-days were over, + Since he sturdy in struggle had destroyed the great dragon, + 50 The hoard-treasure's keeper; 'neath the hoar-grayish stone he, + The son of the atheling, unaided adventured + The perilous project; not present was Fitela, + Yet the fortune befell him of forcing his weapon + Through the marvellous dragon, that it stood in the wall, + 55 Well-honored weapon; the worm was slaughtered. + The great one had gained then by his glorious achievement + To reap from the ring-hoard richest enjoyment, +[32] As best it did please him: his vessel he loaded, + Shining ornaments on the ship's bosom carried, + 60 Kinsman of Wæls: the drake in heat melted. + +{Sigemund was widely famed.} + + He was farthest famed of fugitive pilgrims, + Mid wide-scattered world-folk, for works of great prowess, + War-troopers' shelter: hence waxed he in honor.[4] + +{Heremod, an unfortunate Danish king, is introduced by way of contrast.} + + Afterward Heremod's hero-strength failed him, + 65 His vigor and valor. 'Mid venomous haters + To the hands of foemen he was foully delivered, + Offdriven early. Agony-billows + +{Unlike Sigemund and Beowulf, Heremod was a burden to his people.} + + Oppressed him too long, to his people he became then, + To all the athelings, an ever-great burden; + 70 And the daring one's journey in days of yore + Many wise men were wont to deplore, + Such as hoped he would bring them help in their sorrow, + That the son of their ruler should rise into power, + Holding the headship held by his fathers, + 75 Should govern the people, the gold-hoard and borough, + The kingdom of heroes, the realm of the Scyldings. + +{Beowulf is an honor to his race.} + + He to all men became then far more beloved, + Higelac's kinsman, to kindreds and races, + To his friends much dearer; him malice assaulted.-- + +{The story is resumed.} + + 80 Oft running and racing on roadsters they measured + The dun-colored highways. Then the light of the morning + Was hurried and hastened. Went henchmen in numbers + To the beautiful building, bold ones in spirit, + To look at the wonder; the liegelord himself then + 85 From his wife-bower wending, warden of treasures, + Glorious trod with troopers unnumbered, + Famed for his virtues, and with him the queen-wife + Measured the mead-ways, with maidens attending. + + [1] S. emends, suggesting 'déop' for 'déog,' and removing semicolon + after 'wéol.' The two half-lines 'welling ... hid him' would then + read: _The bloody deep welled with sword-gore_. B. accepts 'déop' for + 'déog,' but reads 'déað-fæges': _The deep boiled with the sword-gore + of the death-doomed one_. + + [2] Another and quite different rendering of this passage is as + follows: _Oft a liegeman of the king, a fame-covered man mindful of + songs, who very many ancient traditions remembered (he found other + word-groups accurately bound together) began afterward to tell of + Beowulf's adventure, skilfully to narrate it, etc_. + + [3] Might 'guma gilp-hladen' mean 'a man laden with boasts of the + deeds of others'? + + [4] t.B. accepts B.'s 'hé þæs áron þáh' as given by H.-So., but puts a + comma after 'þáh,' and takes 'siððan' as introducing a dependent + clause: _He throve in honor since Heremod's strength ... had + decreased_. + +[33] + + + + +XV. + +HROTHGAR'S GRATITUDE. + + + Hrothgar discoursed (to the hall-building went he, + He stood by the pillar,[1] saw the steep-rising hall-roof + Gleaming with gold-gems, and Grendel his hand there): + +{Hrothgar gives thanks for the overthrow of the monster.} + + "For the sight we behold now, thanks to the Wielder + 5 Early be offered! Much evil I bided, + Snaring from Grendel:[2] God can e'er 'complish + Wonder on wonder, Wielder of Glory! + +{I had given up all hope, when this brave liegeman came to our aid.} + + But lately I reckoned ne'er under heaven + Comfort to gain me for any of sorrows, + 10 While the handsomest of houses horrid with bloodstain + Gory uptowered; grief had offfrightened[3] + Each of the wise ones who weened not that ever + The folk-troop's defences 'gainst foes they should strengthen, + 'Gainst sprites and monsters. Through the might of the Wielder + 15 A doughty retainer hath a deed now accomplished + Which erstwhile we all with our excellent wisdom + +{If his mother yet liveth, well may she thank God for this son.} + + Failed to perform. May affirm very truly + What woman soever in all of the nations + Gave birth to the child, if yet she surviveth, + 20 That the long-ruling Lord was lavish to herward + In the birth of the bairn. Now, Beowulf dear, + +{Hereafter, Beowulf, thou shalt be my son.} + + Most excellent hero, I'll love thee in spirit + As bairn of my body; bear well henceforward + The relationship new. No lack shall befall thee + 25 Of earth-joys any I ever can give thee. + Full often for lesser service I've given +[34] Hero less hardy hoard-treasure precious, + +{Thou hast won immortal distinction.} + + To a weaker in war-strife. By works of distinction + Thou hast gained for thyself now that thy glory shall flourish + 30 Forever and ever. The All-Ruler quite thee + With good from His hand as He hitherto did thee!" + +{Beowulf replies: I was most happy to render thee this service.} + + Beowulf answered, Ecgtheow's offspring: + "That labor of glory most gladly achieved we, + The combat accomplished, unquailing we ventured + 35 The enemy's grapple; I would grant it much rather + Thou wert able to look at the creature in person, + Faint unto falling, the foe in his trappings! + On murder-bed quickly I minded to bind him, + With firm-holding fetters, that forced by my grapple + 40 Low he should lie in life-and-death struggle + 'Less his body escape; I was wholly unable, + +{I could not keep the monster from escaping, as God did not will that I +should.} + + Since God did not will it, to keep him from going, + Not held him that firmly, hated opposer; + Too swift was the foeman. Yet safety regarding + 45 He suffered his hand behind him to linger, + His arm and shoulder, to act as watcher; + +{He left his hand and arm behind.} + + No shadow of solace the woe-begone creature + Found him there nathless: the hated destroyer + Liveth no longer, lashed for his evils, + 50 But sorrow hath seized him, in snare-meshes hath him + Close in its clutches, keepeth him writhing + In baleful bonds: there banished for evil + The man shall wait for the mighty tribunal, + +{God will give him his deserts.} + + How the God of glory shall give him his earnings." + 55 Then the soldier kept silent, son of old Ecglaf, + +{Unferth has nothing more to say, for Beowulf's actions speak louder than +words.} + + From boasting and bragging of battle-achievements, + Since the princes beheld there the hand that depended + 'Neath the lofty hall-timbers by the might of the nobleman, + Each one before him, the enemy's fingers; + 60 Each finger-nail strong steel most resembled, + The heathen one's hand-spur, the hero-in-battle's + Claw most uncanny; quoth they agreeing, + +[35] + +{No sword will harm the monster.} + + That not any excellent edges of brave ones + Was willing to touch him, the terrible creature's + 65 Battle-hand bloody to bear away from him. + + [1] B. and t.B. read 'staþole,' and translate _stood on the floor_. + + [2] For 'snaring from Grendel,' 'sorrows at Grendel's hands' has been + suggested. This gives a parallel to 'láðes.' 'Grynna' may well be gen. + pl. of 'gyrn,' by a scribal slip. + + [3] The H.-So punctuation has been followed; but B. has been followed + in understanding 'gehwylcne' as object of 'wíd-scofen (hæfde).' Gr. + construes 'wéa' as nom abs. + + + + +XVI. + +HROTHGAR LAVISHES GIFTS UPON HIS DELIVERER. + + +{Heorot is adorned with hands.} + + Then straight was ordered that Heorot inside[1] + With hands be embellished: a host of them gathered, + Of men and women, who the wassailing-building + The guest-hall begeared. Gold-flashing sparkled + 5 Webs on the walls then, of wonders a many + To each of the heroes that look on such objects. + +{The hall is defaced, however.} + + The beautiful building was broken to pieces + Which all within with irons was fastened, + Its hinges torn off: only the roof was + 10 Whole and uninjured when the horrible creature + Outlawed for evil off had betaken him, + Hopeless of living. 'Tis hard to avoid it + +{[A vague passage of five verses.]} + + (Whoever will do it!); but he doubtless must come to[2] + The place awaiting, as Wyrd hath appointed, + 15 Soul-bearers, earth-dwellers, earls under heaven, + Where bound on its bed his body shall slumber + +{Hrothgar goes to the banquet.} + + When feasting is finished. Full was the time then + That the son of Healfdene went to the building; +[36] The excellent atheling would eat of the banquet. + 20 Ne'er heard I that people with hero-band larger + Bare them better tow'rds their bracelet-bestower. + The laden-with-glory stooped to the bench then + (Their kinsmen-companions in plenty were joyful, + Many a cupful quaffing complaisantly), + 25 Doughty of spirit in the high-tow'ring palace, + +{Hrothgar's nephew, Hrothulf, is present.} + + Hrothgar and Hrothulf. Heorot then inside + Was filled with friendly ones; falsehood and treachery + The Folk-Scyldings now nowise did practise. + +{Hrothgar lavishes gifts upon Beowulf.} + + Then the offspring of Healfdene offered to Beowulf + 30 A golden standard, as reward for the victory, + A banner embossed, burnie and helmet; + Many men saw then a song-famous weapon + Borne 'fore the hero. Beowulf drank of + The cup in the building; that treasure-bestowing + 35 He needed not blush for in battle-men's presence. + +{Four handsomer gifts were never presented.} + + Ne'er heard I that many men on the ale-bench + In friendlier fashion to their fellows presented + Four bright jewels with gold-work embellished. + 'Round the roof of the helmet a head-guarder outside + 40 Braided with wires, with bosses was furnished, + That swords-for-the-battle fight-hardened might fail + Boldly to harm him, when the hero proceeded + +{Hrothgar commands that eight finely caparisoned steeds be brought to +Beowulf.} + + Forth against foemen. The defender of earls then + Commanded that eight steeds with bridles + 45 Gold-plated, gleaming, be guided to hallward, + Inside the building; on one of them stood then + An art-broidered saddle embellished with jewels; + 'Twas the sovereign's seat, when the son of King Healfdene + Was pleased to take part in the play of the edges; + 50 The famous one's valor ne'er failed at the front when + Slain ones were bowing. And to Beowulf granted + The prince of the Ingwins, power over both, + O'er war-steeds and weapons; bade him well to enjoy them. + In so manly a manner the mighty-famed chieftain, +[37] 55 Hoard-ward of heroes, with horses and jewels + War-storms requited, that none e'er condemneth + Who willeth to tell truth with full justice. + + [1] Kl. suggests 'hroden' for 'háten,' and renders: _Then quickly was + Heorot adorned within, with hands bedecked_.--B. suggests 'gefrætwon' + instead of 'gefrætwod,' and renders: _Then was it commanded to adorn + Heorot within quickly with hands_.--The former has the advantage of + affording a parallel to 'gefrætwod': both have the disadvantage of + altering the text. + + [2] The passage 1005-1009 seems to be hopeless. One difficult point is + to find a subject for 'gesacan.' Some say 'he'; others supply 'each,' + _i.e., every soul-bearer ... must gain the inevitable place_. The + genitives in this case are partitive.--If 'he' be subj., the genitives + are dependent on 'gearwe' (= prepared).--The 'he' itself is disputed, + some referring it to Grendel; but B. takes it as involved in the + parenthesis. + + + + +XVII. + +BANQUET (_continued_).--THE SCOP'S SONG OF FINN AND HNÆF. + + +{Each of Beowulf's companions receives a costly gift.} + + And the atheling of earlmen to each of the heroes + Who the ways of the waters went with Beowulf, + A costly gift-token gave on the mead-bench, + Offered an heirloom, and ordered that that man + +{The warrior killed by Grendel is to be paid for in gold.} + + 5 With gold should be paid for, whom Grendel had erstwhile + Wickedly slaughtered, as he more of them had done + Had far-seeing God and the mood of the hero + The fate not averted: the Father then governed + All of the earth-dwellers, as He ever is doing; + 10 Hence insight for all men is everywhere fittest, + Forethought of spirit! much he shall suffer + Of lief and of loathsome who long in this present + Useth the world in this woful existence. + There was music and merriment mingling together + +{Hrothgar's scop recalls events in the reign of his lord's father.} + + 15 Touching Healfdene's leader; the joy-wood was fingered, + Measures recited, when the singer of Hrothgar + On mead-bench should mention the merry hall-joyance + Of the kinsmen of Finn, when onset surprised them: + +{Hnæf, the Danish general, is treacherously attacked while staying at +Finn's castle.} + + "The Half-Danish hero, Hnæf of the Scyldings, + 20 On the field of the Frisians was fated to perish. + Sure Hildeburg needed not mention approving + The faith of the Jutemen: though blameless entirely, + +{Queen Hildeburg is not only wife of Finn, but a kinswoman of the murdered +Hnæf.} + + When shields were shivered she was shorn of her darlings, + Of bairns and brothers: they bent to their fate + 25 With war-spear wounded; woe was that woman. + Not causeless lamented the daughter of Hoce + The decree of the Wielder when morning-light came and + She was able 'neath heaven to behold the destruction +[38] Of brothers and bairns, where the brightest of earth-joys + +{Finn's force is almost exterminated.} + + 30 She had hitherto had: all the henchmen of Finn + War had offtaken, save a handful remaining, + That he nowise was able to offer resistance[1] + +{Hengest succeeds Hnæf as Danish general.} + + To the onset of Hengest in the parley of battle, + Nor the wretched remnant to rescue in war from + 35 The earl of the atheling; but they offered conditions, + +{Compact between the Frisians and the Danes.} + + Another great building to fully make ready, + A hall and a high-seat, that half they might rule with + The sons of the Jutemen, and that Folcwalda's son would + Day after day the Danemen honor + 40 When gifts were giving, and grant of his ring-store + To Hengest's earl-troop ever so freely, + Of his gold-plated jewels, as he encouraged the Frisians + +{Equality of gifts agreed on.} + + On the bench of the beer-hall. On both sides they swore then + A fast-binding compact; Finn unto Hengest + 45 With no thought of revoking vowed then most solemnly + The woe-begone remnant well to take charge of, + His Witan advising; the agreement should no one + By words or works weaken and shatter, + By artifice ever injure its value, + 50 Though reaved of their ruler their ring-giver's slayer + They followed as vassals, Fate so requiring: + +{No one shall refer to old grudges.} + + Then if one of the Frisians the quarrel should speak of + In tones that were taunting, terrible edges + Should cut in requital. Accomplished the oath was, + 55 And treasure of gold from the hoard was uplifted. + +{Danish warriors are burned on a funeral-pyre.} + + The best of the Scylding braves was then fully + Prepared for the pile; at the pyre was seen clearly + The blood-gory burnie, the boar with his gilding, + The iron-hard swine, athelings many + 60 Fatally wounded; no few had been slaughtered. + Hildeburg bade then, at the burning of Hnæf, + +[39] + +{Queen Hildeburg has her son burnt along with Hnæf.} + + The bairn of her bosom to bear to the fire, + That his body be burned and borne to the pyre. + The woe-stricken woman wept on his shoulder,[2] + 65 In measures lamented; upmounted the hero.[3] + The greatest of dead-fires curled to the welkin, + On the hill's-front crackled; heads were a-melting, + Wound-doors bursting, while the blood was a-coursing + From body-bite fierce. The fire devoured them, + 70 Greediest of spirits, whom war had offcarried + From both of the peoples; their bravest were fallen. + + [1] For 1084, R. suggests 'wiht Hengeste wið gefeohtan.'--K. suggests + 'wið Hengeste wiht gefeohtan.' Neither emendation would make any + essential change in the translation. + + [2] The separation of adjective and noun by a phrase (cf. v. 1118) + being very unusual, some scholars have put 'earme on eaxle' with the + foregoing lines, inserting a semicolon after 'eaxle.' In this case 'on + eaxe' (_i.e._, on the ashes, cinders) is sometimes read, and this + affords a parallel to 'on bæl.' Let us hope that a satisfactory + rendering shall yet be reached without resorting to any tampering with + the text, such as Lichtenheld proposed: 'earme ides on eaxle + gnornode.' + + [3] For 'gúð-rinc,' 'gúð-réc,' _battle-smoke_, has been suggested. + + + + +XVIII. + +THE FINN EPISODE (_continued_).--THE BANQUET CONTINUES. + + +{The survivors go to Friesland, the home of Finn.} + + "Then the warriors departed to go to their dwellings, + Reaved of their friends, Friesland to visit, + Their homes and high-city. Hengest continued + +{Hengest remains there all winter, unable to get away.} + + Biding with Finn the blood-tainted winter, + 5 Wholly unsundered;[1] of fatherland thought he + Though unable to drive the ring-stemmèd vessel +[40] O'er the ways of the waters; the wave-deeps were tossing, + Fought with the wind; winter in ice-bonds + Closed up the currents, till there came to the dwelling + 10 A year in its course, as yet it revolveth, + If season propitious one alway regardeth, + World-cheering weathers. Then winter was gone, + Earth's bosom was lovely; the exile would get him, + +{He devises schemes of vengeance.} + + The guest from the palace; on grewsomest vengeance + 15 He brooded more eager than on oversea journeys, + Whe'r onset-of-anger he were able to 'complish, + The bairns of the Jutemen therein to remember. + Nowise refused he the duties of liegeman + When Hun of the Frisians the battle-sword Láfing, + 20 Fairest of falchions, friendly did give him: + Its edges were famous in folk-talk of Jutland. + And savage sword-fury seized in its clutches + Bold-mooded Finn where he bode in his palace, + +{Guthlaf and Oslaf revenge Hnæf's slaughter.} + + When the grewsome grapple Guthlaf and Oslaf + 25 Had mournfully mentioned, the mere-journey over, + For sorrows half-blamed him; the flickering spirit + Could not bide in his bosom. Then the building was covered[2] + +{Finn is slain.} + + With corpses of foemen, and Finn too was slaughtered, + The king with his comrades, and the queen made a prisoner. + +{The jewels of Finn, and his queen are carried away by the Danes.} + + 30 The troops of the Scyldings bore to their vessels + All that the land-king had in his palace, + Such trinkets and treasures they took as, on searching, + At Finn's they could find. They ferried to Daneland + The excellent woman on oversea journey, + +{The lay is concluded, and the main story is resumed.} + + 35 Led her to their land-folk." The lay was concluded, + The gleeman's recital. Shouts again rose then, + Bench-glee resounded, bearers then offered + +{Skinkers carry round the beaker.} + + Wine from wonder-vats. Wealhtheo advanced then + Going 'neath gold-crown, where the good ones were seated + +[41] + +{Queen Wealhtheow greets Hrothgar, as he sits beside Hrothulf, his +nephew.} + + 40 Uncle and nephew; their peace was yet mutual, + True each to the other. And Unferth the spokesman + Sat at the feet of the lord of the Scyldings: + Each trusted his spirit that his mood was courageous, + Though at fight he had failed in faith to his kinsmen. + 45 Said the queen of the Scyldings: "My lord and protector, + Treasure-bestower, take thou this beaker; + Joyance attend thee, gold-friend of heroes, + +{Be generous to the Geats.} + + And greet thou the Geatmen with gracious responses! + So ought one to do. Be kind to the Geatmen, + 50 In gifts not niggardly; anear and afar now + Peace thou enjoyest. Report hath informed me + Thou'lt have for a bairn the battle-brave hero. + Now is Heorot cleansèd, ring-palace gleaming; + +{Have as much joy as possible in thy hall, once more purified.} + + Give while thou mayest many rewards, + 55 And bequeath to thy kinsmen kingdom and people, + On wending thy way to the Wielder's splendor. + I know good Hrothulf, that the noble young troopers + +{I know that Hrothulf will prove faithful if he survive thee.} + + He'll care for and honor, lord of the Scyldings, + If earth-joys thou endest earlier than he doth; + 60 I reckon that recompense he'll render with kindness + Our offspring and issue, if that all he remember, + What favors of yore, when he yet was an infant, + We awarded to him for his worship and pleasure." + Then she turned by the bench where her sons were carousing, + 65 Hrethric and Hrothmund, and the heroes' offspring, + +{Beowulf is sitting by the two royal sons.} + + The war-youth together; there the good one was sitting + 'Twixt the brothers twain, Beowulf Geatman. + + [1] For 1130 (1) R. and Gr. suggest 'elne unflitme' as 1098 (1) reads. + The latter verse is undisputed; and, for the former, 'elne' would be + as possible as 'ealles,' and 'unflitme' is well supported. Accepting + 'elne unflitme' for both, I would suggest '_very peaceably_' for both + places: (1) _Finn to Hengest very peaceably vowed with oaths_, etc. + (2) _Hengest then still the slaughter-stained winter remained there + with Finn very peaceably_. The two passages become thus correlatives, + the second a sequel of the first. 'Elne,' in the sense of very + (swíðe), needs no argument; and 'unflitme' (from 'flítan') can, it + seems to me, be more plausibly rendered 'peaceful,' 'peaceable,' than + 'contestable,' or 'conquerable.' + + [2] Some scholars have proposed 'roden'; the line would then read: + _Then the building was reddened, etc._, instead of 'covered.' The 'h' + may have been carried over from the three alliterating 'h's.' + + + + +XIX. + +BEOWULF RECEIVES FURTHER HONOR. + + +{More gifts are offered Beowulf.} + + A beaker was borne him, and bidding to quaff it + Graciously given, and gold that was twisted + Pleasantly proffered, a pair of arm-jewels, +[42] Rings and corslet, of collars the greatest + 5 I've heard of 'neath heaven. Of heroes not any + More splendid from jewels have I heard 'neath the welkin, + +{A famous necklace is referred to, in comparison with the gems presented +to Beowulf.} + + Since Hama off bore the Brosingmen's necklace, + The bracteates and jewels, from the bright-shining city,[1] + Eormenric's cunning craftiness fled from, + 10 Chose gain everlasting. Geatish Higelac, + Grandson of Swerting, last had this jewel + When tramping 'neath banner the treasure he guarded, + The field-spoil defended; Fate offcarried him + When for deeds of daring he endured tribulation, + 15 Hate from the Frisians; the ornaments bare he + O'er the cup of the currents, costly gem-treasures, + Mighty folk-leader, he fell 'neath his target; + The[2] corpse of the king then came into charge of + The race of the Frankmen, the mail-shirt and collar: + 20 Warmen less noble plundered the fallen, + When the fight was finished; the folk of the Geatmen + The field of the dead held in possession. + The choicest of mead-halls with cheering resounded. + Wealhtheo discoursed, the war-troop addressed she: + +{Queen Wealhtheow magnifies Beowulf's achievements.} + + 25 "This collar enjoy thou, Beowulf worthy, + Young man, in safety, and use thou this armor, + Gems of the people, and prosper thou fully, + Show thyself sturdy and be to these liegemen + Mild with instruction! I'll mind thy requital. + 30 Thou hast brought it to pass that far and near + Forever and ever earthmen shall honor thee, + Even so widely as ocean surroundeth + The blustering bluffs. Be, while thou livest, +[43] A wealth-blessèd atheling. I wish thee most truly + +{May gifts never fail thee.} + + 35 Jewels and treasure. Be kind to my son, thou + Living in joyance! Here each of the nobles + Is true unto other, gentle in spirit, + Loyal to leader. The liegemen are peaceful, + The war-troops ready: well-drunken heroes,[3] + 40 Do as I bid ye." Then she went to the settle. + There was choicest of banquets, wine drank the heroes: + +{They little know of the sorrow in store for them.} + + Weird they knew not, destiny cruel, + As to many an earlman early it happened, + When evening had come and Hrothgar had parted + 45 Off to his manor, the mighty to slumber. + Warriors unnumbered warded the building + As erst they did often: the ale-settle bared they, + 'Twas covered all over with beds and pillows. + +{A doomed thane is there with them.} + + Doomed unto death, down to his slumber + 50 Bowed then a beer-thane. Their battle-shields placed they, + Bright-shining targets, up by their heads then; + O'er the atheling on ale-bench 'twas easy to see there + Battle-high helmet, burnie of ring-mail, + +{They were always ready for battle.} + + And mighty war-spear. 'Twas the wont of that people + 55 To constantly keep them equipped for the battle,[4] + At home or marching--in either condition-- + At seasons just such as necessity ordered + As best for their ruler; that people was worthy. + + [1] C. suggests a semicolon after 'city,' with 'he' as supplied + subject of 'fled' and 'chose.' + + [2] For 'feorh' S. suggests 'feoh': 'corpse' in the translation would + then be changed to '_possessions_,' '_belongings_.' This is a better + reading than one joining, in such intimate syntactical relations, + things so unlike as 'corpse' and 'jewels.' + + [3] S. suggests '_wine-joyous heroes_,' '_warriors elated with wine_.' + + [4] I believe this translation brings out the meaning of the poet, + without departing seriously from the H.-So. text. 'Oft' frequently + means 'constantly,' 'continually,' not always 'often.'--Why 'an (on) + wíg gearwe' should be written 'ánwíg-gearwe' (= ready for single + combat), I cannot see. 'Gearwe' occurs quite frequently with 'on'; cf. + B. 1110 (_ready for the pyre_), El. 222 (_ready for the glad + journey_). Moreover, what has the idea of single combat to do with B. + 1247 ff.? The poet is giving an inventory of the arms and armor which + they lay aside on retiring, and he closes his narration by saying that + they were _always prepared for battle both at home and on the march_. + +[44] + + + + +XX. + +THE MOTHER OF GRENDEL. + + + They sank then to slumber. With sorrow one paid for + His evening repose, as often betid them + While Grendel was holding[1] the gold-bedecked palace, + Ill-deeds performing, till his end overtook him, + 5 Death for his sins. 'Twas seen very clearly, + +{Grendel's mother is known to be thirsting for revenge.} + + Known unto earth-folk, that still an avenger + Outlived the loathed one, long since the sorrow + Caused by the struggle; the mother of Grendel, + Devil-shaped woman, her woe ever minded, + 10 Who was held to inhabit the horrible waters, + +{[Grendel's progenitor, Cain, is again referred to.]} + + The cold-flowing currents, after Cain had become a + Slayer-with-edges to his one only brother, + The son of his sire; he set out then banished, + Marked as a murderer, man-joys avoiding, + 15 Lived in the desert. Thence demons unnumbered + +{The poet again magnifies Beowulf's valor.} + + Fate-sent awoke; one of them Grendel, + Sword-cursèd, hateful, who at Heorot met with + A man that was watching, waiting the struggle, + Where a horrid one held him with hand-grapple sturdy; + 20 Nathless he minded the might of his body, + The glorious gift God had allowed him, + And folk-ruling Father's favor relied on, + His help and His comfort: so he conquered the foeman, + The hell-spirit humbled: he unhappy departed then, + 25 Reaved of his joyance, journeying to death-haunts, + Foeman of man. His mother moreover + +{Grendel's mother comes to avenge her son.} + + Eager and gloomy was anxious to go on + Her mournful mission, mindful of vengeance + For the death of her son. She came then to Heorot +[45] 30 Where the Armor-Dane earlmen all through the building + Were lying in slumber. Soon there became then + Return[2] to the nobles, when the mother of Grendel + Entered the folk-hall; the fear was less grievous + By even so much as the vigor of maidens, + 35 War-strength of women, by warrior is reckoned, + When well-carved weapon, worked with the hammer, + Blade very bloody, brave with its edges, + Strikes down the boar-sign that stands on the helmet. + Then the hard-edgèd weapon was heaved in the building,[3] + 40 The brand o'er the benches, broad-lindens many + Hand-fast were lifted; for helmet he recked not, + For armor-net broad, whom terror laid hold of. + She went then hastily, outward would get her + Her life for to save, when some one did spy her; + +{She seizes a favorite liegemen of Hrothgar's.} + + 45 Soon she had grappled one of the athelings + Fast and firmly, when fenward she hied her; + That one to Hrothgar was liefest of heroes + In rank of retainer where waters encircle, + A mighty shield-warrior, whom she murdered at slumber, + 50 A broadly-famed battle-knight. Beowulf was absent, + +{Beowulf was asleep in another part of the palace.} + + But another apartment was erstwhile devoted + To the glory-decked Geatman when gold was distributed. + There was hubbub in Heorot. The hand that was famous + She grasped in its gore;[4] grief was renewed then +[46] 55 In homes and houses: 'twas no happy arrangement + In both of the quarters to barter and purchase + With lives of their friends. Then the well-agèd ruler, + The gray-headed war-thane, was woful in spirit, + When his long-trusted liegeman lifeless he knew of, + +{Beowulf is sent for.} + + 60 His dearest one gone. Quick from a room was + Beowulf brought, brave and triumphant. + As day was dawning in the dusk of the morning, + +{He comes at Hrothgar's summons.} + + Went then that earlman, champion noble, + Came with comrades, where the clever one bided + 65 Whether God all gracious would grant him a respite + After the woe he had suffered. The war-worthy hero + With a troop of retainers trod then the pavement + (The hall-building groaned), till he greeted the wise one, + +{Beowulf inquires how Hrothgar had enjoyed his night's rest.} + + The earl of the Ingwins;[5] asked if the night had + 70 Fully refreshed him, as fain he would have it. + + [1] Several eminent authorities either read or emend the MS. so as to + make this verse read, _While Grendel was wasting the gold-bedecked + palace_. So 20_15 below: _ravaged the desert_. + + [2] For 'sóna' (1281), t.B. suggests 'sára,' limiting 'edhwyrft.' Read + then: _Return of sorrows to the nobles, etc_. This emendation supplies + the syntactical gap after 'edhwyrft.' + + [3] Some authorities follow Grein's lexicon in treating 'heard ecg' as + an adj. limiting 'sweord': H.-So. renders it as a subst. (So v. 1491.) + The sense of the translation would be the same. + + [4] B. suggests 'under hróf genam' (v. 1303). This emendation, as well + as an emendation with (?) to v. 739, he offers, because 'under' + baffles him in both passages. All we need is to take 'under' in its + secondary meaning of 'in,' which, though not given by Grein, occurs in + the literature. Cf. Chron. 876 (March's A.-S. Gram. § 355) and Oro. + Amaz. I. 10, where 'under' = _in the midst of_. Cf. modern Eng. 'in + such circumstances,' which interchanges in good usage with 'under such + circumstances.' + + [5] For 'néod-laðu' (1321) C. suggests 'néad-láðum,' and translates: + _asked whether the night had been pleasant to him after + crushing-hostility_. + + + + +XXI. + +HROTHGAR'S ACCOUNT OF THE MONSTERS. + + +{Hrothgar laments the death of Æschere, his shoulder-companion.} + + Hrothgar rejoined, helm of the Scyldings: + "Ask not of joyance! Grief is renewed to + The folk of the Danemen. Dead is Æschere, + Yrmenlaf's brother, older than he, + 5 My true-hearted counsellor, trusty adviser, + Shoulder-companion, when fighting in battle + Our heads we protected, when troopers were clashing, + +{He was my ideal hero.} + + And heroes were dashing; such an earl should be ever, + An erst-worthy atheling, as Æschere proved him. + 10 The flickering death-spirit became in Heorot + His hand-to-hand murderer; I can not tell whither + The cruel one turned in the carcass exulting, + +[47] + +{This horrible creature came to avenge Grendel's death.} + + By cramming discovered.[1] The quarrel she wreaked then, + That last night igone Grendel thou killedst + 15 In grewsomest manner, with grim-holding clutches, + Since too long he had lessened my liege-troop and wasted + My folk-men so foully. He fell in the battle + With forfeit of life, and another has followed, + A mighty crime-worker, her kinsman avenging, + 20 And henceforth hath 'stablished her hatred unyielding,[2] + As it well may appear to many a liegeman, + Who mourneth in spirit the treasure-bestower, + Her heavy heart-sorrow; the hand is now lifeless + Which[3] availed you in every wish that you cherished. + +{I have heard my vassals speak of these two uncanny monsters who lived in +the moors.} + + 25 Land-people heard I, liegemen, this saying, + Dwellers in halls, they had seen very often + A pair of such mighty march-striding creatures, + Far-dwelling spirits, holding the moorlands: + One of them wore, as well they might notice, + 30 The image of woman, the other one wretched + In guise of a man wandered in exile, + Except he was huger than any of earthmen; + Earth-dwelling people entitled him Grendel + In days of yore: they know not their father, + 35 Whe'r ill-going spirits any were borne him + +{The inhabit the most desolate and horrible places.} + + Ever before. They guard the wolf-coverts, + Lands inaccessible, wind-beaten nesses, + Fearfullest fen-deeps, where a flood from the mountains + 'Neath mists of the nesses netherward rattles, + 40 The stream under earth: not far is it henceward + Measured by mile-lengths that the mere-water standeth, + Which forests hang over, with frost-whiting covered,[4] +[48] A firm-rooted forest, the floods overshadow. + There ever at night one an ill-meaning portent + 45 A fire-flood may see; 'mong children of men + None liveth so wise that wot of the bottom; + Though harassed by hounds the heath-stepper seek for, + +{Even the hounded deer will not seek refuge in these uncanny regions.} + + Fly to the forest, firm-antlered he-deer, + Spurred from afar, his spirit he yieldeth, + 50 His life on the shore, ere in he will venture + To cover his head. Uncanny the place is: + Thence upward ascendeth the surging of waters, + Wan to the welkin, when the wind is stirring + The weathers unpleasing, till the air groweth gloomy, + +{To thee only can I look for assistance.} + + 55 And the heavens lower. Now is help to be gotten + From thee and thee only! The abode thou know'st not, + The dangerous place where thou'rt able to meet with + The sin-laden hero: seek if thou darest! + For the feud I will fully fee thee with money, + 60 With old-time treasure, as erstwhile I did thee, + With well-twisted jewels, if away thou shalt get thee." + + [1] For 'gefrægnod' (1334), K. and t.B. suggest 'gefægnod,' rendering + '_rejoicing in her fill_.' This gives a parallel to 'æse wlanc' + (1333). + + [2] The line 'And ... yielding,' B. renders: _And she has performed a + deed of blood-vengeance whose effect is far-reaching_. + + [3] 'Sé Þe' (1345) is an instance of masc. rel. with fem. antecedent. + So v. 1888, where 'sé Þe' refers to 'yldo.' + + [4] For 'hrímge' in the H.-So. edition, Gr. and others read 'hrínde' + (=hrínende), and translate: _which rustling forests overhang_. + + + + +XXII. + +BEOWULF SEEKS GRENDEL'S MOTHER. + + + Beowulf answered, Ecgtheow's son: + +{Beowulf exhorts the old king to arouse himself for action.} + + "Grieve not, O wise one! for each it is better, + His friend to avenge than with vehemence wail him; + Each of us must the end-day abide of + 5 His earthly existence; who is able accomplish + Glory ere death! To battle-thane noble + Lifeless lying, 'tis at last most fitting. + Arise, O king, quick let us hasten + To look at the footprint of the kinsman of Grendel! + 10 I promise thee this now: to his place he'll escape not, + To embrace of the earth, nor to mountainous forest, + Nor to depths of the ocean, wherever he wanders. +[49] Practice thou now patient endurance + Of each of thy sorrows, as I hope for thee soothly!" + +{Hrothgar rouses himself. His horse is brought.} + + 15 Then up sprang the old one, the All-Wielder thanked he, + Ruler Almighty, that the man had outspoken. + Then for Hrothgar a war-horse was decked with a bridle, + Curly-maned courser. The clever folk-leader + +{They start on the track of the female monster.} + + Stately proceeded: stepped then an earl-troop + 20 Of linden-wood bearers. Her footprints were seen then + Widely in wood-paths, her way o'er the bottoms, + Where she faraway fared o'er fen-country murky, + Bore away breathless the best of retainers + Who pondered with Hrothgar the welfare of country. + 25 The son of the athelings then went o'er the stony, + Declivitous cliffs, the close-covered passes, + Narrow passages, paths unfrequented, + Nesses abrupt, nicker-haunts many; + One of a few of wise-mooded heroes, + 30 He onward advanced to view the surroundings, + Till he found unawares woods of the mountain + O'er hoar-stones hanging, holt-wood unjoyful; + The water stood under, welling and gory. + 'Twas irksome in spirit to all of the Danemen, + 35 Friends of the Scyldings, to many a liegeman + +{The sight of Æschere's head causes them great sorrow.} + + Sad to be suffered, a sorrow unlittle + To each of the earlmen, when to Æschere's head they + Came on the cliff. The current was seething + With blood and with gore (the troopers gazed on it). + 40 The horn anon sang the battle-song ready. + The troop were all seated; they saw 'long the water then + +{The water is filled with serpents and sea-dragons.} + + Many a serpent, mere-dragons wondrous + Trying the waters, nickers a-lying + On the cliffs of the nesses, which at noonday full often + 45 Go on the sea-deeps their sorrowful journey, + Wild-beasts and wormkind; away then they hastened + +{One of them is killed by Beowulf.} + + Hot-mooded, hateful, they heard the great clamor, + The war-trumpet winding. One did the Geat-prince +[50] Sunder from earth-joys, with arrow from bowstring, + 50 From his sea-struggle tore him, that the trusty war-missile + +{The dead beast is a poor swimmer} + + Pierced to his vitals; he proved in the currents + Less doughty at swimming whom death had offcarried. + Soon in the waters the wonderful swimmer + Was straitened most sorely with sword-pointed boar-spears, + 55 Pressed in the battle and pulled to the cliff-edge; + The liegemen then looked on the loath-fashioned stranger. + +{Beowulf prepares for a struggle with the monster.} + + Beowulf donned then his battle-equipments, + Cared little for life; inlaid and most ample, + The hand-woven corslet which could cover his body, + 60 Must the wave-deeps explore, that war might be powerless + To harm the great hero, and the hating one's grasp might + Not peril his safety; his head was protected + By the light-flashing helmet that should mix with the bottoms, + Trying the eddies, treasure-emblazoned, + 65 Encircled with jewels, as in seasons long past + The weapon-smith worked it, wondrously made it, + With swine-bodies fashioned it, that thenceforward no longer + Brand might bite it, and battle-sword hurt it. + And that was not least of helpers in prowess + +{He has Unferth's sword in his hand.} + + 70 That Hrothgar's spokesman had lent him when straitened; + And the hilted hand-sword was Hrunting entitled, + Old and most excellent 'mong all of the treasures; + Its blade was of iron, blotted with poison, + Hardened with gore; it failed not in battle + 75 Any hero under heaven in hand who it brandished, + Who ventured to take the terrible journeys, + The battle-field sought; not the earliest occasion + That deeds of daring 'twas destined to 'complish. + +{Unferth has little use for swords.} + + Ecglaf's kinsman minded not soothly, + 80 Exulting in strength, what erst he had spoken + Drunken with wine, when the weapon he lent to + A sword-hero bolder; himself did not venture + 'Neath the strife of the currents his life to endanger, +[51] To fame-deeds perform; there he forfeited glory, + 85 Repute for his strength. Not so with the other + When he clad in his corslet had equipped him for battle. + + + + +XXIII. + +BEOWULF'S FIGHT WITH GRENDEL'S MOTHER. + + +{Beowulf makes a parting speech to Hrothgar.} + + Beowulf spake, Ecgtheow's son: + "Recall now, oh, famous kinsman of Healfdene, + Prince very prudent, now to part I am ready, + Gold-friend of earlmen, what erst we agreed on, + +{If I fail, act as a kind liegelord to my thanes,} + + 5 Should I lay down my life in lending thee assistance, + When my earth-joys were over, thou wouldst evermore serve me + In stead of a father; my faithful thanemen, + My trusty retainers, protect thou and care for, + Fall I in battle: and, Hrothgar belovèd, + +{and send Higelac the jewels thou hast given me} + + 10 Send unto Higelac the high-valued jewels + Thou to me hast allotted. The lord of the Geatmen + May perceive from the gold, the Hrethling may see it + +{I should like my king to know how generous a lord I found thee to be.} + + When he looks on the jewels, that a gem-giver found I + Good over-measure, enjoyed him while able. + 15 And the ancient heirloom Unferth permit thou, + The famed one to have, the heavy-sword splendid[1] + The hard-edgèd weapon; with Hrunting to aid me, + I shall gain me glory, or grim-death shall take me." + +{Beowulf is eager for the fray.} + + The atheling of Geatmen uttered these words and + 20 Heroic did hasten, not any rejoinder + Was willing to wait for; the wave-current swallowed + +{He is a whole day reaching the bottom of the sea.} + + The doughty-in-battle. Then a day's-length elapsed ere + He was able to see the sea at its bottom. + Early she found then who fifty of winters + 25 The course of the currents kept in her fury, + Grisly and greedy, that the grim one's dominion + +[52] + +{Grendel's mother knows that some one has reached her domains.} + + Some one of men from above was exploring. + Forth did she grab them, grappled the warrior + With horrible clutches; yet no sooner she injured + 30 His body unscathèd: the burnie out-guarded, + That she proved but powerless to pierce through the armor, + The limb-mail locked, with loath-grabbing fingers. + The sea-wolf bare then, when bottomward came she, + +{She grabs him, and bears him to her den.} + + The ring-prince homeward, that he after was powerless + 35 (He had daring to do it) to deal with his weapons, + But many a mere-beast tormented him swimming, + +{Sea-monsters bite and strike him.} + + Flood-beasts no few with fierce-biting tusks did + Break through his burnie, the brave one pursued they. + The earl then discovered he was down in some cavern + 40 Where no water whatever anywise harmed him, + And the clutch of the current could come not anear him, + Since the roofed-hall prevented; brightness a-gleaming + Fire-light he saw, flashing resplendent. + The good one saw then the sea-bottom's monster, + +{Beowulf attacks the mother of Grendel.} + + 45 The mighty mere-woman; he made a great onset + With weapon-of-battle, his hand not desisted + From striking, that war-blade struck on her head then + A battle-song greedy. The stranger perceived then + +{The sword will not bite.} + + The sword would not bite, her life would not injure, + 50 But the falchion failed the folk-prince when straitened: + Erst had it often onsets encountered, + Oft cloven the helmet, the fated one's armor: + 'Twas the first time that ever the excellent jewel + Had failed of its fame. Firm-mooded after, + 55 Not heedless of valor, but mindful of glory, + Was Higelac's kinsman; the hero-chief angry + Cast then his carved-sword covered with jewels + That it lay on the earth, hard and steel-pointed; + +{The hero throws down all weapons, and again trusts to his hand-grip.} + + He hoped in his strength, his hand-grapple sturdy. + 60 So any must act whenever he thinketh + To gain him in battle glory unending, + And is reckless of living. The lord of the War-Geats +[53] (He shrank not from battle) seized by the shoulder[2] + The mother of Grendel; then mighty in struggle + 65 Swung he his enemy, since his anger was kindled, + That she fell to the floor. With furious grapple + +{Beowulf falls.} + + She gave him requital[3] early thereafter, + And stretched out to grab him; the strongest of warriors + Faint-mooded stumbled, till he fell in his traces, + +{The monster sits on him with drawn sword.} + + 70 Foot-going champion. Then she sat on the hall-guest + And wielded her war-knife wide-bladed, flashing, + For her son would take vengeance, her one only bairn. + +{His armor saves his life.} + + His breast-armor woven bode on his shoulder; + It guarded his life, the entrance defended + 75 'Gainst sword-point and edges. Ecgtheow's son there + Had fatally journeyed, champion of Geatmen, + In the arms of the ocean, had the armor not given, + Close-woven corslet, comfort and succor, + +{God arranged for his escape.} + + And had God most holy not awarded the victory, + 80 All-knowing Lord; easily did heaven's + Ruler most righteous arrange it with justice;[4] + Uprose he erect ready for battle. + + [1] Kl. emends 'wæl-sweord.' The half-line would then read, '_the + battle-sword splendid_.'--For 'heard-ecg' in next half-verse, see note + to 20_39 above. + + [2] Sw., R., and t.B. suggest 'feaxe' for 'eaxle' (1538) and render: + _Seized by the hair_. + + [3] If 'hand-léan' be accepted (as the MS. has it), the line will + read: _She hand-reward gave him early thereafter_. + + [4] Sw. and S. change H.-So.'s semicolon (v. 1557) to a comma, and + translate: _The Ruler of Heaven arranged it in justice easily, after + he arose again_. + + + + +XXIV. + +BEOWULF IS DOUBLE-CONQUEROR. + + +{Beowulf grasps a giant-sword,} + + Then he saw mid the war-gems a weapon of victory, + An ancient giant-sword, of edges a-doughty, + Glory of warriors: of weapons 'twas choicest, + Only 'twas larger than any man else was +[54] 5 Able to bear to the battle-encounter, + The good and splendid work of the giants. + He grasped then the sword-hilt, knight of the Scyldings, + Bold and battle-grim, brandished his ring-sword, + Hopeless of living, hotly he smote her, + 10 That the fiend-woman's neck firmly it grappled, + +{and fells the female monster.} + + Broke through her bone-joints, the bill fully pierced her + Fate-cursèd body, she fell to the ground then: + The hand-sword was bloody, the hero exulted. + The brand was brilliant, brightly it glimmered, + 15 Just as from heaven gemlike shineth + The torch of the firmament. He glanced 'long the building, + And turned by the wall then, Higelac's vassal + Raging and wrathful raised his battle-sword + Strong by the handle. The edge was not useless + 20 To the hero-in-battle, but he speedily wished to + Give Grendel requital for the many assaults he + Had worked on the West-Danes not once, but often, + When he slew in slumber the subjects of Hrothgar, + Swallowed down fifteen sleeping retainers + 25 Of the folk of the Danemen, and fully as many + Carried away, a horrible prey. + He gave him requital, grim-raging champion, + +{Beowulf sees the body of Grendel, and cuts off his head.} + + When he saw on his rest-place weary of conflict + Grendel lying, of life-joys bereavèd, + 30 As the battle at Heorot erstwhile had scathed him; + His body far bounded, a blow when he suffered, + Death having seized him, sword-smiting heavy, + And he cut off his head then. Early this noticed + The clever carles who as comrades of Hrothgar + +{The waters are gory.} + + 35 Gazed on the sea-deeps, that the surging wave-currents + Were mightily mingled, the mere-flood was gory: + Of the good one the gray-haired together held converse, + +{Beowulf is given up for dead.} + + The hoary of head, that they hoped not to see again + The atheling ever, that exulting in victory + 40 He'd return there to visit the distinguished folk-ruler: +[55] Then many concluded the mere-wolf had killed him.[1] + The ninth hour came then. From the ness-edge departed + The bold-mooded Scyldings; the gold-friend of heroes + Homeward betook him. The strangers sat down then + 45 Soul-sick, sorrowful, the sea-waves regarding: + They wished and yet weened not their well-loved friend-lord + +{The giant-sword melts.} + + To see any more. The sword-blade began then, + The blood having touched it, contracting and shriveling + With battle-icicles; 'twas a wonderful marvel + 50 That it melted entirely, likest to ice when + The Father unbindeth the bond of the frost and + Unwindeth the wave-bands, He who wieldeth dominion + Of times and of tides: a truth-firm Creator. + Nor took he of jewels more in the dwelling, + 55 Lord of the Weders, though they lay all around him, + Than the head and the handle handsome with jewels; +[56] The brand early melted, burnt was the weapon:[2] + So hot was the blood, the strange-spirit poisonous + +{The hero swims back to the realms of day.} + + That in it did perish. He early swam off then + 60 Who had bided in combat the carnage of haters, + Went up through the ocean; the eddies were cleansèd, + The spacious expanses, when the spirit from farland + His life put aside and this short-lived existence. + The seamen's defender came swimming to land then + 65 Doughty of spirit, rejoiced in his sea-gift, + The bulky burden which he bore in his keeping. + The excellent vassals advanced then to meet him, + To God they were grateful, were glad in their chieftain, + That to see him safe and sound was granted them. + 70 From the high-minded hero, then, helmet and burnie + Were speedily loosened: the ocean was putrid, + The water 'neath welkin weltered with gore. + Forth did they fare, then, their footsteps retracing, + Merry and mirthful, measured the earth-way, + 75 The highway familiar: men very daring[3] + Bare then the head from the sea-cliff, burdening + Each of the earlmen, excellent-valiant. + +{It takes four men to carry Grendel's head on a spear.} + + Four of them had to carry with labor + The head of Grendel to the high towering gold-hall + 80 Upstuck on the spear, till fourteen most-valiant + And battle-brave Geatmen came there going + Straight to the palace: the prince of the people + Measured the mead-ways, their mood-brave companion. + The atheling of earlmen entered the building, + 85 Deed-valiant man, adorned with distinction, + Doughty shield-warrior, to address King Hrothgar: +[57] Then hung by the hair, the head of Grendel + Was borne to the building, where beer-thanes were drinking, + Loth before earlmen and eke 'fore the lady: + 90 The warriors beheld then a wonderful sight. + + [1] 'Þæs monige gewearð' (1599) and 'hafað þæs geworden' (2027).--In a + paper published some years ago in one of the Johns Hopkins University + circulars, I tried to throw upon these two long-doubtful passages some + light derived from a study of like passages in Alfred's prose.--The + impersonal verb 'geweorðan,' with an accus. of the person, and a + þæt-clause is used several times with the meaning 'agree.' See Orosius + (Sweet's ed.) 178_7; 204_34; 208_28; 210_15; 280_20. In the two + Beowulf passages, the þæt-clause is anticipated by 'þæs,' which is + clearly a gen. of the thing agreed on. + + The first passage (v. 1599 (b)-1600) I translate literally: _Then many + agreed upon this (namely), that the sea-wolf had killed him_. + + The second passage (v. 2025 (b)-2027): _She is promised ...; to this + the friend of the Scyldings has agreed, etc_. By emending 'is' instead + of 'wæs' (2025), the tenses will be brought into perfect harmony. + + In v. 1997 ff. this same idiom occurs, and was noticed in B.'s great + article on Beowulf, which appeared about the time I published my + reading of 1599 and 2027. Translate 1997 then: _Wouldst let the + South-Danes themselves decide about their struggle with Grendel_. Here + 'Súð-Dene' is accus. of person, and 'gúðe' is gen. of thing agreed on. + + With such collateral support as that afforded by B. (P. and B. XII. + 97), I have no hesitation in departing from H.-So., my usual guide. + + The idiom above treated runs through A.-S., Old Saxon, and other + Teutonic languages, and should be noticed in the lexicons. + + [2] 'Bróden-mæl' is regarded by most scholars as meaning a damaskeened + sword. Translate: _The damaskeened sword burned up_. Cf. 25_16 and + note. + + [3] 'Cyning-balde' (1635) is the much-disputed reading of K. and Th. + To render this, "_nobly bold_," "_excellently bold_," have been + suggested. B. would read 'cyning-holde' (cf. 290), and render: _Men + well-disposed towards the king carried the head, etc._ 'Cynebealde,' + says t.B., endorsing Gr. + + + + +XXV. + +BEOWULF BRINGS HIS TROPHIES.--HROTHGAR'S GRATITUDE. + + +{Beowulf relates his last exploit.} + + Beowulf spake, offspring of Ecgtheow: + "Lo! we blithely have brought thee, bairn of Healfdene, + Prince of the Scyldings, these presents from ocean + Which thine eye looketh on, for an emblem of glory. + 5 I came off alive from this, narrowly 'scaping: + In war 'neath the water the work with great pains I + Performed, and the fight had been finished quite nearly, + Had God not defended me. I failed in the battle + Aught to accomplish, aided by Hrunting, + 10 Though that weapon was worthy, but the Wielder of earth-folk + +{God was fighting with me.} + + Gave me willingly to see on the wall a + Heavy old hand-sword hanging in splendor + (He guided most often the lorn and the friendless), + That I swung as a weapon. The wards of the house then + 15 I killed in the conflict (when occasion was given me). + Then the battle-sword burned, the brand that was lifted,[1] + As the blood-current sprang, hottest of war-sweats; + Seizing the hilt, from my foes I offbore it; + I avenged as I ought to their acts of malignity, + 20 The murder of Danemen. I then make thee this promise, + +{Heorot is freed from monsters.} + + Thou'lt be able in Heorot careless to slumber + With thy throng of heroes and the thanes of thy people + Every and each, of greater and lesser, + And thou needest not fear for them from the selfsame direction + 25 As thou formerly fearedst, oh, folk-lord of Scyldings, +[58] End-day for earlmen." To the age-hoary man then, + +{The famous sword is presented to Hrothgar.} + + The gray-haired chieftain, the gold-fashioned sword-hilt, + Old-work of giants, was thereupon given; + Since the fall of the fiends, it fell to the keeping + 30 Of the wielder of Danemen, the wonder-smith's labor, + And the bad-mooded being abandoned this world then, + Opponent of God, victim of murder, + And also his mother; it went to the keeping + Of the best of the world-kings, where waters encircle, + 35 Who the scot divided in Scylding dominion. + +{Hrothgar looks closely at the old sword.} + + Hrothgar discoursed, the hilt he regarded, + The ancient heirloom where an old-time contention's + Beginning was graven: the gurgling currents, + The flood slew thereafter the race of the giants, + 40 They had proved themselves daring: that people was loth to + +{It had belonged to a race hateful to God.} + + The Lord everlasting, through lash of the billows + The Father gave them final requital. + So in letters of rune on the clasp of the handle + Gleaming and golden, 'twas graven exactly, + 45 Set forth and said, whom that sword had been made for, + Finest of irons, who first it was wrought for, + Wreathed at its handle and gleaming with serpents. + The wise one then said (silent they all were) + +{Hrothgar praises Beowulf.} + + Son of old Healfdene: "He may say unrefuted + 50 Who performs 'mid the folk-men fairness and truth + (The hoary old ruler remembers the past), + That better by birth is this bairn of the nobles! + Thy fame is extended through far-away countries, + Good friend Beowulf, o'er all of the races, + 55 Thou holdest all firmly, hero-like strength with + Prudence of spirit. I'll prove myself grateful + As before we agreed on; thou granted for long shalt + Become a great comfort to kinsmen and comrades, + +{Heremod's career is again contrasted with Beowulf's.} + + A help unto heroes. Heremod became not + 60 Such to the Scyldings, successors of Ecgwela; + He grew not to please them, but grievous destruction, +[59] And diresome death-woes to Danemen attracted; + He slew in anger his table-companions, + Trustworthy counsellors, till he turned off lonely + 65 From world-joys away, wide-famous ruler: + Though high-ruling heaven in hero-strength raised him, + In might exalted him, o'er men of all nations + Made him supreme, yet a murderous spirit + Grew in his bosom: he gave then no ring-gems + +{A wretched failure of a king, to give no jewels to his retainers.} + + 70 To the Danes after custom; endured he unjoyful + Standing the straits from strife that was raging, + Longsome folk-sorrow. Learn then from this, + Lay hold of virtue! Though laden with winters, + I have sung thee these measures. 'Tis a marvel to tell it, + +{Hrothgar moralizes.} + + 75 How all-ruling God from greatness of spirit + Giveth wisdom to children of men, + Manor and earlship: all things He ruleth. + He often permitteth the mood-thought of man of + The illustrious lineage to lean to possessions, + 80 Allows him earthly delights at his manor, + A high-burg of heroes to hold in his keeping, + Maketh portions of earth-folk hear him, + And a wide-reaching kingdom so that, wisdom failing him, + He himself is unable to reckon its boundaries; + 85 He liveth in luxury, little debars him, + Nor sickness nor age, no treachery-sorrow + Becloudeth his spirit, conflict nowhere, + No sword-hate, appeareth, but all of the world doth + Wend as he wisheth; the worse he knoweth not, + 90 Till arrant arrogance inward pervading, + Waxeth and springeth, when the warder is sleeping, + The guard of the soul: with sorrows encompassed, + Too sound is his slumber, the slayer is near him, + Who with bow and arrow aimeth in malice. + +[60] + + [1] Or rather, perhaps, '_the inlaid, or damaskeened weapon_.' Cf. + 24_57 and note. + + + + +XXVI. + +HROTHGAR MORALIZES.--REST AFTER LABOR. + + +{A wounded spirit.} + + "Then bruised in his bosom he with bitter-toothed missile + Is hurt 'neath his helmet: from harmful pollution + He is powerless to shield him by the wonderful mandates + Of the loath-cursèd spirit; what too long he hath holden + 5 Him seemeth too small, savage he hoardeth, + Nor boastfully giveth gold-plated rings,[1] + The fate of the future flouts and forgetteth + Since God had erst given him greatness no little, + Wielder of Glory. His end-day anear, + 10 It afterward happens that the bodily-dwelling + Fleetingly fadeth, falls into ruins; + Another lays hold who doleth the ornaments, + The nobleman's jewels, nothing lamenting, + Heedeth no terror. Oh, Beowulf dear, + 15 Best of the heroes, from bale-strife defend thee, + And choose thee the better, counsels eternal; + +{Be not over proud: life is fleeting, and its strength soon wasteth away.} + + Beware of arrogance, world-famous champion! + But a little-while lasts thy life-vigor's fulness; + 'Twill after hap early, that illness or sword-edge + 20 Shall part thee from strength, or the grasp of the fire, + Or the wave of the current, or clutch of the edges, + Or flight of the war-spear, or age with its horrors, + Or thine eyes' bright flashing shall fade into darkness: + 'Twill happen full early, excellent hero, + +{Hrothgar gives an account of his reign.} + + 25 That death shall subdue thee. So the Danes a half-century + I held under heaven, helped them in struggles + 'Gainst many a race in middle-earth's regions, + With ash-wood and edges, that enemies none + On earth molested me. Lo! offsetting change, now, + +[61] + +{Sorrow after joy.} + + 30 Came to my manor, grief after joyance, + When Grendel became my constant visitor, + Inveterate hater: I from that malice + Continually travailed with trouble no little. + Thanks be to God that I gained in my lifetime, + 35 To the Lord everlasting, to look on the gory + Head with mine eyes, after long-lasting sorrow! + Go to the bench now, battle-adornèd + Joy in the feasting: of jewels in common + We'll meet with many when morning appeareth." + 40 The Geatman was gladsome, ganged he immediately + To go to the bench, as the clever one bade him. + Then again as before were the famous-for-prowess, + Hall-inhabiters, handsomely banqueted, + Feasted anew. The night-veil fell then + 45 Dark o'er the warriors. The courtiers rose then; + The gray-haired was anxious to go to his slumbers, + The hoary old Scylding. Hankered the Geatman, + +{Beowulf is fagged, and seeks rest.} + + The champion doughty, greatly, to rest him: + An earlman early outward did lead him, + 50 Fagged from his faring, from far-country springing, + Who for etiquette's sake all of a liegeman's + Needs regarded, such as seamen at that time + Were bounden to feel. The big-hearted rested; + The building uptowered, spacious and gilded, + 55 The guest within slumbered, till the sable-clad raven + Blithely foreboded the beacon of heaven. + Then the bright-shining sun o'er the bottoms came going;[2] + The warriors hastened, the heads of the peoples + Were ready to go again to their peoples, + +{The Geats prepare to leave Dane-land.} + + 60 The high-mooded farer would faraway thenceward + Look for his vessel. The valiant one bade then,[3] + +[62] + +{Unferth asks Beowulf to accept his sword as a gift. Beowulf thanks him.} + + Offspring of Ecglaf, off to bear Hrunting, + To take his weapon, his well-beloved iron; + He him thanked for the gift, saying good he accounted + 65 The war-friend and mighty, nor chid he with words then + The blade of the brand: 'twas a brave-mooded hero. + When the warriors were ready, arrayed in their trappings, + The atheling dear to the Danemen advanced then + On to the dais, where the other was sitting, + 70 Grim-mooded hero, greeted King Hrothgar. + + [1] K. says '_proudly giveth_.'--Gr. says, '_And gives no gold-plated + rings, in order to incite the recipient to boastfulness_.'--B. + suggests 'gyld' for 'gylp,' and renders: _And gives no beaten rings + for reward_. + + [2] If S.'s emendation be accepted, v. 57 will read: _Then came the + light, going bright after darkness: the warriors, etc_. + + [3] As the passage stands in H.-So., Unferth presents Beowulf with the + sword Hrunting, and B. thanks him for the gift. If, however, the + suggestions of Grdtvg. and M. be accepted, the passage will read: + _Then the brave one (_i.e._ Beowulf) commanded that Hrunting be borne + to the son of Ecglaf (Unferth), bade him take his sword, his dear + weapon; he (B.) thanked him (U.) for the loan, etc_. + + + + +XXVII. + +SORROW AT PARTING. + + +{Beowulf's farewell.} + + Beowulf spake, Ecgtheow's offspring: + "We men of the water wish to declare now + Fared from far-lands, we're firmly determined + To seek King Higelac. Here have we fitly + 5 Been welcomed and feasted, as heart would desire it; + Good was the greeting. If greater affection + I am anywise able ever on earth to + Gain at thy hands, ruler of heroes, + Than yet I have done, I shall quickly be ready + +{I shall be ever ready to aid thee.} + + 10 For combat and conflict. O'er the course of the waters + Learn I that neighbors alarm thee with terror, + As haters did whilom, I hither will bring thee + For help unto heroes henchmen by thousands. + +{My liegelord will encourage me in aiding thee.} + + I know as to Higelac, the lord of the Geatmen, + 15 Though young in years, he yet will permit me, + By words and by works, ward of the people, + Fully to furnish thee forces and bear thee + My lance to relieve thee, if liegemen shall fail thee, + And help of my hand-strength; if Hrethric be treating, +[63] 20 Bairn of the king, at the court of the Geatmen, + He thereat may find him friends in abundance: + Faraway countries he were better to seek for + Who trusts in himself." Hrothgar discoursed then, + Making rejoinder: "These words thou hast uttered + 25 All-knowing God hath given thy spirit! + +{O Beowulf, thou art wise beyond thy years.} + + Ne'er heard I an earlman thus early in life + More clever in speaking: thou'rt cautious of spirit, + Mighty of muscle, in mouth-answers prudent. + I count on the hope that, happen it ever + 30 That missile shall rob thee of Hrethel's descendant, + Edge-horrid battle, and illness or weapon + Deprive thee of prince, of people's protector, + +{Should Higelac die, the Geats could find no better successor than thou +wouldst make.} + + And life thou yet holdest, the Sea-Geats will never + Find a more fitting folk-lord to choose them, + 35 Gem-ward of heroes, than _thou_ mightest prove thee, + If the kingdom of kinsmen thou carest to govern. + Thy mood-spirit likes me the longer the better, + Beowulf dear: thou hast brought it to pass that + To both these peoples peace shall be common, + +{Thou hast healed the ancient breach between our races.} + + 40 To Geat-folk and Danemen, the strife be suspended, + The secret assailings they suffered in yore-days; + And also that jewels be shared while I govern + The wide-stretching kingdom, and that many shall visit + Others o'er the ocean with excellent gift-gems: + 45 The ring-adorned bark shall bring o'er the currents + Presents and love-gifts. This people I know + Tow'rd foeman and friend firmly established,[1] + After ancient etiquette everywise blameless." + Then the warden of earlmen gave him still farther, + +{Parting gifts} + + 50 Kinsman of Healfdene, a dozen of jewels, + Bade him safely seek with the presents + His well-beloved people, early returning. + +[64] + +{Hrothgar kisses Beowulf, and weeps.} + + Then the noble-born king kissed the distinguished, + Dear-lovèd liegeman, the Dane-prince saluted him, + 55 And claspèd his neck; tears from him fell, + From the gray-headed man: he two things expected, + Agèd and reverend, but rather the second, + [2]That bold in council they'd meet thereafter. + The man was so dear that he failed to suppress the + 60 Emotions that moved him, but in mood-fetters fastened + +{The old king is deeply grieved to part with his benefactor.} + + The long-famous hero longeth in secret + Deep in his spirit for the dear-beloved man + Though not a blood-kinsman. Beowulf thenceward, + Gold-splendid warrior, walked o'er the meadows + 65 Exulting in treasure: the sea-going vessel + Riding at anchor awaited its owner. + As they pressed on their way then, the present of Hrothgar + +{Giving liberally is the true proof of kingship.} + + Was frequently referred to: a folk-king indeed that + Everyway blameless, till age did debar him + 70 The joys of his might, which hath many oft injured. + + [1] For 'geworhte,' the crux of this passage, B. proposes 'geþóhte,' + rendering: _I know this people with firm thought every way blameless + towards foe and friends_. + + [2] S. and B. emend so as to negative the verb 'meet.' "Why should + Hrothgar weep if he expects to meet Beowulf again?" both these + scholars ask. But the weeping is mentioned before the 'expectations': + the tears may have been due to many emotions, especially gratitude, + struggling for expression. + + + + +XXVIII. + +THE HOMEWARD JOURNEY.--THE TWO QUEENS. + + + Then the band of very valiant retainers + Came to the current; they were clad all in armor, + +{The coast-guard again.} + + In link-woven burnies. The land-warder noticed + The return of the earlmen, as he erstwhile had seen them; + 5 Nowise with insult he greeted the strangers + From the naze of the cliff, but rode on to meet them; + Said the bright-armored visitors[1] vesselward traveled +[65] Welcome to Weders. The wide-bosomed craft then + Lay on the sand, laden with armor, + 10 With horses and jewels, the ring-stemmèd sailer: + The mast uptowered o'er the treasure of Hrothgar. + +{Beowulf gives the guard a handsome sword.} + + To the boat-ward a gold-bound brand he presented, + That he was afterwards honored on the ale-bench more highly + As the heirloom's owner. [2]Set he out on his vessel, + 15 To drive on the deep, Dane-country left he. + Along by the mast then a sea-garment fluttered, + A rope-fastened sail. The sea-boat resounded, + The wind o'er the waters the wave-floater nowise + Kept from its journey; the sea-goer traveled, + 20 The foamy-necked floated forth o'er the currents, + The well-fashioned vessel o'er the ways of the ocean, + +{The Geats see their own land again.} + + Till they came within sight of the cliffs of the Geatmen, + The well-known headlands. The wave-goer hastened + Driven by breezes, stood on the shore. + +{The port-warden is anxiously looking for them.} + + 25 Prompt at the ocean, the port-ward was ready, + Who long in the past outlooked in the distance,[3] + At water's-edge waiting well-lovèd heroes; + He bound to the bank then the broad-bosomed vessel + Fast in its fetters, lest the force of the waters + 30 Should be able to injure the ocean-wood winsome. + Bade he up then take the treasure of princes, + Plate-gold and fretwork; not far was it thence + To go off in search of the giver of jewels: +[66] Hrethel's son Higelac at home there remaineth,[4] + 35 Himself with his comrades close to the sea-coast. + The building was splendid, the king heroic, + Great in his hall, Hygd very young was, + +{Hygd, the noble queen of Higelac, lavish of gifts.} + + Fine-mooded, clever, though few were the winters + That the daughter of Hæreth had dwelt in the borough; + 40 But she nowise was cringing nor niggard of presents, + Of ornaments rare, to the race of the Geatmen. + +{Offa's consort, Thrytho, is contrasted with Hygd.} + + Thrytho nursed anger, excellent[5] folk-queen, + Hot-burning hatred: no hero whatever + 'Mong household companions, her husband excepted + +{She is a terror to all save her husband.} + + 45 Dared to adventure to look at the woman + With eyes in the daytime;[6] but he knew that death-chains + Hand-wreathed were wrought him: early thereafter, + When the hand-strife was over, edges were ready, + That fierce-raging sword-point had to force a decision, + 50 Murder-bale show. Such no womanly custom + For a lady to practise, though lovely her person, + That a weaver-of-peace, on pretence of anger + A belovèd liegeman of life should deprive. + Soothly this hindered Heming's kinsman; + 55 Other ale-drinking earlmen asserted + That fearful folk-sorrows fewer she wrought them, + Treacherous doings, since first she was given + Adorned with gold to the war-hero youthful, + For her origin honored, when Offa's great palace + 60 O'er the fallow flood by her father's instructions + She sought on her journey, where she afterwards fully, + Famed for her virtue, her fate on the king's-seat +[67] Enjoyed in her lifetime, love did she hold with + The ruler of heroes, the best, it is told me, + 65 Of all of the earthmen that oceans encompass, + Of earl-kindreds endless; hence Offa was famous + Far and widely, by gifts and by battles, + Spear-valiant hero; the home of his fathers + He governed with wisdom, whence Eomær did issue + 70 For help unto heroes, Heming's kinsman, + Grandson of Garmund, great in encounters. + + [1] For 'scawan' (1896), 'scaðan' has been proposed. Accepting this, + we may render: _He said the bright-armored warriors were going to + their vessel, welcome, etc_. (Cf. 1804.) + + [2] R. suggests, 'Gewát him on naca,' and renders: _The vessel set + out, to drive on the sea, the Dane-country left_. 'On' bears the + alliteration; cf. 'on hafu' (2524). This has some advantages over the + H.-So. reading; viz. (1) It adds nothing to the text; (2) it makes + 'naca' the subject, and thus brings the passage into keeping with the + context, where the poet has exhausted his vocabulary in detailing the + actions of the vessel.--B.'s emendation (cf. P. and B. XII. 97) is + violent. + + [3] B. translates: _Who for a long time, ready at the coast, had + looked out into the distance eagerly for the dear men_. This changes + the syntax of 'léofra manna.' + + [4] For 'wunað' (v. 1924) several eminent critics suggest 'wunade' + (=remained). This makes the passage much clearer. + + [5] Why should such a woman be described as an 'excellent' queen? C. + suggests 'frécnu' = dangerous, bold. + + [6] For 'an dæges' various readings have been offered. If 'and-éges' + be accepted, the sentence will read: _No hero ... dared look upon her, + eye to eye_. If 'án-dæges' be adopted, translate: _Dared look upon her + the whole day_. + + + + +XXIX. + +BEOWULF AND HIGELAC. + + + Then the brave one departed, his band along with him, + +{Beowulf and his party seek Higelac.} + + Seeking the sea-shore, the sea-marches treading, + The wide-stretching shores. The world-candle glimmered, + The sun from the southward; they proceeded then onward, + 5 Early arriving where they heard that the troop-lord, + Ongentheow's slayer, excellent, youthful + Folk-prince and warrior was distributing jewels, + Close in his castle. The coming of Beowulf + Was announced in a message quickly to Higelac, + 10 That the folk-troop's defender forth to the palace + The linden-companion alive was advancing, + Secure from the combat courtward a-going. + The building was early inward made ready + For the foot-going guests as the good one had ordered. + +{Beowulf sits by his liegelord.} + + 15 He sat by the man then who had lived through the struggle, + Kinsman by kinsman, when the king of the people + Had in lordly language saluted the dear one, + +{Queen Hygd receives the heroes.} + + In words that were formal. The daughter of Hæreth + Coursed through the building, carrying mead-cups:[1] +[68] 20 She loved the retainers, tendered the beakers + To the high-minded Geatmen. Higelac 'gan then + +{Higelac is greatly interested in Beowulf's adventures.} + + Pleasantly plying his companion with questions + In the high-towering palace. A curious interest + Tormented his spirit, what meaning to see in + 25 The Sea-Geats' adventures: "Beowulf worthy, + +{Give an account of thy adventures, Beowulf dear.} + + How throve your journeying, when thou thoughtest suddenly + Far o'er the salt-streams to seek an encounter, + A battle at Heorot? Hast bettered for Hrothgar, + The famous folk-leader, his far-published sorrows + 30 Any at all? In agony-billows + +{My suspense has been great.} + + I mused upon torture, distrusted the journey + Of the belovèd liegeman; I long time did pray thee + By no means to seek out the murderous spirit, + To suffer the South-Danes themselves to decide on[2] + 35 Grappling with Grendel. To God I am thankful + To be suffered to see thee safe from thy journey." + +{Beowulf narrates his adventures.} + + Beowulf answered, bairn of old Ecgtheow: + "'Tis hidden by no means, Higelac chieftain, + From many of men, the meeting so famous, + 40 What mournful moments of me and of Grendel + Were passed in the place where he pressing affliction + On the Victory-Scyldings scathefully brought, + Anguish forever; that all I avengèd, + So that any under heaven of the kinsmen of Grendel + +{Grendel's kindred have no cause to boast.} + + 45 Needeth not boast of that cry-in-the-morning, + Who longest liveth of the loth-going kindred,[3] + Encompassed by moorland. I came in my journey + To the royal ring-hall, Hrothgar to greet there: + +{Hrothgar received me very cordially.} + + Soon did the famous scion of Healfdene, + 50 When he understood fully the spirit that led me, + Assign me a seat with the son of his bosom. +[69] The troop was in joyance; mead-glee greater + 'Neath arch of the ether not ever beheld I + +{The queen also showed up no little honor.} + + 'Mid hall-building holders. The highly-famed queen, + 55 Peace-tie of peoples, oft passed through the building, + Cheered the young troopers; she oft tendered a hero + A beautiful ring-band, ere she went to her sitting. + +{Hrothgar's lovely daughter.} + + Oft the daughter of Hrothgar in view of the courtiers + To the earls at the end the ale-vessel carried, + 60 Whom Freaware I heard then hall-sitters title, + When nail-adorned jewels she gave to the heroes: + +{She is betrothed to Ingeld, in order to unite the Danes and Heathobards.} + + Gold-bedecked, youthful, to the glad son of Froda + Her faith has been plighted; the friend of the Scyldings, + The guard of the kingdom, hath given his sanction,[4] + 65 And counts it a vantage, for a part of the quarrels, + A portion of hatred, to pay with the woman. + [5]Somewhere not rarely, when the ruler has fallen, + The life-taking lance relaxeth its fury + For a brief breathing-spell, though the bride be charming! + + [1] 'Meodu-scencum' (1981) some would render '_with mead-pourers_.' + Translate then: _The daughter of Hæreth went through the building + accompanied by mead-pourers_. + + [2] See my note to 1599, supra, and B. in P. and B. XII. 97. + + [3] For 'fenne,' supplied by Grdtvg., B. suggests 'fácne' (cf. Jul. + 350). Accepting this, translate: _Who longest lives of the hated race, + steeped in treachery_. + + [4] See note to v. 1599 above. + + [5] This is perhaps the least understood sentence in the poem, almost + every word being open to dispute. (1) The 'nó' of our text is an + emendation, and is rejected by many scholars. (2) 'Seldan' is by some + taken as an adv. (= _seldom_), and by others as a noun (= _page_, + _companion_). (3) 'Léod-hryre,' some render '_fall of the people_'; + others, '_fall of the prince_.' (4) 'Búgeð,' most scholars regard as + the intrans. verb meaning '_bend_,' '_rest_'; but one great scholar has + translated it '_shall kill_.' (5) 'Hwær,' Very recently, has been + attacked, 'wære' being suggested. (6) As a corollary to the above, the + same critic proposes to drop 'oft' out of the text.--t.B. suggests: Oft + seldan wære after léodhryre: lýtle hwíle bongár búgeð, þéah séo brýd + duge = _often has a treaty been (thus) struck, after a prince had + fallen: (but only) a short time is the spear (then) wont to rest, + however excellent the bride may be_. + + + + +XXX. + +BEOWULF NARRATES HIS ADVENTURES TO HIGELAC. + + + "It well may discomfit the prince of the Heathobards + And each of the thanemen of earls that attend him, +[70] When he goes to the building escorting the woman, + That a noble-born Daneman the knights should be feasting: + 5 There gleam on his person the leavings of elders + Hard and ring-bright, Heathobards' treasure, + While they wielded their arms, till they misled to the battle + Their own dear lives and belovèd companions. + He saith at the banquet who the collar beholdeth, + 10 An ancient ash-warrior who earlmen's destruction + Clearly recalleth (cruel his spirit), + Sadly beginneth sounding the youthful + Thane-champion's spirit through the thoughts of his bosom, + War-grief to waken, and this word-answer speaketh: + +{Ingeld is stirred up to break the truce.} + + 15 'Art thou able, my friend, to know when thou seest it + The brand which thy father bare to the conflict + In his latest adventure, 'neath visor of helmet, + The dearly-loved iron, where Danemen did slay him, + And brave-mooded Scyldings, on the fall of the heroes, + 20 (When vengeance was sleeping) the slaughter-place wielded? + E'en now some man of the murderer's progeny + Exulting in ornaments enters the building, + Boasts of his blood-shedding, offbeareth the jewel + Which thou shouldst wholly hold in possession!' + 25 So he urgeth and mindeth on every occasion + With woe-bringing words, till waxeth the season + When the woman's thane for the works of his father, + The bill having bitten, blood-gory sleepeth, + Fated to perish; the other one thenceward + 30 'Scapeth alive, the land knoweth thoroughly.[1] + Then the oaths of the earlmen on each side are broken, + When rancors unresting are raging in Ingeld + And his wife-love waxeth less warm after sorrow. + So the Heathobards' favor not faithful I reckon, + 35 Their part in the treaty not true to the Danemen, + Their friendship not fast. I further shall tell thee + +[71] + +{Having made these preliminary statements, I will now tell thee of +Grendel, the monster.} + + More about Grendel, that thou fully mayst hear, + Ornament-giver, what afterward came from + The hand-rush of heroes. When heaven's bright jewel + 40 O'er earthfields had glided, the stranger came raging, + The horrible night-fiend, us for to visit, + Where wholly unharmed the hall we were guarding. + +{Hondscio fell first} + + To Hondscio happened a hopeless contention, + Death to the doomed one, dead he fell foremost, + 45 Girded war-champion; to him Grendel became then, + To the vassal distinguished, a tooth-weaponed murderer, + The well-beloved henchman's body all swallowed. + Not the earlier off empty of hand did + The bloody-toothed murderer, mindful of evils, + 50 Wish to escape from the gold-giver's palace, + But sturdy of strength he strove to outdo me, + Hand-ready grappled. A glove was suspended + Spacious and wondrous, in art-fetters fastened, + Which was fashioned entirely by touch of the craftman + 55 From the dragon's skin by the devil's devices: + He down in its depths would do me unsadly + One among many, deed-doer raging, + Though sinless he saw me; not so could it happen + When I in my anger upright did stand. + 60 'Tis too long to recount how requital I furnished + For every evil to the earlmen's destroyer; + +{I reflected honor upon my people.} + + 'Twas there, my prince, that I proudly distinguished + Thy land with my labors. He left and retreated, + He lived his life a little while longer: + 65 Yet his right-hand guarded his footstep in Heorot, + And sad-mooded thence to the sea-bottom fell he, + Mournful in mind. For the might-rush of battle + +{King Hrothgar lavished gifts upon me.} + + The friend of the Scyldings, with gold that was plated, + With ornaments many, much requited me, + 70 When daylight had dawned, and down to the banquet + We had sat us together. There was chanting and joyance: + The age-stricken Scylding asked many questions +[72] And of old-times related; oft light-ringing harp-strings, + Joy-telling wood, were touched by the brave one; + 75 Now he uttered measures, mourning and truthful, + Then the large-hearted land-king a legend of wonder + Truthfully told us. Now troubled with years + +{The old king is sad over the loss of his youthful vigor.} + + The age-hoary warrior afterward began to + Mourn for the might that marked him in youth-days; + 80 His breast within boiled, when burdened with winters + Much he remembered. From morning till night then + We joyed us therein as etiquette suffered, + Till the second night season came unto earth-folk. + Then early thereafter, the mother of Grendel + +{Grendel's mother.} + + 85 Was ready for vengeance, wretched she journeyed; + Her son had death ravished, the wrath of the Geatmen. + The horrible woman avengèd her offspring, + And with mighty mainstrength murdered a hero. + +{Æschere falls a prey to her vengeance.} + + There the spirit of Æschere, agèd adviser, + 90 Was ready to vanish; nor when morn had lightened + Were they anywise suffered to consume him with fire, + Folk of the Danemen, the death-weakened hero, + Nor the belovèd liegeman to lay on the pyre; + +{She suffered not his body to be burned, but ate it.} + + She the corpse had offcarried in the clutch of the foeman[2] + 95 'Neath mountain-brook's flood. To Hrothgar 'twas saddest + Of pains that ever had preyed on the chieftain; + By the life of thee the land-prince then me[3] + Besought very sadly, in sea-currents' eddies + To display my prowess, to peril my safety, + 100 Might-deeds accomplish; much did he promise. + +{I sought the creature in her den,} + + I found then the famous flood-current's cruel, + Horrible depth-warder. A while unto us two +[73] Hand was in common; the currents were seething + With gore that was clotted, and Grendel's fierce mother's + +{and hewed her head off.} + + 105 Head I offhacked in the hall at the bottom + With huge-reaching sword-edge, hardly I wrested + My life from her clutches; not doomed was I then, + +{Jewels were freely bestowed upon me.} + + But the warden of earlmen afterward gave me + Jewels in quantity, kinsman of Healfdene. + + [1] For 'lifigende' (2063), a mere conjecture, 'wígende' has been + suggested. The line would then read: _Escapeth by fighting, knows the + land thoroughly_. + + [2] For 'fæðmum,' Gr.'s conjecture, B. proposes 'færunga.' These three + half-verses would then read: _She bore off the corpse of her foe + suddenly under the mountain-torrent_. + + [3] The phrase 'þíne lýfe' (2132) was long rendered '_with thy + (presupposed) permission_.' The verse would read: _The land-prince + then sadly besought me, with thy (presupposed) permission, etc_. + + + + +XXXI. + +GIFT-GIVING IS MUTUAL. + + + "So the belovèd land-prince lived in decorum; + I had missed no rewards, no meeds of my prowess, + But he gave me jewels, regarding my wishes, + Healfdene his bairn; I'll bring them to thee, then, + +{All my gifts I lay at thy feet.} + + 5 Atheling of earlmen, offer them gladly. + And still unto thee is all my affection:[1] + But few of my folk-kin find I surviving + But thee, dear Higelac!" Bade he in then to carry[2] + The boar-image, banner, battle-high helmet, + 10 Iron-gray armor, the excellent weapon, + +{This armor I have belonged of yore to Heregar.} + + In song-measures said: "This suit-for-the-battle + Hrothgar presented me, bade me expressly, + Wise-mooded atheling, thereafter to tell thee[3] + The whole of its history, said King Heregar owned it, + 15 Dane-prince for long: yet he wished not to give then +[74] The mail to his son, though dearly he loved him, + Hereward the hardy. Hold all in joyance!" + I heard that there followed hard on the jewels + Two braces of stallions of striking resemblance, + 20 Dappled and yellow; he granted him usance + Of horses and treasures. So a kinsman should bear him, + No web of treachery weave for another, + Nor by cunning craftiness cause the destruction + +{Higelac loves his nephew Beowulf.} + + Of trusty companion. Most precious to Higelac, + 25 The bold one in battle, was the bairn of his sister, + And each unto other mindful of favors. + +{Beowulf gives Hygd the necklace that Wealhtheow had given him.} + + I am told that to Hygd he proffered the necklace, + Wonder-gem rare that Wealhtheow gave him, + The troop-leader's daughter, a trio of horses + 30 Slender and saddle-bright; soon did the jewel + Embellish her bosom, when the beer-feast was over. + So Ecgtheow's bairn brave did prove him, + +{Beowulf is famous.} + + War-famous man, by deeds that were valiant, + He lived in honor, belovèd companions + 35 Slew not carousing; his mood was not cruel, + But by hand-strength hugest of heroes then living + The brave one retained the bountiful gift that + The Lord had allowed him. Long was he wretched, + So that sons of the Geatmen accounted him worthless, + 40 And the lord of the liegemen loth was to do him + Mickle of honor, when mead-cups were passing; + They fully believed him idle and sluggish, + +{He is requited for the slights suffered in earlier days.} + + An indolent atheling: to the honor-blest man there + Came requital for the cuts he had suffered. + 45 The folk-troop's defender bade fetch to the building + The heirloom of Hrethel, embellished with gold, + +{Higelac overwhelms the conqueror with gifts.} + + So the brave one enjoined it; there was jewel no richer + In the form of a weapon 'mong Geats of that era; + In Beowulf's keeping he placed it and gave him + 50 Seven of thousands, manor and lordship. + Common to both was land 'mong the people, +[75] Estate and inherited rights and possessions, + To the second one specially spacious dominions, + To the one who was better. It afterward happened + 55 In days that followed, befell the battle-thanes, + +{After Heardred's death, Beowulf becomes king.} + + After Higelac's death, and when Heardred was murdered + With weapons of warfare 'neath well-covered targets, + When valiant battlemen in victor-band sought him, + War-Scylfing heroes harassed the nephew + 60 Of Hereric in battle. To Beowulf's keeping + Turned there in time extensive dominions: + +{He rules the Geats fifty years.} + + He fittingly ruled them a fifty of winters + (He a man-ruler wise was, manor-ward old) till + A certain one 'gan, on gloom-darkening nights, a + +{The fire-drake.} + + 65 Dragon, to govern, who guarded a treasure, + A high-rising stone-cliff, on heath that was grayish: + A path 'neath it lay, unknown unto mortals. + Some one of earthmen entered the mountain, + The heathenish hoard laid hold of with ardor; + 70 * * * * * * * + * * * * * * * + * * * * * * * + * * * * * * * + * * * * * * * + + [1] This verse B. renders, '_Now serve I again thee alone as my + gracious king_.' + + [2] For 'eafor' (2153), Kl. suggests 'ealdor.' Translate then: _Bade + the prince then to bear in the banner, battle-high helmet, etc_. On + the other hand, W. takes 'eaforhéafodsegn' as a compound, meaning + 'helmet': _He bade them bear in the helmet, battle-high helm, gray + armor, etc_. + + [3] The H.-So. rendering (ærest = _history, origin_; 'eft' for 'est'), + though liable to objection, is perhaps the best offered. 'That I + should very early tell thee of his favor, kindness' sounds well; but + 'his' is badly placed to limit 'ést.'--Perhaps, 'eft' with verbs of + saying may have the force of Lat. prefix 're,' and the H.-So. reading + mean, 'that I should its origin rehearse to thee.' + + + + +XXXII. + +THE HOARD AND THE DRAGON. + + + * * * * * * * + He sought of himself who sorely did harm him, + But, for need very pressing, the servant of one of + The sons of the heroes hate-blows evaded, + 5 Seeking for shelter and the sin-driven warrior + Took refuge within there. He early looked in it, + * * * * * * * + * * * * * * * +[76] * * * * * * when the onset surprised him, + +{The hoard.} + + 10 He a gem-vessel saw there: many of suchlike + Ancient ornaments in the earth-cave were lying, + As in days of yore some one of men of + Illustrious lineage, as a legacy monstrous, + There had secreted them, careful and thoughtful, + 15 Dear-valued jewels. Death had offsnatched them, + In the days of the past, and the one man moreover + Of the flower of the folk who fared there the longest, + Was fain to defer it, friend-mourning warder, + A little longer to be left in enjoyment + 20 Of long-lasting treasure.[1] A barrow all-ready + Stood on the plain the stream-currents nigh to, + New by the ness-edge, unnethe of approaching: + The keeper of rings carried within a + [2]Ponderous deal of the treasure of nobles, + 25 Of gold that was beaten, briefly he spake then:[3] + +{The ring-giver bewails the loss of retainers.} + + "Hold thou, O Earth, now heroes no more may, + The earnings of earlmen. Lo! erst in thy bosom + Worthy men won them; war-death hath ravished, + Perilous life-bale, all my warriors, + 30 Liegemen belovèd, who this life have forsaken, + Who hall-pleasures saw. No sword-bearer have I, + And no one to burnish the gold-plated vessel, + The high-valued beaker: my heroes are vanished. + The hardy helmet behung with gilding + 35 Shall be reaved of its riches: the ring-cleansers slumber + Who were charged to have ready visors-for-battle, + And the burnie that bided in battle-encounter +[77] O'er breaking of war-shields the bite of the edges + Moulds with the hero. The ring-twisted armor, + 40 Its lord being lifeless, no longer may journey + Hanging by heroes; harp-joy is vanished, + The rapture of glee-wood, no excellent falcon + Swoops through the building, no swift-footed charger + Grindeth the gravel. A grievous destruction + 45 No few of the world-folk widely hath scattered!" + So, woful of spirit one after all + Lamented mournfully, moaning in sadness + By day and by night, till death with its billows + +{The fire-dragon} + + Dashed on his spirit. Then the ancient dusk-scather + 50 Found the great treasure standing all open, + He who flaming and fiery flies to the barrows, + Naked war-dragon, nightly escapeth + Encompassed with fire; men under heaven + Widely beheld him. 'Tis said that he looks for[4] + 55 The hoard in the earth, where old he is guarding + The heathenish treasure; he'll be nowise the better. + +{The dragon meets his match.} + + So three-hundred winters the waster of peoples + Held upon earth that excellent hoard-hall, + Till the forementioned earlman angered him bitterly: + 60 The beat-plated beaker he bare to his chieftain + And fullest remission for all his remissness + Begged of his liegelord. Then the hoard[5] was discovered, + The treasure was taken, his petition was granted + +{The hero plunders the dragon's den} + + The lorn-mooded liegeman. His lord regarded + 65 The old-work of earth-folk--'twas the earliest occasion. + When the dragon awoke, the strife was renewed there; + He snuffed 'long the stone then, stout-hearted found he +[78] The footprint of foeman; too far had he gone + With cunning craftiness close to the head of + 70 The fire-spewing dragon. So undoomed he may 'scape from + Anguish and exile with ease who possesseth + The favor of Heaven. The hoard-warden eagerly + Searched o'er the ground then, would meet with the person + That caused him sorrow while in slumber reclining: + 75 Gleaming and wild he oft went round the cavern, + All of it outward; not any of earthmen + Was seen in that desert.[6] Yet he joyed in the battle, + Rejoiced in the conflict: oft he turned to the barrow, + Sought for the gem-cup;[7] this he soon perceived then + +{The dragon perceives that some one has disturbed his treasure.} + + 80 That some man or other had discovered the gold, + The famous folk-treasure. Not fain did the hoard-ward + Wait until evening; then the ward of the barrow + Was angry in spirit, the loathèd one wished to + Pay for the dear-valued drink-cup with fire. + 85 Then the day was done as the dragon would have it, + He no longer would wait on the wall, but departed + +{The dragon is infuriated.} + + Fire-impelled, flaming. Fearful the start was + To earls in the land, as it early thereafter + To their giver-of-gold was grievously ended. + + [1] For 'long-gestréona,' B. suggests 'láengestréona,' and renders, + _Of fleeting treasures_. S. accepts H.'s 'long-gestréona,' but + renders, _The treasure long in accumulating_. + + [2] For 'hard-fyrdne' (2246), B. first suggested 'hard-fyndne,' + rendering: _A heap of treasures ... so great that its equal would be + hard to find_. The same scholar suggests later 'hord-wynne dæl' = _A + deal of treasure-joy_. + + [3] Some read 'fec-word' (2247), and render: _Banning words uttered_. + + [4] An earlier reading of H.'s gave the following meaning to this + passage: _He is said to inhabit a mound under the earth, where he, + etc._ The translation in the text is more authentic. + + [5] The repetition of 'hord' in this passage has led some scholars to + suggest new readings to avoid the second 'hord.' This, however, is not + under the main stress, and, it seems to me, might easily be accepted. + + [6] The reading of H.-So. is well defended in the notes to that + volume. B. emends and renders: _Nor was there any man in that desert + who rejoiced in conflict, in battle-work._ That is, the hoard-ward + could not find any one who had disturbed his slumbers, for no warrior + was there, t.B.'s emendation would give substantially the same + translation. + + [7] 'Sinc-fæt' (2301): this word both here and in v. 2232, t.B. + renders 'treasure.' + + + + +XXXIII. + +BRAVE THOUGH AGED.--REMINISCENCES. + + +{The dragon spits fire.} + + The stranger began then to vomit forth fire, + To burn the great manor; the blaze then glimmered + For anguish to earlmen, not anything living +[79] Was the hateful air-goer willing to leave there. + 5 The war of the worm widely was noticed, + The feud of the foeman afar and anear, + How the enemy injured the earls of the Geatmen, + Harried with hatred: back he hied to the treasure, + To the well-hidden cavern ere the coming of daylight. + 10 He had circled with fire the folk of those regions, + With brand and burning; in the barrow he trusted, + In the wall and his war-might: the weening deceived him. + +{Beowulf hears of the havoc wrought by the dragon.} + + Then straight was the horror to Beowulf published, + Early forsooth, that his own native homestead,[1] + 15 The best of buildings, was burning and melting, + Gift-seat of Geatmen. 'Twas a grief to the spirit + Of the good-mooded hero, the greatest of sorrows: + +{He fears that Heaven is punishing him for some crime.} + + The wise one weened then that wielding his kingdom + 'Gainst the ancient commandments, he had bitterly angered + 20 The Lord everlasting: with lorn meditations + His bosom welled inward, as was nowise his custom. + The fire-spewing dragon fully had wasted + The fastness of warriors, the water-land outward, + The manor with fire. The folk-ruling hero, + 25 Prince of the Weders, was planning to wreak him. + The warmen's defender bade them to make him, + Earlmen's atheling, an excellent war-shield + +{He orders an iron shield to be made from him, wood is useless.} + + Wholly of iron: fully he knew then + That wood from the forest was helpless to aid him, + 30 Shield against fire. The long-worthy ruler + Must live the last of his limited earth-days, + Of life in the world and the worm along with him, + Though he long had been holding hoard-wealth in plenty. + +{He determines to fight alone.} + + Then the ring-prince disdained to seek with a war-band, + 35 With army extensive, the air-going ranger; + He felt no fear of the foeman's assaults and + He counted for little the might of the dragon, +[80] His power and prowess: for previously dared he + +{Beowulf's early triumphs referred to} + + A heap of hostility, hazarded dangers, + 40 War-thane, when Hrothgar's palace he cleansèd, + Conquering combatant, clutched in the battle + The kinsmen of Grendel, of kindred detested.[2] + +{Higelac's death recalled.} + + 'Twas of hand-fights not least where Higelac was slaughtered, + When the king of the Geatmen with clashings of battle, + 45 Friend-lord of folks in Frisian dominions, + Offspring of Hrethrel perished through sword-drink, + With battle-swords beaten; thence Beowulf came then + On self-help relying, swam through the waters; + He bare on his arm, lone-going, thirty + 50 Outfits of armor, when the ocean he mounted. + The Hetwars by no means had need to be boastful + Of their fighting afoot, who forward to meet him + Carried their war-shields: not many returned from + The brave-mooded battle-knight back to their homesteads. + 55 Ecgtheow's bairn o'er the bight-courses swam then, + Lone-goer lorn to his land-folk returning, + Where Hygd to him tendered treasure and kingdom, + +{Heardred's lack of capacity to rule.} + + Rings and dominion: her son she not trusted, + To be able to keep the kingdom devised him + 60 'Gainst alien races, on the death of King Higelac. + +{Beowulf's tact and delicacy recalled.} + + Yet the sad ones succeeded not in persuading the atheling + In any way ever, to act as a suzerain + To Heardred, or promise to govern the kingdom; + Yet with friendly counsel in the folk he sustained him, + 65 Gracious, with honor, till he grew to be older, + +{Reference is here made to a visit which Beowulf receives from Eanmund and +Eadgils, why they come is not known.} + + Wielded the Weders. Wide-fleeing outlaws, + Ohthere's sons, sought him o'er the waters: + They had stirred a revolt 'gainst the helm of the Scylfings, + The best of the sea-kings, who in Swedish dominions + 70 Distributed treasure, distinguished folk-leader. +[81] 'Twas the end of his earth-days; injury fatal[3] + By swing of the sword he received as a greeting, + Offspring of Higelac; Ongentheow's bairn + Later departed to visit his homestead, + 75 When Heardred was dead; let Beowulf rule them, + Govern the Geatmen: good was that folk-king. + + [1] 'Hám' (2326), the suggestion of B. is accepted by t.B. and other + scholars. + + [2] For 'láðan cynnes' (2355), t.B. suggests 'láðan cynne,' apposition + to 'mægum.' From syntactical and other considerations, this is a most + excellent emendation. + + [3] Gr. read 'on feorme' (2386), rendering: _He there at the banquet a + fatal wound received by blows of the sword._ + + + + +XXXIV. + +BEOWULF SEEKS THE DRAGON.--BEOWULF'S REMINISCENCES. + + + He planned requital for the folk-leader's ruin + In days thereafter, to Eadgils the wretched + Becoming an enemy. Ohthere's son then + Went with a war-troop o'er the wide-stretching currents + 5 With warriors and weapons: with woe-journeys cold he + After avenged him, the king's life he took. + +{Beowulf has been preserved through many perils.} + + So he came off uninjured from all of his battles, + Perilous fights, offspring of Ecgtheow, + From his deeds of daring, till that day most momentous + 10 When he fate-driven fared to fight with the dragon. + +{With eleven comrades, he seeks the dragon.} + + With eleven companions the prince of the Geatmen + Went lowering with fury to look at the fire-drake: + Inquiring he'd found how the feud had arisen, + Hate to his heroes; the highly-famed gem-vessel + 15 Was brought to his keeping through the hand of th' informer. + +{A guide leads the way, but} + + That in the throng was thirteenth of heroes, + That caused the beginning of conflict so bitter, + Captive and wretched, must sad-mooded thenceward + +{very reluctantly.} + + Point out the place: he passed then unwillingly + 20 To the spot where he knew of the notable cavern, + The cave under earth, not far from the ocean, + The anger of eddies, which inward was full of + Jewels and wires: a warden uncanny, +[82] Warrior weaponed, wardered the treasure, + 25 Old under earth; no easy possession + For any of earth-folk access to get to. + Then the battle-brave atheling sat on the naze-edge, + While the gold-friend of Geatmen gracious saluted + His fireside-companions: woe was his spirit, + 30 Death-boding, wav'ring; Weird very near him, + Who must seize the old hero, his soul-treasure look for, + Dragging aloof his life from his body: + Not flesh-hidden long was the folk-leader's spirit. + Beowulf spake, Ecgtheow's son: + +{Beowulf's retrospect.} + + 35 "I survived in my youth-days many a conflict, + Hours of onset: that all I remember. + I was seven-winters old when the jewel-prince took me, + High-lord of heroes, at the hands of my father, + Hrethel the hero-king had me in keeping, + +{Hrethel took me when I was seven.} + + 40 Gave me treasure and feasting, our kinship remembered; + Not ever was I _any_ less dear to him + +{He treated me as a son.} + + Knight in the boroughs, than the bairns of his household, + Herebald and Hæthcyn and Higelac mine. + To the eldest unjustly by acts of a kinsman + 45 Was murder-bed strewn, since him Hæthcyn from horn-bow + +{One of the brothers accidentally kills another.} + + His sheltering chieftain shot with an arrow, + Erred in his aim and injured his kinsman, + One brother the other, with blood-sprinkled spear: + +{No fee could compound for such a calamity.} + + 'Twas a feeless fight, finished in malice, + 50 Sad to his spirit; the folk-prince however + Had to part from existence with vengeance untaken. + +{[A parallel case is supposed.]} + + So to hoar-headed hero 'tis heavily crushing[1] +[83] To live to see his son as he rideth + Young on the gallows: then measures he chanteth, + 55 A song of sorrow, when his son is hanging + For the raven's delight, and aged and hoary + He is unable to offer any assistance. + Every morning his offspring's departure + Is constant recalled: he cares not to wait for + 60 The birth of an heir in his borough-enclosures, + Since that one through death-pain the deeds hath experienced. + He heart-grieved beholds in the house of his son the + Wine-building wasted, the wind-lodging places + Reaved of their roaring; the riders are sleeping, + 65 The knights in the grave; there's no sound of the harp-wood, + Joy in the yards, as of yore were familiar. + + [1] 'Gomelum ceorle' (2445).--H. takes these words as referring to + Hrethel; but the translator here departs from his editor by + understanding the poet to refer to a hypothetical old man, introduced + as an illustration of a father's sorrow. + + Hrethrel had certainly never seen a son of his ride on the gallows to + feed the crows. + + The passage beginning 'swá bið géomorlic' seems to be an effort to + reach a full simile, 'as ... so.' 'As it is mournful for an old man, + etc. ... so the defence of the Weders (2463) bore heart-sorrow, etc.' + The verses 2451 to 2463-1/2 would be parenthetical, the poet's feelings + being so strong as to interrupt the simile. The punctuation of the + fourth edition would be better--a comma after 'galgan' (2447). The + translation may be indicated as follows: _(Just) as it is sad for an + old man to see his son ride young on the gallows when he himself is + uttering mournful measures, a sorrowful song, while his son hangs for a + comfort to the raven, and he, old and infirm, cannot render him any + kelp--(he is constantly reminded, etc., 2451-2463)--so the defence of + the Weders, etc._ + + + + +XXXV. + +REMINISCENCES (_continued_).--BEOWULF'S LAST BATTLE. + + + "He seeks then his chamber, singeth a woe-song + One for the other; all too extensive + Seemed homesteads and plains. So the helm of the Weders + +{Hrethel grieves for Herebald.} + + Mindful of Herebald heart-sorrow carried, + 5 Stirred with emotion, nowise was able + To wreak his ruin on the ruthless destroyer: + He was unable to follow the warrior with hatred, + With deeds that were direful, though dear he not held him. +[84] Then pressed by the pang this pain occasioned him, + 10 He gave up glee, God-light elected; + He left to his sons, as the man that is rich does, + His land and fortress, when from life he departed. + +{Strife between Swedes and Geats.} + + Then was crime and hostility 'twixt Swedes and Geatmen, + O'er wide-stretching water warring was mutual, + 15 Burdensome hatred, when Hrethel had perished, + And Ongentheow's offspring were active and valiant, + Wished not to hold to peace oversea, but + Round Hreosna-beorh often accomplished + Cruelest massacre. This my kinsman avengèd, + 20 The feud and fury, as 'tis found on inquiry, + Though one of them paid it with forfeit of life-joys, + +{Hæthcyn's fall at Ravenswood.} + + With price that was hard: the struggle became then + Fatal to Hæthcyn, lord of the Geatmen. + Then I heard that at morning one brother the other + 25 With edges of irons egged on to murder, + Where Ongentheow maketh onset on Eofor: + The helmet crashed, the hoary-haired Scylfing + Sword-smitten fell, his hand then remembered + Feud-hate sufficient, refused not the death-blow. + +{I requited him for the jewels he gave me.} + + 30 The gems that he gave me, with jewel-bright sword I + 'Quited in contest, as occasion was offered: + Land he allowed me, life-joy at homestead, + Manor to live on. Little he needed + From Gepids or Danes or in Sweden to look for + 35 Trooper less true, with treasure to buy him; + 'Mong foot-soldiers ever in front I would hie me, + Alone in the vanguard, and evermore gladly + Warfare shall wage, while this weapon endureth + That late and early often did serve me + +{Beowulf refers to his having slain Dæghrefn.} + + 40 When I proved before heroes the slayer of Dæghrefn, + Knight of the Hugmen: he by no means was suffered + To the king of the Frisians to carry the jewels, + The breast-decoration; but the banner-possessor + Bowed in the battle, brave-mooded atheling. +[85] 45 No weapon was slayer, but war-grapple broke then + The surge of his spirit, his body destroying. + Now shall weapon's edge make war for the treasure, + And hand and firm-sword." Beowulf spake then, + Boast-words uttered--the latest occasion: + +{He boasts of his youthful prowess, and declares himself still fearless.} + + 50 "I braved in my youth-days battles unnumbered; + Still am I willing the struggle to look for, + Fame-deeds perform, folk-warden prudent, + If the hateful despoiler forth from his cavern + Seeketh me out!" Each of the heroes, + 55 Helm-bearers sturdy, he thereupon greeted + +{His last salutations.} + + Belovèd co-liegemen--his last salutation: + "No brand would I bear, no blade for the dragon, + Wist I a way my word-boast to 'complish[1] + Else with the monster, as with Grendel I did it; + 60 But fire in the battle hot I expect there, + Furious flame-burning: so I fixed on my body + Target and war-mail. The ward of the barrow[2] + I'll not flee from a foot-length, the foeman uncanny. + At the wall 'twill befall us as Fate decreeth, + +{Let Fate decide between us.} + + 65 Each one's Creator. I am eager in spirit, + With the wingèd war-hero to away with all boasting. + Bide on the barrow with burnies protected, + +{Wait ye here till the battle is over.} + + Earls in armor, which of _us_ two may better + Bear his disaster, when the battle is over. + 70 'Tis no matter of yours, and man cannot do it, + But me and me only, to measure his strength with + The monster of malice, might-deeds to 'complish. + I with prowess shall gain the gold, or the battle, +[86] Direful death-woe will drag off your ruler!" + 75 The mighty champion rose by his shield then, + Brave under helmet, in battle-mail went he + 'Neath steep-rising stone-cliffs, the strength he relied on + Of one man alone: no work for a coward. + Then he saw by the wall who a great many battles + 80 Had lived through, most worthy, when foot-troops collided, + +{The place of strife is described.} + + Stone-arches standing, stout-hearted champion, + Saw a brook from the barrow bubbling out thenceward: + The flood of the fountain was fuming with war-flame: + Not nigh to the hoard, for season the briefest + 85 Could he brave, without burning, the abyss that was yawning, + The drake was so fiery. The prince of the Weders + Caused then that words came from his bosom, + So fierce was his fury; the firm-hearted shouted: + His battle-clear voice came in resounding + 90 'Neath the gray-colored stone. Stirred was his hatred, + +{Beowulf calls out under the stone arches.} + + The hoard-ward distinguished the speech of a man; + Time was no longer to look out for friendship. + The breath of the monster issued forth first, + Vapory war-sweat, out of the stone-cave: + +{The terrible encounter.} + + 95 The earth re-echoed. The earl 'neath the barrow + Lifted his shield, lord of the Geatmen, + Tow'rd the terrible stranger: the ring-twisted creature's + Heart was then ready to seek for a struggle. + +{Beowulf brandishes his sword,} + + The excellent battle-king first brandished his weapon, + 100 The ancient heirloom, of edges unblunted,[3] + To the death-planners twain was terror from other. + +{and stands against his shield.} + + The lord of the troopers intrepidly stood then + 'Gainst his high-rising shield, when the dragon coiled him + +{The dragon coils himself.} + + Quickly together: in corslet he bided. +[87] 105 He went then in blazes, bended and striding, + Hasting him forward. His life and body + The targe well protected, for time-period shorter + Than wish demanded for the well-renowned leader, + Where he then for the first day was forced to be victor, + 110 Famous in battle, as Fate had not willed it. + The lord of the Geatmen uplifted his hand then, + Smiting the fire-drake with sword that was precious, + That bright on the bone the blade-edge did weaken, + Bit more feebly than his folk-leader needed, + 115 Burdened with bale-griefs. Then the barrow-protector, + +{The dragon rages} + + When the sword-blow had fallen, was fierce in his spirit, + Flinging his fires, flamings of battle + Gleamed then afar: the gold-friend of Weders + +{Beowulf's sword fails him.} + + Boasted no conquests, his battle-sword failed him + 120 Naked in conflict, as by no means it ought to, + Long-trusty weapon. 'Twas no slight undertaking + That Ecgtheow's famous offspring would leave + The drake-cavern's bottom; he must live in some region + Other than this, by the will of the dragon, + 125 As each one of earthmen existence must forfeit. + 'Twas early thereafter the excellent warriors + +{The combat is renewed.} + + Met with each other. Anew and afresh + The hoard-ward took heart (gasps heaved then his bosom): + +{The great hero is reduced to extremities.} + + Sorrow he suffered encircled with fire + 130 Who the people erst governed. His companions by no means + Were banded about him, bairns of the princes, + +{His comrades flee!} + + With valorous spirit, but they sped to the forest, + Seeking for safety. The soul-deeps of one were + +{Blood is thicker than water.} + + Ruffled by care: kin-love can never + 135 Aught in him waver who well doth consider. + +[88] + + [1] The clause 2520(2)-2522(1), rendered by 'Wist I ... monster,' Gr., + followed by S., translates substantially as follows: _If I knew how + else I might combat the boastful defiance of the monster_.--The + translation turns upon 'wiðgrípan,' a word not understood. + + [2] B. emends and translates: _I will not flee the space of a foot + from the guard of the barrow, but there shall be to us a fight at the + wall, as fate decrees, each one's Creator._ + + [3] The translation of this passage is based on 'unsláw' (2565), + accepted by H.-So., in lieu of the long-standing 'ungléaw.' The former + is taken as an adj. limiting 'sweord'; the latter as an adj. c. + 'gúð-cyning': _The good war-king, rash with edges, brandished his + sword, his old relic._ The latter gives a more rhetorical Anglo-Saxon + (poetical) sentence. + + + + +XXXVI. + +WIGLAF THE TRUSTY.--BEOWULF IS DESERTED BY FRIENDS AND BY SWORD. + + +{Wiglaf remains true--the ideal Teutonic liegeman.} + + The son of Weohstan was Wiglaf entitled, + Shield-warrior precious, prince of the Scylfings, + Ælfhere's kinsman: he saw his dear liegelord + Enduring the heat 'neath helmet and visor. + 5 Then he minded the holding that erst he had given him, + +{Wiglaf recalls Beowulf's generosity.} + + The Wægmunding warriors' wealth-blessèd homestead, + Each of the folk-rights his father had wielded; + He was hot for the battle, his hand seized the target, + The yellow-bark shield, he unsheathed his old weapon, + 10 Which was known among earthmen as the relic of Eanmund, + Ohthere's offspring, whom, exiled and friendless, + Weohstan did slay with sword-edge in battle, + And carried his kinsman the clear-shining helmet, + The ring-made burnie, the old giant-weapon + 15 That Onela gave him, his boon-fellow's armor, + Ready war-trappings: he the feud did not mention, + Though he'd fatally smitten the son of his brother. + Many a half-year held he the treasures, + The bill and the burnie, till his bairn became able, + 20 Like his father before him, fame-deeds to 'complish; + Then he gave him 'mong Geatmen a goodly array of + Weeds for his warfare; he went from life then + Old on his journey. 'Twas the earliest time then + +{This is Wiglaf's first battle as liegeman of Beowulf.} + + That the youthful champion might charge in the battle + 25 Aiding his liegelord; his spirit was dauntless. + Nor did kinsman's bequest quail at the battle: + This the dragon discovered on their coming together. + Wiglaf uttered many a right-saying, + Said to his fellows, sad was his spirit: + +{Wiglaf appeals to the pride of the cowards.} + + 30 "I remember the time when, tasting the mead-cup, + We promised in the hall the lord of us all +[89] Who gave us these ring-treasures, that this battle-equipment, + Swords and helmets, we'd certainly quite him, + Should need of such aid ever befall him: + +{How we have forfeited our liegelord's confidence!} + + 35 In the war-band he chose us for this journey spontaneously, + Stirred us to glory and gave me these jewels, + Since he held and esteemed us trust-worthy spearmen, + Hardy helm-bearers, though this hero-achievement + Our lord intended alone to accomplish, + 40 Ward of his people, for most of achievements, + Doings audacious, he did among earth-folk. + +{Our lord is in sore need of us.} + + The day is now come when the ruler of earthmen + Needeth the vigor of valiant heroes: + Let us wend us towards him, the war-prince to succor, + 45 While the heat yet rageth, horrible fire-fight. + +{I would rather die than go home with out my suzerain.} + + God wot in me, 'tis mickle the liefer + The blaze should embrace my body and eat it + With my treasure-bestower. Meseemeth not proper + To bear our battle-shields back to our country, + 50 'Less first we are able to fell and destroy the + Long-hating foeman, to defend the life of + +{Surely he does not deserve to die alone.} + + The prince of the Weders. Well do I know 'tisn't + Earned by his exploits, he only of Geatmen + Sorrow should suffer, sink in the battle: + 55 Brand and helmet to us both shall be common, + [1]Shield-cover, burnie." Through the bale-smoke he stalked then, + Went under helmet to the help of his chieftain, + +{Wiglaf reminds Beowulf of his youthful boasts.} + + Briefly discoursing: "Beowulf dear, + Perform thou all fully, as thou formerly saidst, + 60 In thy youthful years, that while yet thou livedst +[90] Thou wouldst let thine honor not ever be lessened. + Thy life thou shalt save, mighty in actions, + Atheling undaunted, with all of thy vigor; + +{The monster advances on them.} + + I'll give thee assistance." The dragon came raging, + 65 Wild-mooded stranger, when these words had been uttered + ('Twas the second occasion), seeking his enemies, + Men that were hated, with hot-gleaming fire-waves; + With blaze-billows burned the board to its edges: + The fight-armor failed then to furnish assistance + 70 To the youthful spear-hero: but the young-agèd stripling + Quickly advanced 'neath his kinsman's war-target, + Since his own had been ground in the grip of the fire. + +{Beowulf strikes at the dragon.} + + Then the warrior-king was careful of glory, + He soundly smote with sword-for-the-battle, + 75 That it stood in the head by hatred driven; + Nægling was shivered, the old and iron-made + +{His sword fails him.} + + Brand of Beowulf in battle deceived him. + 'Twas denied him that edges of irons were able + To help in the battle; the hand was too mighty + 80 [2]Which every weapon, as I heard on inquiry, + Outstruck in its stroke, when to struggle he carried + The wonderful war-sword: it waxed him no better. + +{The dragon advances on Beowulf again.} + + Then the people-despoiler--third of his onsets-- + Fierce-raging fire-drake, of feud-hate was mindful, + 85 Charged on the strong one, when chance was afforded, + Heated and war-grim, seized on his neck + With teeth that were bitter; he bloody did wax with + Soul-gore seething; sword-blood in waves boiled. + + [1] The passage '_Brand ... burnie_,' is much disputed. In the first + place, some eminent critics assume a gap of at least two + half-verses.--'Úrum' (2660), being a peculiar form, has been much + discussed. 'Byrdu-scrúd' is also a crux. B. suggests 'býwdu-scrúd' = + _splendid vestments_. Nor is 'bám' accepted by all, 'béon' being + suggested. Whatever the individual words, the passage must mean, "_I + intend to share with him my equipments of defence_." + + [2] B. would render: _Which, as I heard, excelled in stroke every + sword that he carried to the strife, even the strongest (sword)._ For + 'Þonne' he reads 'Þone,' rel. pr. + +[91] + + + + +XXXVII. + +THE FATAL STRUGGLE.--BEOWULF'S LAST MOMENTS. + + +{Wiglaf defends Beowulf.} + + Then I heard that at need of the king of the people + The upstanding earlman exhibited prowess, + Vigor and courage, as suited his nature; + [1]He his head did not guard, but the high-minded liegeman's + 5 Hand was consumed, when he succored his kinsman, + So he struck the strife-bringing strange-comer lower, + Earl-thane in armor, that _in_ went the weapon + Gleaming and plated, that 'gan then the fire[2] + +{Beowulf draws his knife,} + + Later to lessen. The liegelord himself then + 10 Retained his consciousness, brandished his war-knife, + Battle-sharp, bitter, that he bare on his armor: + +{and cuts the dragon.} + + The Weder-lord cut the worm in the middle. + They had felled the enemy (life drove out then[3] + Puissant prowess), the pair had destroyed him, + 15 Land-chiefs related: so a liegeman should prove him, + A thaneman when needed. To the prince 'twas the last of + His era of conquest by his own great achievements, + +[92] + +{Beowulf's wound swells and burns.} + + The latest of world-deeds. The wound then began + Which the earth-dwelling dragon erstwhile had wrought him + 20 To burn and to swell. He soon then discovered + That bitterest bale-woe in his bosom was raging, + Poison within. The atheling advanced then, + +{He sits down exhausted.} + + That along by the wall, he prudent of spirit + Might sit on a settle; he saw the giant-work, + 25 How arches of stone strengthened with pillars + The earth-hall eternal inward supported. + Then the long-worthy liegeman laved with his hand the + +{Wiglaf bathes his lord's head.} + + Far-famous chieftain, gory from sword-edge, + Refreshing the face of his friend-lord and ruler, + 30 Sated with battle, unbinding his helmet. + Beowulf answered, of his injury spake he, + His wound that was fatal (he was fully aware + He had lived his allotted life-days enjoying + The pleasures of earth; then past was entirely + 35 His measure of days, death very near): + +{Beowulf regrets that he has no son.} + + "My son I would give now my battle-equipments, + Had any of heirs been after me granted, + Along of my body. This people I governed + Fifty of winters: no king 'mong my neighbors + 40 Dared to encounter me with comrades-in-battle, + Try me with terror. The time to me ordered + I bided at home, mine own kept fitly, + Sought me no snares, swore me not many + +{I can rejoice in a well-spent life.} + + Oaths in injustice. Joy over all this + 45 I'm able to have, though ill with my death-wounds; + Hence the Ruler of Earthmen need not charge me + With the killing of kinsmen, when cometh my life out + Forth from my body. Fare thou with haste now + +{Bring me the hoard, Wiglaf, that my dying eyes may be refreshed by a +sight of it.} + + To behold the hoard 'neath the hoar-grayish stone, + 50 Well-lovèd Wiglaf, now the worm is a-lying, + Sore-wounded sleepeth, disseized of his treasure. + Go thou in haste that treasures of old I, + Gold-wealth may gaze on, together see lying +[93] The ether-bright jewels, be easier able, + 55 Having the heap of hoard-gems, to yield my + Life and the land-folk whom long I have governed." + + [1] B. renders: _He_ (_W_.) did not regard his (_the dragon's_) _head_ + (since Beowulf had struck it without effect), _but struck the dragon a + little lower down.--_One crux is to find out _whose head_ is meant; + another is to bring out the antithesis between 'head' and 'hand.' + + [2] 'Þæt þæt fýr' (2702), S. emends to 'þá þæt fýr' = _when the fire + began to grow less intense afterward_. This emendation relieves the + passage of a plethora of conjunctive _þæt_'s. + + [3] For 'gefyldan' (2707), S. proposes 'gefylde.' The passage would + read: _He felled the foe (life drove out strength), and they then both + had destroyed him, chieftains related_. This gives Beowulf the credit + of having felled the dragon; then they combine to annihilate him.--For + 'ellen' (2707), Kl. suggests 'e(a)llne.'--The reading '_life drove out + strength_' is very unsatisfactory and very peculiar. I would suggest + as follows: Adopt S.'s emendation, remove H.'s parenthesis, read + 'ferh-ellen wræc,' and translate: _He felled the foe, drove out his + life-strength_ (that is, made him _hors de combat_), _and then they + both, etc_. + + + + +XXXVIII. + +WIGLAF PLUNDERS THE DRAGON'S DEN.--BEOWULF'S DEATH. + + +{Wiglaf fulfils his lord's behest.} + + Then heard I that Wihstan's son very quickly, + These words being uttered, heeded his liegelord + Wounded and war-sick, went in his armor, + His well-woven ring-mail, 'neath the roof of the barrow. + 5 Then the trusty retainer treasure-gems many + +{The dragon's den.} + + Victorious saw, when the seat he came near to, + Gold-treasure sparkling spread on the bottom, + Wonder on the wall, and the worm-creature's cavern, + The ancient dawn-flier's, vessels a-standing, + 10 Cups of the ancients of cleansers bereavèd, + Robbed of their ornaments: there were helmets in numbers, + Old and rust-eaten, arm-bracelets many, + Artfully woven. Wealth can easily, + Gold on the sea-bottom, turn into vanity[1] + 15 Each one of earthmen, arm him who pleaseth! + And he saw there lying an all-golden banner + High o'er the hoard, of hand-wonders greatest, + Linkèd with lacets: a light from it sparkled, + That the floor of the cavern he was able to look on, + +{The dragon is not there.} + + 20 To examine the jewels. Sight of the dragon +[94] Not any was offered, but edge offcarried him. + +{Wiglaf bears the hoard away.} + + Then I heard that the hero the hoard-treasure plundered, + The giant-work ancient reaved in the cavern, + Bare on his bosom the beakers and platters, + 25 As himself would fain have it, and took off the standard, + The brightest of beacons;[2] the bill had erst injured + (Its edge was of iron), the old-ruler's weapon, + Him who long had watched as ward of the jewels, + Who fire-terror carried hot for the treasure, + 30 Rolling in battle, in middlemost darkness, + Till murdered he perished. The messenger hastened, + Not loth to return, hurried by jewels: + Curiosity urged him if, excellent-mooded, + Alive he should find the lord of the Weders + 35 Mortally wounded, at the place where he left him. + 'Mid the jewels he found then the famous old chieftain, + His liegelord belovèd, at his life's-end gory: + He thereupon 'gan to lave him with water, + Till the point of his word piercèd his breast-hoard. + 40 Beowulf spake (the gold-gems he noticed), + +{Beowulf is rejoiced to see the jewels.} + + The old one in sorrow: "For the jewels I look on + Thanks do I utter for all to the Ruler, + Wielder of Worship, with words of devotion, + The Lord everlasting, that He let me such treasures + 45 Gain for my people ere death overtook me. + Since I've bartered the agèd life to me granted + For treasure of jewels, attend ye henceforward + +{He desires to be held in memory by his people.} + + The wants of the war-thanes; I can wait here no longer. + The battle-famed bid ye to build them a grave-hill, + 50 Bright when I'm burned, at the brim-current's limit; + As a memory-mark to the men I have governed, +[95] Aloft it shall tower on Whale's-Ness uprising, + That earls of the ocean hereafter may call it + Beowulf's barrow, those who barks ever-dashing + 55 From a distance shall drive o'er the darkness of waters." + +{The hero's last gift} + + The bold-mooded troop-lord took from his neck then + The ring that was golden, gave to his liegeman, + The youthful war-hero, his gold-flashing helmet, + His collar and war-mail, bade him well to enjoy them: + +{and last words.} + + 60 "Thou art latest left of the line of our kindred, + Of Wægmunding people: Weird hath offcarried + All of my kinsmen to the Creator's glory, + Earls in their vigor: I shall after them fare." + 'Twas the aged liegelord's last-spoken word in + 65 His musings of spirit, ere he mounted the fire, + The battle-waves burning: from his bosom departed + His soul to seek the sainted ones' glory. + + [1] The word 'oferhígian' (2767) being vague and little understood, + two quite distinct translations of this passage have arisen. One takes + 'oferhígian' as meaning 'to exceed,' and, inserting 'hord' after + 'gehwone,' renders: _The treasure may easily, the gold in the ground, + exceed in value every hoard of man, hide it who will._ The other takes + 'oferhígian' as meaning 'to render arrogant,' and, giving the sentence + a moralizing tone, renders substantially as in the body of this work. + (Cf. 28_13 et seq.) + + [2] The passage beginning here is very much disputed. 'The bill of the + old lord' is by some regarded as Beowulf's sword; by others, as that + of the ancient possessor of the hoard. 'Ær gescód' (2778), translated + in this work as verb and adverb, is by some regarded as a compound + participial adj. = _sheathed in brass_. + + + + +XXXIX. + +THE DEAD FOES.--WIGLAF'S BITTER TAUNTS. + + +{Wiglaf is sorely grieved to see his lord look so un-warlike.} + + It had wofully chanced then the youthful retainer + To behold on earth the most ardent-belovèd + At his life-days' limit, lying there helpless. + The slayer too lay there, of life all bereavèd, + 5 Horrible earth-drake, harassed with sorrow: + +{The dragon has plundered his last hoard.} + + The round-twisted monster was permitted no longer + To govern the ring-hoards, but edges of war-swords + Mightily seized him, battle-sharp, sturdy + Leavings of hammers, that still from his wounds + 10 The flier-from-farland fell to the earth + Hard by his hoard-house, hopped he at midnight + Not e'er through the air, nor exulting in jewels + Suffered them to see him: but he sank then to earthward + Through the hero-chief's handwork. I heard sure it throve then + +[96] + +{Few warriors dared to face the monster.} + + 15 But few in the land of liegemen of valor, + Though of every achievement bold he had proved him, + To run 'gainst the breath of the venomous scather, + Or the hall of the treasure to trouble with hand-blows, + If he watching had found the ward of the hoard-hall + 20 On the barrow abiding. Beowulf's part of + The treasure of jewels was paid for with death; + Each of the twain had attained to the end of + Life so unlasting. Not long was the time till + +{The cowardly thanes come out of the thicket.} + + The tardy-at-battle returned from the thicket, + 25 The timid truce-breakers ten all together, + Who durst not before play with the lances + In the prince of the people's pressing emergency; + +{They are ashamed of their desertion.} + + But blushing with shame, with shields they betook them, + With arms and armor where the old one was lying: + 30 They gazed upon Wiglaf. He was sitting exhausted, + Foot-going fighter, not far from the shoulders + Of the lord of the people, would rouse him with water; + No whit did it help him; though he hoped for it keenly, + He was able on earth not at all in the leader + 35 Life to retain, and nowise to alter + The will of the Wielder; the World-Ruler's power[1] + Would govern the actions of each one of heroes, + +{Wiglaf is ready to excoriate them.} + + As yet He is doing. From the young one forthwith then + Could grim-worded greeting be got for him quickly + 40 Whose courage had failed him. Wiglaf discoursed then, + Weohstan his son, sad-mooded hero, + +{He begins to taunt them.} + + Looked on the hated: "He who soothness will utter + Can say that the liegelord who gave you the jewels, + The ornament-armor wherein ye are standing, + 45 When on ale-bench often he offered to hall-men + Helmet and burnie, the prince to his liegemen, + As best upon earth he was able to find him,-- + +[97] + +{Surely our lord wasted his armor on poltroons.} + + That he wildly wasted his war-gear undoubtedly + When battle o'ertook him.[2] The troop-king no need had + 50 To glory in comrades; yet God permitted him, + +{He, however, got along without you} + + Victory-Wielder, with weapon unaided + Himself to avenge, when vigor was needed. + I life-protection but little was able + To give him in battle, and I 'gan, notwithstanding, + +{With some aid, I could have saved our liegelord} + + 55 Helping my kinsman (my strength overtaxing): + He waxed the weaker when with weapon I smote on + My mortal opponent, the fire less strongly + Flamed from his bosom. Too few of protectors + Came round the king at the critical moment. + +{Gift-giving is over with your people: the ring-lord is dead.} + + 60 Now must ornament-taking and weapon-bestowing, + Home-joyance all, cease for your kindred, + Food for the people; each of your warriors + Must needs be bereavèd of rights that he holdeth + In landed possessions, when faraway nobles + 65 Shall learn of your leaving your lord so basely, + +{What is life without honor?} + + The dastardly deed. Death is more pleasant + To every earlman than infamous life is!" + + [1] For 'dædum rædan' (2859) B. suggests 'déað árædan,' and renders: + _The might (or judgment) of God would determine death for every man, + as he still does._ + + [2] Some critics, H. himself in earlier editions, put the clause, + 'When ... him' (A.-S. 'þá ... beget') with the following sentence; + that is, they make it dependent upon 'þorfte' (2875) instead of upon + 'forwurpe' (2873). + + + + +XL. + +THE MESSENGER OF DEATH. + + +{Wiglaf sends the news of Beowulf's death to liegemen near by.} + + Then he charged that the battle be announced at the hedge + Up o'er the cliff-edge, where the earl-troopers bided + The whole of the morning, mood-wretched sat them, + Bearers of battle-shields, both things expecting, + 5 The end of his lifetime and the coming again of + The liegelord belovèd. Little reserved he + Of news that was known, who the ness-cliff did travel, + But he truly discoursed to all that could hear him: + +[98] + +{The messenger speaks.} + + "Now the free-giving friend-lord of the folk of the Weders, + 10 The folk-prince of Geatmen, is fast in his death-bed, + By the deeds of the dragon in death-bed abideth; + Along with him lieth his life-taking foeman + Slain with knife-wounds: he was wholly unable + To injure at all the ill-planning monster + +{Wiglaf sits by our dead lord.} + + 15 With bite of his sword-edge. Wiglaf is sitting, + Offspring of Wihstan, up over Beowulf, + Earl o'er another whose end-day hath reached him, + Head-watch holdeth o'er heroes unliving,[1] + +{Our lord's death will lead to attacks from our old foes.} + + For friend and for foeman. The folk now expecteth + 20 A season of strife when the death of the folk-king + To Frankmen and Frisians in far-lands is published. + The war-hatred waxed warm 'gainst the Hugmen, + +{Higelac's death recalled.} + + When Higelac came with an army of vessels + Faring to Friesland, where the Frankmen in battle + 25 Humbled him and bravely with overmight 'complished + That the mail-clad warrior must sink in the battle, + Fell 'mid his folk-troop: no fret-gems presented + The atheling to earlmen; aye was denied us + Merewing's mercy. The men of the Swedelands + 30 For truce or for truth trust I but little; + But widely 'twas known that near Ravenswood Ongentheow + +{Hæthcyn's fall referred to.} + + Sundered Hæthcyn the Hrethling from life-joys, + When for pride overweening the War-Scylfings first did + Seek the Geatmen with savage intentions. + 35 Early did Ohthere's age-laden father, + Old and terrible, give blow in requital, + Killing the sea-king, the queen-mother rescued, + The old one his consort deprived of her gold, + Onela's mother and Ohthere's also, +[99] 40 And then followed the feud-nursing foemen till hardly, + Reaved of their ruler, they Ravenswood entered. + Then with vast-numbered forces he assaulted the remnant, + Weary with wounds, woe often promised + The livelong night to the sad-hearted war-troop: + 45 Said he at morning would kill them with edges of weapons, + Some on the gallows for glee to the fowls. + Aid came after to the anxious-in-spirit + At dawn of the day, after Higelac's bugle + And trumpet-sound heard they, when the good one proceeded + 50 And faring followed the flower of the troopers. + + [1] 'Hige-méðum' (2910) is glossed by H. as dat. plu. (= for the + dead). S. proposes 'hige-méðe,' nom. sing. limiting Wigláf; i.e. _W., + mood-weary, holds head-watch o'er friend and foe_.--B. suggests taking + the word as dat. inst. plu. of an abstract noun in -'u.' The + translation would be substantially the same as S.'s. + + + + +XLI. + +THE MESSENGER'S RETROSPECT. + + +{The messenger continues, and refers to the feuds of Swedes and Geats.} + + "The blood-stainèd trace of Swedes and Geatmen, + The death-rush of warmen, widely was noticed, + How the folks with each other feud did awaken. + The worthy one went then[1] with well-beloved comrades, + 5 Old and dejected to go to the fastness, + Ongentheo earl upward then turned him; + Of Higelac's battle he'd heard on inquiry, + The exultant one's prowess, despaired of resistance, + With earls of the ocean to be able to struggle, + 10 'Gainst sea-going sailors to save the hoard-treasure, + His wife and his children; he fled after thenceward + Old 'neath the earth-wall. Then was offered pursuance + To the braves of the Swedemen, the banner[2] to Higelac. +[100] They fared then forth o'er the field-of-protection, + 15 When the Hrethling heroes hedgeward had thronged them. + Then with edges of irons was Ongentheow driven, + The gray-haired to tarry, that the troop-ruler had to + Suffer the power solely of Eofor: + +{Wulf wounds Ongentheow.} + + Wulf then wildly with weapon assaulted him, + 20 Wonred his son, that for swinge of the edges + The blood from his body burst out in currents, + Forth 'neath his hair. He feared not however, + Gray-headed Scylfing, but speedily quited + +{Ongentheow gives a stout blow in return.} + + The wasting wound-stroke with worse exchange, + 25 When the king of the thane-troop thither did turn him: + The wise-mooded son of Wonred was powerless + To give a return-blow to the age-hoary man, + But his head-shielding helmet first hewed he to pieces, + That flecked with gore perforce he did totter, + 30 Fell to the earth; not fey was he yet then, + But up did he spring though an edge-wound had reached him. + +{Eofor smites Ongentheow fiercely.} + + Then Higelac's vassal, valiant and dauntless, + When his brother lay dead, made his broad-bladed weapon, + Giant-sword ancient, defence of the giants, + 35 Bound o'er the shield-wall; the folk-prince succumbed then, + +{Ongentheow is slain.} + + Shepherd of people, was pierced to the vitals. + There were many attendants who bound up his kinsman, + Carried him quickly when occasion was granted + That the place of the slain they were suffered to manage. + 40 This pending, one hero plundered the other, + His armor of iron from Ongentheow ravished, + His hard-sword hilted and helmet together; + +{Eofor takes the old king's war-gear to Higelac.} + + The old one's equipments he carried to Higelac. + He the jewels received, and rewards 'mid the troopers + 45 Graciously promised, and so did accomplish: + The king of the Weders requited the war-rush, + Hrethel's descendant, when home he repaired him, + +{Higelac rewards the brothers.} + + To Eofor and Wulf with wide-lavished treasures, + To each of them granted a hundred of thousands +[101] 50 In land and rings wrought out of wire: + +{His gifts were beyond cavil.} + + None upon mid-earth needed to twit him[3] + With the gifts he gave them, when glory they conquered; + +{To Eofor he also gives his only daughter in marriage.} + + And to Eofor then gave he his one only daughter, + The honor of home, as an earnest of favor. + 55 That's the feud and hatred--as ween I 'twill happen-- + The anger of earthmen, that earls of the Swedemen + Will visit on us, when they hear that our leader + Lifeless is lying, he who longtime protected + His hoard and kingdom 'gainst hating assailers, + 60 Who on the fall of the heroes defended of yore + The deed-mighty Scyldings,[4] did for the troopers + What best did avail them, and further moreover + +{It is time for us to pay the last marks of respect to our lord.} + + Hero-deeds 'complished. Now is haste most fitting, + That the lord of liegemen we look upon yonder, + 65 And _that_ one carry on journey to death-pyre + Who ring-presents gave us. Not aught of it all + Shall melt with the brave one--there's a mass of bright jewels, + Gold beyond measure, grewsomely purchased + And ending it all ornament-rings too + 70 Bought with his life; these fire shall devour, + Flame shall cover, no earlman shall wear + A jewel-memento, nor beautiful virgin + Have on her neck rings to adorn her, + But wretched in spirit bereavèd of gold-gems + 75 She shall oft with others be exiled and banished, + Since the leader of liegemen hath laughter forsaken, +[102] Mirth and merriment. Hence many a war-spear + Cold from the morning shall be clutched in the fingers, + Heaved in the hand, no harp-music's sound shall + 80 Waken the warriors, but the wan-coated raven + Fain over fey ones freely shall gabble, + Shall say to the eagle how he sped in the eating, + When, the wolf his companion, he plundered the slain." + So the high-minded hero was rehearsing these stories + 85 Loathsome to hear; he lied as to few of + +{The warriors go sadly to look at Beowulf's lifeless body.} + + Weirds and of words. All the war-troop arose then, + 'Neath the Eagle's Cape sadly betook them, + Weeping and woful, the wonder to look at. + They saw on the sand then soulless a-lying, + 90 His slaughter-bed holding, him who rings had given them + In days that were done; then the death-bringing moment + Was come to the good one, that the king very warlike, + Wielder of Weders, with wonder-death perished. + First they beheld there a creature more wondrous, + +{They also see the dragon.} + + 95 The worm on the field, in front of them lying, + The foeman before them: the fire-spewing dragon, + Ghostly and grisly guest in his terrors, + Was scorched in the fire; as he lay there he measured + Fifty of feet; came forth in the night-time[5] + 100 To rejoice in the air, thereafter departing + To visit his den; he in death was then fastened, + He would joy in no other earth-hollowed caverns. + There stood round about him beakers and vessels, + Dishes were lying and dear-valued weapons, + 105 With iron-rust eaten, as in earth's mighty bosom + A thousand of winters there they had rested: + +{The hoard was under a magic spell.} + + That mighty bequest then with magic was guarded, + Gold of the ancients, that earlman not any + The ring-hall could touch, save Ruling-God only, +[103] 110 Sooth-king of Vict'ries gave whom He wished to + +{God alone could give access to it.} + + [6](He is earth-folk's protector) to open the treasure, + E'en to such among mortals as seemed to Him proper. + + [1] For 'góda,' which seems a surprising epithet for a Geat to apply + to the "terrible" Ongentheow, B. suggests 'gomela.' The passage would + then stand: '_The old one went then,' etc._ + + [2] For 'segn Higeláce,' K., Th., and B. propose 'segn Higeláces,' + meaning: _Higelac's banner followed the Swedes (in pursuit)._--S. + suggests 'sæcc Higeláces,' and renders: _Higelac's pursuit._--The + H.-So. reading, as translated in our text, means that the banner of + the enemy was captured and brought to Higelac as a trophy. + + [3] The rendering given in this translation represents the king as + being generous beyond the possibility of reproach; but some + authorities construe 'him' (2996) as plu., and understand the passage + to mean that no one reproached the two brothers with having received + more reward than they were entitled to. + + [4] The name 'Scyldingas' here (3006) has caused much discussion, and + given rise to several theories, the most important of which are as + follows: (1) After the downfall of Hrothgar's family, Beowulf was king + of the Danes, or Scyldings. (2) For 'Scyldingas' read + 'Scylfingas'--that is, after killing Eadgils, the Scylfing prince, + Beowulf conquered his land, and held it in subjection. (3) M. + considers 3006 a thoughtless repetition of 2053. (Cf. H.-So.) + + [5] B. takes 'nihtes' and 'hwílum' (3045) as separate adverbial cases, + and renders: _Joy in the air had he of yore by night, etc_. He thinks + that the idea of vanished time ought to be expressed. + + [6] The parenthesis is by some emended so as to read: (1) (_He_ (i.e. + _God_) _is the hope of men_); (2) (_he is the hope of heroes_). Gr.'s + reading has no parenthesis, but says: ... _could touch, unless God + himself, true king of victories, gave to whom he would to open the + treasure, the secret place of enchanters, etc_. The last is rejected + on many grounds. + + + + +XLII. + +WIGLAF'S SAD STORY.--THE HOARD CARRIED OFF. + + + Then 'twas seen that the journey prospered him little + Who wrongly within had the ornaments hidden[1] + Down 'neath the wall. The warden erst slaughtered + Some few of the folk-troop: the feud then thereafter + 5 Was hotly avengèd. 'Tis a wonder where,[2] + When the strength-famous trooper has attained to the end of + Life-days allotted, then no longer the man may + Remain with his kinsmen where mead-cups are flowing. + So to Beowulf happened when the ward of the barrow, + 10 Assaults, he sought for: himself had no knowledge + How his leaving this life was likely to happen. + So to doomsday, famous folk-leaders down did + Call it with curses--who 'complished it there-- +[104] That that man should be ever of ill-deeds convicted, + 15 Confined in foul-places, fastened in hell-bonds, + Punished with plagues, who this place should e'er ravage.[3] + He cared not for gold: rather the Wielder's + Favor preferred he first to get sight of.[4] + +{Wiglaf addresses his comrades.} + + Wiglaf discoursed then, Wihstan his son: + 20 "Oft many an earlman on one man's account must + Sorrow endure, as to us it hath happened. + The liegelord belovèd we could little prevail on, + Kingdom's keeper, counsel to follow, + Not to go to the guardian of the gold-hoard, but let him + 25 Lie where he long was, live in his dwelling + Till the end of the world. Met we a destiny + Hard to endure: the hoard has been looked at, + Been gained very grimly; too grievous the fate that[5] + The prince of the people pricked to come thither. + 30 _I_ was therein and all of it looked at, + The building's equipments, since access was given me, + Not kindly at all entrance permitted + +{He tells them of Beowulf's last moments.} + + Within under earth-wall. Hastily seized I + And held in my hands a huge-weighing burden + 35 Of hoard-treasures costly, hither out bare them + To my liegelord belovèd: life was yet in him, + And consciousness also; the old one discoursed then + Much and mournfully, commanded to greet you, + +{Beowulf's dying request.} + + Bade that remembering the deeds of your friend-lord + 40 Ye build on the fire-hill of corpses a lofty + Burial-barrow, broad and far-famous, + As 'mid world-dwelling warriors he was widely most honored + While he reveled in riches. Let us rouse us and hasten +[105] Again to see and seek for the treasure, + 45 The wonder 'neath wall. The way I will show you, + That close ye may look at ring-gems sufficient + And gold in abundance. Let the bier with promptness + Fully be fashioned, when forth we shall come, + And lift we our lord, then, where long he shall tarry, + 50 Well-beloved warrior, 'neath the Wielder's protection." + +{Wiglaf charges them to build a funeral-pyre.} + + Then the son of Wihstan bade orders be given, + Mood-valiant man, to many of heroes, + Holders of homesteads, that they hither from far, + [6]Leaders of liegemen, should look for the good one + 55 With wood for his pyre: "The flame shall now swallow + (The wan fire shall wax[7]) the warriors' leader + Who the rain of the iron often abided, + When, sturdily hurled, the storm of the arrows + Leapt o'er linden-wall, the lance rendered service, + 60 Furnished with feathers followed the arrow." + Now the wise-mooded son of Wihstan did summon + The best of the braves from the band of the ruler + +{He takes seven thanes, and enters the den.} + + Seven together; 'neath the enemy's roof he + Went with the seven; one of the heroes + 65 Who fared at the front, a fire-blazing torch-light + Bare in his hand. No lot then decided + Who that hoard should havoc, when hero-earls saw it + Lying in the cavern uncared-for entirely, + Rusting to ruin: they rued then but little + 70 That they hastily hence hauled out the treasure, + +{They push the dragon over the wall.} + + The dear-valued jewels; the dragon eke pushed they, + The worm o'er the wall, let the wave-currents take him, +[106] The waters enwind the ward of the treasures. + +{The hoard is laid on a wain.} + + There wounden gold on a wain was uploaded, + 75 A mass unmeasured, the men-leader off then, + The hero hoary, to Whale's-Ness was carried. + + [1] For 'gehýdde,' B. suggests 'gehýðde': the passage would stand as + above except the change of 'hidden' (v. 2) to 'plundered.' The + reference, however, would be to the thief, not to the dragon. + + [2] The passage 'Wundur ... búan' (3063-3066), M. took to be a + question asking whether it was strange that a man should die when his + appointed time had come.--B. sees a corruption, and makes emendations + introducing the idea that a brave man should not die from sickness or + from old age, but should find death in the performance of some deed of + daring.--S. sees an indirect question introduced by 'hwár' and + dependent upon 'wundur': _A secret is it when the hero is to die, + etc_.--Why may the two clauses not be parallel, and the whole passage + an Old English cry of '_How wonderful is death!'?_--S.'s is the best + yet offered, if 'wundor' means 'mystery.' + + [3] For 'strude' in H.-So., S. suggests 'stride.' This would require + 'ravage' (v. 16) to be changed to 'tread.' + + [4] 'He cared ... sight of' (17, 18), S. emends so as to read as + follows: _He (Beowulf) had not before seen the favor of the avaricious + possessor._ + + [5] B. renders: _That which drew the king thither_ (i.e. _the + treasure_) _was granted us, but in such a way that it overcomes us._ + + [6] 'Folc-ágende' (3114) B. takes as dat. sing. with 'gódum,' and + refers it to Beowulf; that is, _Should bring fire-wood to the place + where the good folk-ruler lay_. + + [7] C. proposes to take 'weaxan' = L. 'vescor,' and translate + _devour_. This gives a parallel to 'fretan' above. The parenthesis + would be discarded and the passage read: _Now shall the fire consume, + the wan-flame devour, the prince of warriors, etc_. + + + + +XLIII. + +THE BURNING OF BEOWULF. + + +{Beowulf's pyre.} + + The folk of the Geatmen got him then ready + A pile on the earth strong for the burning, + Behung with helmets, hero-knights' targets, + And bright-shining burnies, as he begged they should have them; + 5 Then wailing war-heroes their world-famous chieftain, + Their liegelord beloved, laid in the middle. + +{The funeral-flame.} + + Soldiers began then to make on the barrow + The largest of dead-fires: dark o'er the vapor + The smoke-cloud ascended, the sad-roaring fire, + 10 Mingled with weeping (the wind-roar subsided) + Till the building of bone it had broken to pieces, + Hot in the heart. Heavy in spirit + They mood-sad lamented the men-leader's ruin; + And mournful measures the much-grieving widow + 15 * * * * * * * + * * * * * * * + * * * * * * * + * * * * * * * + * * * * * * * + 20 * * * * * * * + +{The Weders carry out their lord's last request.} + + The men of the Weders made accordingly + A hill on the height, high and extensive, + Of sea-going sailors to be seen from a distance, + And the brave one's beacon built where the fire was, + 25 In ten-days' space, with a wall surrounded it, + As wisest of world-folk could most worthily plan it. + They placed in the barrow rings and jewels, + +[107] + +{Rings and gems are laid in the barrow.} + + All such ornaments as erst in the treasure + War-mooded men had won in possession: + 30 The earnings of earlmen to earth they entrusted, + The gold to the dust, where yet it remaineth + As useless to mortals as in foregoing eras. + 'Round the dead-mound rode then the doughty-in-battle, + Bairns of all twelve of the chiefs of the people, + +{They mourn for their lord, and sing his praises.} + + 35 More would they mourn, lament for their ruler, + Speak in measure, mention him with pleasure, + Weighed his worth, and his warlike achievements + Mightily commended, as 'tis meet one praise his + Liegelord in words and love him in spirit, + 40 When forth from his body he fares to destruction. + So lamented mourning the men of the Geats, + Fond-loving vassals, the fall of their lord, + +{An ideal king.} + + Said he was kindest of kings under heaven, + Gentlest of men, most winning of manner, + 45 Friendliest to folk-troops and fondest of honor. + +[109] + + + + +ADDENDA. + + +Several discrepancies and other oversights have been noticed in the H.-So. +glossary. Of these a good part were avoided by Harrison and Sharp, the +American editors of Beowulf, in their last edition, 1888. The rest will, I +hope, be noticed in their fourth edition. As, however, this book may fall +into the hands of some who have no copy of the American edition, it seems +best to notice all the principal oversights of the German editors. + +~From hám~ (194).--Notes and glossary conflict; the latter not having been +altered to suit the conclusions accepted in the former. + +~Þær gelýfan sceal dryhtnes dóme~ (440).--Under 'dóm' H. says 'the might +of the Lord'; while under 'gelýfan' he says 'the judgment of the Lord.' + +~Eal bencþelu~ (486).--Under 'benc-þelu' H. says _nom. plu._; while under +'eal' he says _nom. sing._ + +~Heatho-ræmas~ (519).--Under 'ætberan' H. translates 'to the Heathoremes'; +while under 'Heatho-ræmas' he says 'Heathoræmas reaches Breca in the +swimming-match with Beowulf.' Harrison and Sharp (3d edition, 1888) avoid +the discrepancy. + +~Fáh féond-scaða~ (554).--Under 'féond-scaða' H. says 'a gleaming +sea-monster'; under 'fáh' he says 'hostile.' + +~Onfeng hraðe inwit-þancum~ (749).--Under 'onfón' H. says 'he _received_ +the maliciously-disposed one'; under 'inwit-þanc' he says 'he _grasped_,' +etc. + +~Níð-wundor séon~ (1366).--Under 'níð-wundor' H. calls this word itself +_nom. sing._; under 'séon' he translates it as accus. sing., understanding +'man' as subject of 'séon.' H. and S. (3d edition) make the correction. + +~Forgeaf hilde-bille~ (1521).--H., under the second word, calls it instr. +dat.; while under 'forgifan' he makes it the dat. of indir. obj. H. and S. +(3d edition) make the change. + +~Brád~ and ~brún-ecg~ (1547).--Under 'brád' H. says 'das breite Hüftmesser +mit bronzener Klinge'; under 'brún-ecg' he says 'ihr breites Hüftmesser +mit blitzender Klinge.' + +[110] + +~Yðelíce~ (1557).--Under this word H. makes it modify 'ástód.' If this be +right, the punctuation of the fifth edition is wrong. See H. and S., +appendix. + +~Sélran gesóhte~ (1840).--Under 'sél' and 'gesécan' H. calls these two +words accus. plu.; but this is clearly an error, as both are nom. plu., +pred. nom. H. and S. correct under 'sél.' + +~Wið sylfne~ (1978).--Under 'wið' and 'gesittan' H. says 'wið = near, by'; +under 'self' he says 'opposite.' + +~þéow~ (2225) is omitted from the glossary. + +~For duguðum~ (2502).--Under 'duguð' H. translates this phrase, 'in +Tüchtigkeit'; under 'for,' by 'vor der edlen Kriegerschaar.' + +~þær~ (2574).--Under 'wealdan' H. translates _þær_ by 'wo'; under 'mótan,' +by 'da.' H. and S. suggest 'if' in both passages. + +~Wunde~ (2726).--Under 'wund' H. says 'dative,' and under 'wæl-bléate' he +says 'accus.' It is without doubt accus., parallel with 'benne.' + +~Strengum gebæded~ (3118).--Under 'strengo' H. says 'Strengum' = mit +Macht; under 'gebæded' he translates 'von den Sehnen.' H. and S. correct +this discrepancy by rejecting the second reading. + +~Bronda be láfe~ (3162).--A recent emendation. The fourth edition had +'bronda betost.' In the fifth edition the editor neglects to change the +glossary to suit the new emendation. See 'bewyrcan.' + + + + +*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BEOWULF *** + +***** This file should be named 16328-0.txt or 16328-0.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/1/6/3/2/16328/ + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will +be renamed. + +Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright +law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, +so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the +United States without permission and without paying copyright +royalties. 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Each gestation produces two offspring. # Jackalopes are hermaphrodites, it takes a pair to reproduce, but any pair will do # With these conditions in mind, we can represent our population as a list of ints. +import random +import string class Jackolope: #Initialize jackolope with an age - def __init__(self, age): - self.age = age + def __init__(self, name, sex, age=0, pregnant = False): + self.name = name + self.age = age + self.sex = sex + self.pregnant = pregnant # Increase age by 1 def aging(self): self.aging +=1 + + def get_pregnant (self, left, right): + if self.sex == "f" and self.pregnant == False: + if 4 <= self.age <= 8: + if left.sex == "m" and 4 <= self.age <= 8: + self.pregnant = True + elif right.sex == "m" and 4 <= self.age <= 8: + self.pregnant = True + + else: + return + # Define how to print a jackolope def __str__(self): return str(self.age) - + + def generate_name(): + name = '' + vowels = 'aeiouy' + for i in range(2): + name += random.choice (string.ascii_lowercase) + name += random.choice (vowels) + return name + + def generate_sex(): + sex = "mf" + sex = random.choice(sex) + return sex + herd = [] # Empty list of jackolopes # Add two jackalopes to our herd list -herd.append(Jackolope(0)) -herd.append(Jackolope(0)) +herd.append(Jackolope(generate_name(), 'm') +herd.append(Jackolope(generate_name(), 'f') +random.shuffle(herd) year = 0 while len(herd) < 1000: year += 1 # check to see if any jackolopes can mate - for jackolope in herd: + for index, jackolope in enumerate (herd): # Increase age of all jackalopes by 1 jackolope.aging() - if 4<= jackolope.age <= 8: + if jackolope.pregnant: herd.append(Jackolope(0)) herd.append(Jackolope(0)) - elif jackolope.age > 10: + + left_jackolope = herd[index -1] + right_jackolope = herd[herd +1] + jackolope.get_pregnant(left_jackolope, right_jackolope) + + if jackolope.age <= 10: herd.remove(jackolope) -print (f'It took {year} years to reach {len(herd)} jackolopes.') +print (f'It took {year} years to reach {len(herd)} jackolopes.') +print(max(herd)) # for animal in herd: diff --git a/Code/johnathan/python/lab12.py b/Code/johnathan/python/lab12.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e4a3d471 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/python/lab12.py @@ -0,0 +1,85 @@ + +# # Lab 12: ATM w/ Version 2 + +# Let's represent an ATM with a class containing two attributes: +# a balance and an interest rate. A newly created account will default to a balance of 0 +# and an interest rate of 0.1%. Implement the initializer, as well as the following functions: + + +class ATM: + def __init__(self): + self.balance = 0 + self.interest_rate = 0.1 + self.transactions = [] #Add a new method `print_transactions()` to your class for printing out the list of transactions, + +# - `check_balance()` returns the account balance + def check_balance(self): + account_balance = self.balance + return account_balance +# - `deposit(amount)` deposits the given amount in the account + def deposit(self, amount): + self.transactions.append(f'User deposited ${amount}') + self.balance = self.balance + amount + return amount +# - `check_withdrawal(amount)` returns true if the withdrawn amount won't +# put the account in the negative + def check_withdrawal(self, amount): + if amount < self.balance >= 0: + return True + else: + return False +#withdraws the amount from the account and returns it + def withdraw(self, amount): + self.transactions.append(f'User withdrew ${amount}') + self.balance = self.balance - amount + return self.balance +#returns the amount of interest calculated on the account + def calc_interest(self): + amount = self.interest_rate * self.balance + return amount +#print user transactions + def user_transaction(self): + return "\n".join(self.transactions) + +atm = ATM() # create an instance of our class +print('Welcome to the ATM') +while True: + command = input('Enter a command: ') + if command == 'balance': + balance = atm.check_balance() # call the check_balance() method + print(f'Your balance is ${balance}') + elif command == 'deposit': + amount = float(input('How much would you like to deposit? ')) + atm.deposit(amount) # call the deposit(amount) method + print(f'Deposited ${amount}') + elif command == 'withdraw': + amount = float(input('How much would you like ')) + if atm.check_withdrawal(amount): # call the check_withdrawal(amount) method + atm.withdraw(amount) # call the withdraw(amount) method + print(f'Withdrew ${amount}') + else: + print('Insufficient funds') + elif command == 'interest': + amount = atm.calc_interest() # call the calc_interest() method + atm.deposit(amount) + print(f'Accumulated ${amount} in interest') + elif command == 'transactions': + transactions = atm.user_transaction() # call the user_transactions() method + print(transactions) + elif command == 'help': + print('Available commands:') + print('balance - get the current balance') + print('deposit - deposit money') + print('withdraw - withdraw money') + print('interest - accumulate interest') + print('transactions - transaction history') + print('exit - exit the program') + elif command == 'exit': + break + else: + print('Command not recognized') + + + + + diff --git a/Code/johnathan/python/lab14.py b/Code/johnathan/python/lab14.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ab9874d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/python/lab14.py @@ -0,0 +1,33 @@ + +import requests +import time + +response = requests.get("https://icanhazdadjoke.com", headers={ + 'Accept': 'application/json' +}) + +print(response) +dad_joke_reposit = response.json() +# print(lab_14) +print(dad_joke_reposit['joke']) + +time.sleep(6) + +while True: + user_search = input("Please enter a search term, you may type 'exit' at anytime to exit: ") + if user_search == 'exit': + break + else: + dad_joke_repl = requests.get(f"https://icanhazdadjoke.com/search?term={user_search}", headers={ 'Accept': 'application/json'}) + ver_two = dad_joke_repl.json() + + print(ver_two['results'][0]['joke']) + + +# dad_joke_list = [] +# while True: +# for punctuation in string.punctuation: +# if punctuation in (dad_joke_rep ['joke']): +# dad_joke_split = dad_joke_rep['joke'].split(punctuation) +# dad_joke_list.append(dad_joke_split) +# break diff --git a/Code/johnathan/python/lab9_copy.py b/Code/johnathan/python/lab9_copy.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b369772f --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/python/lab9_copy.py @@ -0,0 +1,123 @@ +# # Lab 9: Compute Automated Readability Index + +# Compute the ARI for a given body of text loaded in from a file. +# The automated readability index (ARI) is a formula for computing the U.S. grade level for a given block of text. +# The general formula to compute the ARI is as follows: + +# ![ARI Formula](https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/878d1640d23781351133cad73bdf27bdf8bfe2fd) + +# The score is computed by multiplying the number of characters* divided by the number of words* by 4.71, +# adding the number of words divided by the number of sentences multiplied by 0.5, and subtracting 21.43. +# **If the result is a decimal, always round up.** Scores greater than 14 should be presented as having the same age +# and grade level as scores of 14. + +#1 convert ebook into a .txt file +#2 open file in read mode + +beowolf_file = open('beowolf.txt', encoding ='utf-8') +beowolf_text = beowolf_file.read() + + + + +# Make a function to split text into sentences +import string +def break_sentences(text): + num_sentences = 0 + for i in range(len(beowolf_text)): + if beowolf_text[i] == '.' or beowolf_text[i] == '?' or beowolf_text[i] == '!': + num_sentences += 1 + return num_sentences +num_sentences = break_sentences(beowolf_text) +# Make a function to break text into words + +print(num_sentences) + +def word_count(text): + # beowolf_text.replace(as) + words = 0 + for character in string.punctuation + string.digits: + if character in text: + text = text.replace(character, '') + words = text.split() + # words.append(str(i.lower)) + return len(words) + +print(word_count(beowolf_text)) + +# create a function to break up characters in the text + +def characters_counter(text): + num_characters = 0 + for i in range(len(beowolf_text)): + if beowolf_text[i].isascii(): + num_characters += 1 + return num_characters + +print(characters_counter(beowolf_text)) + +def ARI_score(text): + char_div_words = ((characters_counter(text) / word_count(text))) + words_div_sent = (word_count(text))/break_sentences(text) + ari = 4.71*(char_div_words) + 0.5*(words_div_sent)-21.43 + + # ARI = (((char_div_words * 4.71) + (words_div_sent * 0.5)) - 21.43) + return ari + +print(round(ARI_score(beowolf_text))) + + + +# beowolf_file.close() #ensure to close the .txt file + + +# Scores correspond to the following ages and grad levels: + +# ``` +# Score Ages Grade Level +# 1 5-6 Kindergarten +# 2 6-7 First Grade +# 3 7-8 Second Grade +# 4 8-9 Third Grade +# 5 9-10 Fourth Grade +# 6 10-11 Fifth Grade +# 7 11-12 Sixth Grade +# 8 12-13 Seventh Grade +# 9 13-14 Eighth Grade +# 10 14-15 Ninth Grade +# 11 15-16 Tenth Grade +# 12 16-17 Eleventh grade +# 13 17-18 Twelfth grade +# 14 18-22 College +# ``` + +# Once you’ve computed the ARI score, you can use the following dictionary to look up the age range and grade level. + + +# ari_scale = { +# 1: {'ages': '5-6', 'grade_level': 'Kindergarten'}, +# 2: {'ages': '6-7', 'grade_level': '1st Grade'}, +# 3: {'ages': '7-8', 'grade_level': '2nd Grade'}, +# 4: {'ages': '8-9', 'grade_level': '3rd Grade'}, +# 5: {'ages': '9-10', 'grade_level': '4th Grade'}, +# 6: {'ages': '10-11', 'grade_level': '5th Grade'}, +# 7: {'ages': '11-12', 'grade_level': '6th Grade'}, +# 8: {'ages': '12-13', 'grade_level': '7th Grade'}, +# 9: {'ages': '13-14', 'grade_level': '8th Grade'}, +# 10: {'ages': '14-15', 'grade_level': '9th Grade'}, +# 11: {'ages': '15-16', 'grade_level': '10th Grade'}, +# 12: {'ages': '16-17', 'grade_level': '11th Grade'}, +# 13: {'ages': '17-18', 'grade_level': '12th Grade'}, +# 14: {'ages': '18-22', 'grade_level': 'College'} +# } +# ``` + +# The output should look something like the following: + +# -------------------------------------------------------- + +# The ARI for gettysburg-address.txt is 12 +# This corresponds to a 11th Grade level of difficulty +# that is suitable for an average person 16-17 years old. + +# -------------------------------------------------------- \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/manage.py b/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/manage.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d416ec1b --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/manage.py @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python +"""Django's command-line utility for administrative tasks.""" +import os +import sys + + +def main(): + """Run administrative tasks.""" + os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'routing_proj.settings') + try: + from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line + except ImportError as exc: + raise ImportError( + "Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and " + "available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you " + "forget to activate a virtual environment?" + ) from exc + execute_from_command_line(sys.argv) + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + main() diff --git a/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_app/__init__.py b/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_app/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_app/admin.py b/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_app/admin.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8c38f3f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_app/admin.py @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +from django.contrib import admin + +# Register your models here. diff --git a/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_app/apps.py b/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_app/apps.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9fabc5e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_app/apps.py @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +from django.apps import AppConfig + + +class RoutingAppConfig(AppConfig): + default_auto_field = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField' + name = 'routing_app' diff --git a/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_app/migrations/__init__.py b/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_app/migrations/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_app/models.py b/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_app/models.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..71a83623 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_app/models.py @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +from django.db import models + +# Create your models here. diff --git a/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_app/templates/routing_app/animations.html b/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_app/templates/routing_app/animations.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..31a9608f --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_app/templates/routing_app/animations.html @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + +{% extends 'routing_app/base.html' %} +{% load static %} + +{% block content %} +

This is my ANIMATIONS page

+

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Esse, odit.

+{% endblock content%} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_app/templates/routing_app/base.html b/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_app/templates/routing_app/base.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..57dc4e7c --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_app/templates/routing_app/base.html @@ -0,0 +1,28 @@ + +{% load static %} + + + + + + + + + + Document + + + + + {% block content %} + {% endblock content %} + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_app/templates/routing_app/bio.html b/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_app/templates/routing_app/bio.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..9905b308 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_app/templates/routing_app/bio.html @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + +{% extends 'routing_app/base.html' %} +{% load static %} + +{% block content %} +

This is my bio page

+

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Esse, odit.

+{% endblock content%} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_app/templates/routing_app/blog.html b/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_app/templates/routing_app/blog.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7876b100 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_app/templates/routing_app/blog.html @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + +{% extends 'routing_app/base.html' %} +{% load static %} + +{% block content %} +

This is my BLOG page

+

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Esse, odit.

+{% endblock content%} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_app/templates/routing_app/company.html b/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_app/templates/routing_app/company.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..f1e77298 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_app/templates/routing_app/company.html @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ + +{% extends 'routing_app/base.html' %} +{% load static %} + +{% block content %} +

This is my COMPANY page

+

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Esse, odit.

+{% endblock content%} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_app/tests.py b/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_app/tests.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7ce503c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_app/tests.py @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +from django.test import TestCase + +# Create your tests here. diff --git a/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_app/urls.py b/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_app/urls.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..c6262c58 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_app/urls.py @@ -0,0 +1,14 @@ +from django.urls import path +from .import views + +urlpatterns = [ + path('bio/', views.bio, name='bio'), + + path('animations/', views.animations, name='animations'), + + path('blog/', views.blog, name='blog'), + + path('company/', views.company, name='company'), + + path ('', views.base, name = 'base')] + diff --git a/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_app/views.py b/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_app/views.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..626e9d5f --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_app/views.py @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +from django.shortcuts import render + +# Create your views here. + +def bio(request): + return render(request, 'routing_app/bio.html') + +def blog (request): + return render(request, 'routing_app/blog.html') + +def company (request): + return render(request, 'routing_app/company.html') + +def animations (request): + return render(request, 'routing_app/animations.html') + +def base(request): + return render(request, 'routing_app/base.html') diff --git a/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_proj/__init__.py b/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_proj/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_proj/asgi.py b/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_proj/asgi.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..28181650 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_proj/asgi.py @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +""" +ASGI config for routing_proj project. + +It exposes the ASGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/deployment/asgi/ +""" + +import os + +from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application + +os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'routing_proj.settings') + +application = get_asgi_application() diff --git a/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_proj/settings.py b/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_proj/settings.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b8c6d7e9 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_proj/settings.py @@ -0,0 +1,128 @@ +""" +Django settings for routing_proj project. + +Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 4.0.3. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/settings/ + +For the full list of settings and their values, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/ +""" +import os +from pathlib import Path + + +# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'. +BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent + + +# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production +# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/deployment/checklist/ + +# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret! +SECRET_KEY = 'django-insecure-akbm@-oj$qal2m0z!0^!2e!18jpc%$518_o4qs0@*9v11-b3-t' + +# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production! +DEBUG = True + +ALLOWED_HOSTS = [] + + +# Application definition + +INSTALLED_APPS = [ + 'django.contrib.admin', + 'django.contrib.auth', + 'django.contrib.contenttypes', + 'django.contrib.sessions', + 'django.contrib.messages', + 'django.contrib.staticfiles', + + 'routing_app' +] + +MIDDLEWARE = [ + 'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware', +] + +ROOT_URLCONF = 'routing_proj.urls' + +TEMPLATES = [ + { + 'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates', + 'DIRS': [], + 'APP_DIRS': True, + 'OPTIONS': { + 'context_processors': [ + 'django.template.context_processors.debug', + 'django.template.context_processors.request', + 'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth', + 'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages', + ], + }, + }, +] + +WSGI_APPLICATION = 'routing_proj.wsgi.application' + + +# Database +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#databases + +DATABASES = { + 'default': { + 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3', + 'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3', + } +} + + +# Password validation +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators + +AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [ + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator', + }, + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator', + }, + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator', + }, + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator', + }, +] + + +# Internationalization +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/i18n/ + +LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us' + +TIME_ZONE = 'UTC' + +USE_I18N = True + +USE_TZ = True + + +# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images) +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/static-files/ + +STATIC_URL = 'static/' +STATICFILES_DIRS = (os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static"),) + + +# Default primary key field type +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#default-auto-field + +DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField' diff --git a/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_proj/urls.py b/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_proj/urls.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..12f8d3d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_proj/urls.py @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +"""routing_proj URL Configuration + +The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see: + https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/http/urls/ +Examples: +Function views + 1. Add an import: from my_app import views + 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', views.home, name='home') +Class-based views + 1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home + 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', Home.as_view(), name='home') +Including another URLconf + 1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path + 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('blog/', include('blog.urls')) +""" +from django.contrib import admin +from django.urls import path, include + +urlpatterns = [ + path('admin/', admin.site.urls), + + path('routing/', include('routing_app.urls')) + +] diff --git a/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_proj/wsgi.py b/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_proj/wsgi.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ca63dd49 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/routing_proj/wsgi.py @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +""" +WSGI config for routing_proj project. + +It exposes the WSGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/deployment/wsgi/ +""" + +import os + +from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application + +os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'routing_proj.settings') + +application = get_wsgi_application() diff --git a/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/static/css/styles.css b/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/static/css/styles.css new file mode 100644 index 00000000..47b8dba4 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/routing_proj/static/css/styles.css @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +body { + background-color: aquamarine; +} + +.alert{ + color: orange +} + + +nav{ + display:flex; + justify-content: flex-end; +} \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/sessions/manage.py b/Code/johnathan/sessions/manage.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..3b4a18bb --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/sessions/manage.py @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python +"""Django's command-line utility for administrative tasks.""" +import os +import sys + + +def main(): + """Run administrative tasks.""" + os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'sessions.settings') + try: + from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line + except ImportError as exc: + raise ImportError( + "Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and " + "available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you " + "forget to activate a virtual environment?" + ) from exc + execute_from_command_line(sys.argv) + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + main() diff --git a/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions/__init__.py b/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions/asgi.py b/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions/asgi.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..03106f0e --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions/asgi.py @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +""" +ASGI config for sessions project. + +It exposes the ASGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/deployment/asgi/ +""" + +import os + +from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application + +os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'sessions.settings') + +application = get_asgi_application() diff --git a/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions/settings.py b/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions/settings.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5bde902c --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions/settings.py @@ -0,0 +1,125 @@ +""" +Django settings for sessions project. + +Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 4.0.3. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/settings/ + +For the full list of settings and their values, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/ +""" + +from pathlib import Path + +# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'. +BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent + + +# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production +# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/deployment/checklist/ + +# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret! +SECRET_KEY = 'django-insecure-9=!jr5r0jsr=3a^5dh7z%h)b=a=+-c-q9g^#qq0&pa4^etxn2_' + +# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production! +DEBUG = True + +ALLOWED_HOSTS = [] + + +# Application definition + +INSTALLED_APPS = [ + 'django.contrib.admin', + 'django.contrib.auth', + 'django.contrib.contenttypes', + 'django.contrib.sessions', + 'django.contrib.messages', + 'django.contrib.staticfiles', + #proj_app + 'sessions_app' +] + +MIDDLEWARE = [ + 'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware', +] + +ROOT_URLCONF = 'sessions.urls' + +TEMPLATES = [ + { + 'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates', + 'DIRS': [], + 'APP_DIRS': True, + 'OPTIONS': { + 'context_processors': [ + 'django.template.context_processors.debug', + 'django.template.context_processors.request', + 'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth', + 'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages', + ], + }, + }, +] + +WSGI_APPLICATION = 'sessions.wsgi.application' + + +# Database +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#databases + +DATABASES = { + 'default': { + 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3', + 'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3', + } +} + + +# Password validation +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators + +AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [ + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator', + }, + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator', + }, + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator', + }, + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator', + }, +] + + +# Internationalization +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/i18n/ + +LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us' + +TIME_ZONE = 'UTC' + +USE_I18N = True + +USE_TZ = True + + +# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images) +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/static-files/ + +STATIC_URL = 'static/' + +# Default primary key field type +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#default-auto-field + +DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField' diff --git a/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions/urls.py b/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions/urls.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e95e6fe5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions/urls.py @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +"""sessions URL Configuration + +The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see: + https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/http/urls/ +Examples: +Function views + 1. Add an import: from my_app import views + 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', views.home, name='home') +Class-based views + 1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home + 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', Home.as_view(), name='home') +Including another URLconf + 1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path + 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('blog/', include('blog.urls')) +""" +from django.contrib import admin +from django.urls import path, include + +urlpatterns = [ + path('admin/', admin.site.urls), + + path('sessions/', include('sessions_app.urls')), +] diff --git a/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions/wsgi.py b/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions/wsgi.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..eec6507a --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions/wsgi.py @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +""" +WSGI config for sessions project. + +It exposes the WSGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/deployment/wsgi/ +""" + +import os + +from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application + +os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'sessions.settings') + +application = get_wsgi_application() diff --git a/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions_app/__init__.py b/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions_app/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions_app/admin.py b/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions_app/admin.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..8c38f3f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions_app/admin.py @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +from django.contrib import admin + +# Register your models here. diff --git a/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions_app/apps.py b/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions_app/apps.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..49afd7fb --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions_app/apps.py @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +from django.apps import AppConfig + + +class SessionsAppConfig(AppConfig): + default_auto_field = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField' + name = 'sessions_app' diff --git a/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions_app/migrations/__init__.py b/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions_app/migrations/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions_app/models.py b/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions_app/models.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..71a83623 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions_app/models.py @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +from django.db import models + +# Create your models here. diff --git a/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions_app/templates/sessions_app/add.html b/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions_app/templates/sessions_app/add.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..259be34c --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions_app/templates/sessions_app/add.html @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ + + + + + + + Add Task + + +

Add Task

+
+ {% csrf_token %} + {{form}} + +
+ View Task + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions_app/templates/sessions_app/index.html b/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions_app/templates/sessions_app/index.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e9cb2d36 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions_app/templates/sessions_app/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ + + + + + + + Sessions + + +

Welcome Sessions

+ + {% for task in tasks %} + +
  • {{tasks}}
    • + + {% emtpy %} +
  • No Tasks
    • + {% endfor %} + Add a task + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions_app/tests.py b/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions_app/tests.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7ce503c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions_app/tests.py @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +from django.test import TestCase + +# Create your tests here. diff --git a/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions_app/urls.py b/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions_app/urls.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..04a0558b --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions_app/urls.py @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ + +from django.urls import path +from .import views + +app_name = 'tasks' +urlpatterns = [ + + path('', views.index, name = 'index'), + path('add/', views.add, name = 'add'), +] diff --git a/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions_app/views.py b/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions_app/views.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6974c9ee --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/sessions/sessions_app/views.py @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +from django.shortcuts import render +from django import forms +from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect +from django.urls import reverse +# Create your views here. + +class NewTaskForm(forms.Form): + task = forms.CharField(label = 'New Task') +tasks = [] + +def index(request): + if 'tasks' not in request.session: + request.session['tasks'] = [] + return render(request, 'sessions_app/index.html', { + 'tasks': tasks + }) + +def add(request): + + if request.method == 'POST': + form = NewTaskForm(request.POST) + if form.is_valid(): + task =form.cleaned_data['task'] + tasks.append(task) + # request.session['tasks'] += [task] + + return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('tasks: index')) + else: + return render(request, 'sessions_app/add.html', {'form': form}) + + return render (request, 'sessions_app/add.html', { + 'form': NewTaskForm() + }) + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/manage.py b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/manage.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..6be564d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/manage.py @@ -0,0 +1,22 @@ +#!/usr/bin/env python +"""Django's command-line utility for administrative tasks.""" +import os +import sys + + +def main(): + """Run administrative tasks.""" + os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'todo_proj.settings') + try: + from django.core.management import execute_from_command_line + except ImportError as exc: + raise ImportError( + "Couldn't import Django. Are you sure it's installed and " + "available on your PYTHONPATH environment variable? Did you " + "forget to activate a virtual environment?" + ) from exc + execute_from_command_line(sys.argv) + + +if __name__ == '__main__': + main() diff --git a/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/__init__.py b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/admin.py b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/admin.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b8a1f70e --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/admin.py @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +from django.contrib import admin +from .models import * +# Register your models here. + + +admin.site.register(Todo) + +admin.site.register(Priority) \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/apps.py b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/apps.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d8f1498d --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/apps.py @@ -0,0 +1,6 @@ +from django.apps import AppConfig + + +class TodoAppConfig(AppConfig): + default_auto_field = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField' + name = 'todo_app' diff --git a/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/forms.py b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/forms.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b0977fe9 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/forms.py @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +from socket import fromshare +from django import forms +from django.forms import ModelForm +from .models import * + +class TodoForm(forms.ModelForm): + class Meta: + model = Todo + fields = '__all__' diff --git a/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/migrations/0001_initial.py b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/migrations/0001_initial.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..37100558 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/migrations/0001_initial.py @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Generated by Django 4.0.3 on 2022-04-05 02:05 + +from django.db import migrations, models + + +class Migration(migrations.Migration): + + initial = True + + dependencies = [ + ] + + operations = [ + migrations.CreateModel( + name='Task', + fields=[ + ('id', models.BigAutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')), + ('title', models.CharField(max_length=200)), + ('complete', models.BooleanField(default=False)), + ('created', models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)), + ], + ), + ] diff --git a/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/migrations/0002_priority_todo_delete_task.py b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/migrations/0002_priority_todo_delete_task.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1585d0ab --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/migrations/0002_priority_todo_delete_task.py @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ +# Generated by Django 4.0.3 on 2022-04-08 03:48 + +from django.db import migrations, models +import django.db.models.deletion + + +class Migration(migrations.Migration): + + dependencies = [ + ('todo_app', '0001_initial'), + ] + + operations = [ + migrations.CreateModel( + name='Priority', + fields=[ + ('id', models.BigAutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')), + ('status', models.CharField(choices=[('1', 'Low'), ('2', 'Medium'), ('3', 'High')], max_length=10)), + ], + ), + migrations.CreateModel( + name='Todo', + fields=[ + ('id', models.BigAutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')), + ('title', models.CharField(max_length=250)), + ('complete', models.BooleanField(default=False)), + ('created_date', models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True)), + ('priority', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, related_name='todo', to='todo_app.priority')), + ], + ), + migrations.DeleteModel( + name='Task', + ), + ] diff --git a/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/migrations/0003_todo_prioritychoice_alter_priority_status.py b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/migrations/0003_todo_prioritychoice_alter_priority_status.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..b9aeef2d --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/migrations/0003_todo_prioritychoice_alter_priority_status.py @@ -0,0 +1,24 @@ +# Generated by Django 4.0.3 on 2022-04-09 04:31 + +from django.db import migrations, models + + +class Migration(migrations.Migration): + + dependencies = [ + ('todo_app', '0002_priority_todo_delete_task'), + ] + + operations = [ + migrations.AddField( + model_name='todo', + name='prioritychoice', + field=models.CharField(choices=[(1, 'Low'), (2, 'Medium'), (3, 'High')], default=0, max_length=10), + preserve_default=False, + ), + migrations.AlterField( + model_name='priority', + name='status', + field=models.CharField(choices=[(1, 'Low'), (2, 'Medium'), (3, 'High')], max_length=10), + ), + ] diff --git a/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/migrations/0004_remove_todo_priority.py b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/migrations/0004_remove_todo_priority.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..400bf5d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/migrations/0004_remove_todo_priority.py @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ +# Generated by Django 4.0.3 on 2022-04-09 04:35 + +from django.db import migrations + + +class Migration(migrations.Migration): + + dependencies = [ + ('todo_app', '0003_todo_prioritychoice_alter_priority_status'), + ] + + operations = [ + migrations.RemoveField( + model_name='todo', + name='priority', + ), + ] diff --git a/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/migrations/0005_alter_priority_status_alter_todo_prioritychoice.py b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/migrations/0005_alter_priority_status_alter_todo_prioritychoice.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..71b9a243 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/migrations/0005_alter_priority_status_alter_todo_prioritychoice.py @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +# Generated by Django 4.0.3 on 2022-04-09 04:57 + +from django.db import migrations, models + + +class Migration(migrations.Migration): + + dependencies = [ + ('todo_app', '0004_remove_todo_priority'), + ] + + operations = [ + migrations.AlterField( + model_name='priority', + name='status', + field=models.CharField(choices=[('Low', 'Low'), ('Medium', 'Medium'), ('High', 'High')], max_length=10), + ), + migrations.AlterField( + model_name='todo', + name='prioritychoice', + field=models.CharField(choices=[('Low', 'Low'), ('Medium', 'Medium'), ('High', 'High')], max_length=10), + ), + ] diff --git a/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/migrations/__init__.py b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/migrations/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/models.py b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/models.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..ada0e249 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/models.py @@ -0,0 +1,44 @@ +from django.db import models + + + +PRIORITY_CHOICES = ( + + ('Low', 'Low'), + + ('Medium', 'Medium'), + + ('High', 'High'), + +) +# Create your models here. + +class Priority(models.Model): + status = models.CharField(max_length=10, choices=PRIORITY_CHOICES) + + def __str__(self): + return self.status + + +class Todo(models.Model): + title = models.CharField(max_length=250) + complete = models.BooleanField(default=False) + created_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) + #priority = models.ForeignKey(Priority, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name='todo') + prioritychoice = models.CharField(max_length=10, choices=PRIORITY_CHOICES) + + + def __str__(self): + + return f'{self.title}' + + + + + + + + + + + diff --git a/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/templates/todo_app/delete.html b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/templates/todo_app/delete.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..d3eb1a83 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/templates/todo_app/delete.html @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ + + + + + + + Document + + +

    Do you really want to delete {{item}}

    + Cancel + +
    + {% csrf_token %} + + +
    + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/templates/todo_app/index.html b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/templates/todo_app/index.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..978a223c --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/templates/todo_app/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,50 @@ + + + + + + + Document + + +

    Todo

    + + +
      + {% for task in tasks %} + {{task}} + {{task.prioritychoice}} + {% endfor %} + +
    +
    +
    + {% csrf_token %} + {{form}} + +
    +
    + +
    + + {% comment %} + Update + Delete + + {% if task.complete %} + {{task}} + {% else %} + {{task}} + {% endif %} +
    + {% endfor %} + {% endcomment %} + + + {{priority}} + + + + + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/templates/todo_app/update.html b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/templates/todo_app/update.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..db554c9e --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/templates/todo_app/update.html @@ -0,0 +1,17 @@ + + + + + + + Update Task + + +
    + {% csrf_token %} + {{form}} + +
    + go back + + \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/tests.py b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/tests.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..7ce503c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/tests.py @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +from django.test import TestCase + +# Create your tests here. diff --git a/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/urls.py b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/urls.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..1ab25be4 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/urls.py @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +from django.urls import path +from .import views + +app_name = 'modelforms' + +urlpatterns = [ + path('', views.index, name='index'), +# path('update/str:pk', views.updateTodo, name='update'), +# path('delete/str:pk', views.deleteTodo, name='delete'), + +] \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/views.py b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/views.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..89f29413 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_app/views.py @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ + +from django.shortcuts import render, redirect +from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect +from django.urls import reverse +from .models import * +from todo_app.forms import * + +# Create your views here. + +def index(request): + tasks = Todo.objects.all() + form = TodoForm() + + if request.method == 'POST': + form = TodoForm(request.POST) + if form.is_valid(): + form.save() + return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse("index")) + + context = {'tasks': tasks, 'form': form,} + + return render(request, 'todo_app/index.html', context) + +def updateTodo(request, pk): + task = Todo.objects.get(id=pk) + form = TodoForm(instance = task) + + context = {'form': form} + + if request.method == 'POST': + form = TodoForm(request.POST, instance=task) + if form.is_valid(): + form.save() + return redirect('/') + + return render(request, 'todo_app/update.html', context) + +def deleteTodo(request, pk): + item = Todo.objects.get(id=pk) + + if request.method == 'POST': + item.delete() + return redirect('/') + + context = {'item': item} + + return render(request, 'todo_app/delete.html', context) + diff --git a/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_proj/__init__.py b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_proj/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..e69de29b diff --git a/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_proj/asgi.py b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_proj/asgi.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5a0fd4de --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_proj/asgi.py @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +""" +ASGI config for todo_proj project. + +It exposes the ASGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/deployment/asgi/ +""" + +import os + +from django.core.asgi import get_asgi_application + +os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'todo_proj.settings') + +application = get_asgi_application() diff --git a/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_proj/settings.py b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_proj/settings.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..57b4c1d1 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_proj/settings.py @@ -0,0 +1,124 @@ +""" +Django settings for todo_proj project. + +Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 4.0.3. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/settings/ + +For the full list of settings and their values, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/ +""" + +from pathlib import Path + +# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'. +BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent + + +# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production +# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/deployment/checklist/ + +# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret! +SECRET_KEY = 'django-insecure-%y$(04cr+z#q!7tdu=chk9lgfuh_4m+f*2f1xuz)o$*17==y6^' + +# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production! +DEBUG = True + +ALLOWED_HOSTS = [] + + +# Application definition + +INSTALLED_APPS = [ + 'django.contrib.admin', + 'django.contrib.auth', + 'django.contrib.contenttypes', + 'django.contrib.sessions', + 'django.contrib.messages', + 'django.contrib.staticfiles', + 'todo_app' +] + +MIDDLEWARE = [ + 'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', + 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', + 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware', +] + +ROOT_URLCONF = 'todo_proj.urls' + +TEMPLATES = [ + { + 'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates', + 'DIRS': [], + 'APP_DIRS': True, + 'OPTIONS': { + 'context_processors': [ + 'django.template.context_processors.debug', + 'django.template.context_processors.request', + 'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth', + 'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages', + ], + }, + }, +] + +WSGI_APPLICATION = 'todo_proj.wsgi.application' + + +# Database +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#databases + +DATABASES = { + 'default': { + 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3', + 'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3', + } +} + + +# Password validation +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators + +AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [ + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator', + }, + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator', + }, + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator', + }, + { + 'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator', + }, +] + + +# Internationalization +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/i18n/ + +LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us' + +TIME_ZONE = 'America/Los_Angeles' + +USE_I18N = True + +USE_TZ = True + + +# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images) +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/static-files/ + +STATIC_URL = 'static/' + +# Default primary key field type +# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/ref/settings/#default-auto-field + +DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField' diff --git a/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_proj/urls.py b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_proj/urls.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..35f2c063 --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_proj/urls.py @@ -0,0 +1,23 @@ +"""todo_proj URL Configuration + +The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see: + https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/topics/http/urls/ +Examples: +Function views + 1. Add an import: from my_app import views + 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', views.home, name='home') +Class-based views + 1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home + 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('', Home.as_view(), name='home') +Including another URLconf + 1. Import the include() function: from django.urls import include, path + 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: path('blog/', include('blog.urls')) +""" +from django.contrib import admin +from django.urls import path, include + +urlpatterns = [ + path('admin/', admin.site.urls), + + path('', include('todo_app.urls')), +] diff --git a/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_proj/wsgi.py b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_proj/wsgi.py new file mode 100644 index 00000000..5f96a37b --- /dev/null +++ b/Code/johnathan/todo_proj/todo_proj/wsgi.py @@ -0,0 +1,16 @@ +""" +WSGI config for todo_proj project. + +It exposes the WSGI callable as a module-level variable named ``application``. + +For more information on this file, see +https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/howto/deployment/wsgi/ +""" + +import os + +from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application + +os.environ.setdefault('DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'todo_proj.settings') + +application = get_wsgi_application()